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以7年生‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用~(13)C和~(15)N标记技术,分别标记单干单臂树形和直立龙干树形距离主干最近和最远的新梢叶片,研究不同树形之间的碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明:无论是单干单臂树形还是直立龙干树形,标记新梢的叶片固定和吸收碳氮营养大部分用于自身新梢的建设(73.49%～98.59%),剩余的向外运输。单干单臂树形标记新梢叶片制造的碳氮营养优先向水平方向上距离其较近的新梢分配,而直立龙干树形的碳氮营养具有极性分配特征,即上部新梢叶片制造的碳氮营养优先向下部新梢分配,中间新梢截留的碳氮营养少,分别是下部新梢的69.84%和75.61%。无论哪种树形均以标记新梢上的葡萄果实获得的~(13)C和~(15)N分配比率较高,其他未标记的新梢上果实获得的~(13)C、~(15)N分配比率很低。综合来看,以标准一致的树形有利于碳氮营养的均衡分配。 相似文献
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【目的】探讨施用铵态氮条件下不同取样时间葡萄幼树各器官~(13)C丰度、含量和分配率,各器官Ndff%、~(15)N含量、分配率和利用率,各指标间的相关关系,探索施铵态氮对不同时间葡萄幼树各器官碳氮养分吸收、分配和利用的变化规律。【方法】用2 a(年)生‘红地球’葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.‘Red Globe’)作为试材,施用300 mg (~(15)NH_4)_2SO_4,分别在施氮后15 d、30 d、45 d和160 d进行~(13)C标记,~(13)C标记后72 h取样。【结果】新根、叶和新枝等新生器官的生物量随时间增加显著,45 d时新根生物量分别比15、30 d增加了410.34%、60.87%,160 d时新枝生物量比45 d增加了397.22%;老根和老枝生物量15～45 d随时间变化不明显,160 d时显著增加。新根、叶片和新枝~(13)C丰度显著高于老根和老枝,其中新根丰度最高。施氮后15 d,新根~(13)C含量最高,叶片次之;30 d后,叶片含量最高;新枝和老根碳含量在160 d时显著增加。分配到新根和叶片的~(13)C较高,施氮后15 d,分配到新根的是叶片的1.37倍;30～160 d,分配到叶片的~(13)C分别比新根高104.97%、18.04%和26.42%;160 d时新根和老根分配率增加明显。施氮后各器官Ndff均在45 d达最大值,新生各器官对氮素的征调能力显著高于老枝和老根,其中新根征调能力最高。施氮后各时间进入叶片中的氮肥量最多,前期进入新根的氮肥量显著增加,30 d和45 d分别比前一时间增加了9.48倍和1.17倍,160 d时新枝氮肥含量比45 d增加了19.80倍。各时间叶片氮肥分配率显著高于其他器官,新根分配率随时间呈先上升后下降的趋势,在45 d达到最高,新枝分配率前期没有显著差异,到160 d时显著上升,比45 d升高了8.30倍。15～30 d时叶片氮肥利用率最高,根系次之;45 d时,各器官(除新枝外)氮肥利用率达到最高,160 d时新枝利用率显著上升,上升了80.13%。【结论】施氮后促进新生器官中碳养分的吸收和分配,以及氮养分的吸收、分配和利用。 相似文献
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<正> 本试验旨在研究苹果、杏和油桃幼树及结果树在不同生长期对铵态氮(NH_4—N)和硝态氮(NO_3—N)的吸收;供试品种苹果为Topred(顶红),杏为Peeka(皮卡)、油桃为Nectared—9(油桃9号);施入的氮素均为同位素~(15)N。结果表明,对于幼树,三个树种在整个生长季节内都更易吸收NH_4—N;对于结果树,苹果树仍更易吸收NH_4—N,而油桃特别是杏树则更易吸收NO_3—N,并且主要在生长季节的后期吸收。在果实生长期,叶片、根、枝条和果实中的N的吸收总量下降,这可能是树体 相似文献
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以3年生夏黑/3309M和夏黑/140Ru植株为试材,采用~(15)N示踪法研究不同类型砧木对‘夏黑’葡萄氮素的吸收、利用、分配规律。结果表明:施肥40 d后即幼果期,2个砧穗组合均以叶片和当年生枝的Ndff值最高,叶片中分别达到0.569%和0.419%,当年生枝分别为0.566%和0.293%;夏黑/3309M在叶片、当年生枝、根系等新生器官中的Ndff值显著高于夏黑/140Ru,对氮素利用和分配率也呈现相似的趋势。至果实转色期,2个砧穗组合都以果实中的Ndff值最高,分别达到0.880%和0.793%,其次为叶片和当年生枝,2个砧穗组合只在叶片和当年生枝中表现出显著性差异,其他器官差异不显著,但均以夏黑/3309M水平较高。随着物候期的推移,2个砧穗组合各器官对氮素的吸收利用率都在升高,但夏黑/140Ru的提升速率更为明显。至果实成熟期,2个砧穗组合仍以果实中的Ndff值最高,但在各器官中的Ndff值达到相近水平,全株果实成熟期氮素利用率差异也不显著,夏黑/140Ru和夏黑/3309M分别为15.406%和14.555%。综合比较,夏黑/3309M在春季施肥后,对氮肥的吸收响应较为迅速,而夏黑/140Ru较为滞后,果实生长发育阶段‘140Ru’向果实的氮素供应能力较强。在‘夏黑’葡萄生产上,‘140Ru’的氮素吸收利用特点更利于控制营养生长和生殖生长的平衡,适合作为嫁接砧木。 相似文献
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以"红颜"草莓苗为试材,采用~(15)N同位素示踪的方法,研究了不同等级草莓苗以及草莓苗母株和子苗间的~(15)N吸收、分配规律,以期为内蒙古冷凉地区草莓苗氮素营养管理措施提供参考。结果表明:草莓苗地上部的~(15)N征调能力强于根系。草莓苗对~(15)N征调能力的强弱顺序为母株一级子苗二级子苗三级子苗。切断匍匐茎后,母株地上部、根系和整个植株的~(15)N分配率显著升高,需分配到子苗中的氮素转而分配至母株本身各器官中,子苗对~(15)N的征调能力减弱,尤其是一级子苗的干物质质量、Ndff、~(15)N分配率和~(15)N利用率均显著降低。氮素营养通过匍匐茎在母株和子苗间可相互转运分配,母株转运至子苗的氮素供应量高于子苗转运至母株的氮素供应量。 相似文献
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对用不同中间砧组合的红星苹果幼苗,进行了枝条生长动态的调查和植株组织内~(45)Ca的吸收和分布研究。不同类型中间砧可影响植株枝条的生长量和生长波相。短节间和Mg中间砧组合停长期较早,长节间中间砧枝条生长旺盛,元帅中间砧枝条生长较缓慢,但生长波相与长节间组合一致。累积在叶片、枝条、茎部和根砧的~(45)Ca含量,随着部位的下移递增,~(45)Ca向不同部位皮层的转移要比向木质部的转移容易得多。不同中间砧组合之间相应的~(45)Ca含量以短节间和M_9组合最高,以长节间组合最低。组织内放射性元素~(45)Ca的累积量随中间砧的类型而异。 相似文献
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核桃环剥处理可显著提升花芽分化比例以及果实中碳水化合物的积累。在核桃主枝部位进行环剥处理,测定枝条生长,叶片光合特征、氧化酶及代谢合成相关酶活性,综合分析不同环剥处理对叶片光合产物累计和代谢的影响。结果表明,环剥处理节间长明显缩短,粗度明显增大,且营养枝节数显著增多,总花芽数增多。不同环剥处理花芽总数较对照分别增加27.1%、31.6%、33.1%;油脂转化期经过间隔环剥2圈（第1次环剥后30d环剥第2圈）处理,核桃叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量分别显著升高了18.49%和18.79%;环剥处理后的叶片相较于对照组均促进了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）、中性转化酶（NI）的酶活性。综合分析,生产上间隔环剥2圈处理能够提高叶片光合特性和代谢相关酶活性,促进光合产物的固定和蔗糖在枝条中的积累。 相似文献
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甜椒始花期氮素分配动态的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用15N 示踪技术研究了营养液培养甜椒始花期吸收的氮素在体内的动态分配规律。结果表明: 根与果实中氮的含量在始采期以后保持稳定; 而叶片中氮的含量则随生育进程迅速下降, 盛采期时与果实和根相近, 且两倍高于茎和侧枝。始花期由根吸收的标记氮主要贮存在叶片中, 2 周后向新生器官的运转率高达50. 6%, 4 周后达到57. 1%, 6 周后为58. 0%, 说明越是新近吸收的氮素越容易被再度运转到其它器官, 随着在体内时间的延长, 氮的再运转能力逐渐降低。开花后2 周收获的果实中标记氮占始花期吸收总量的3. 24%, 第3、4、6 周分别为11. 12%, 9. 49%和4. 75%。果实是甜椒体内氮的强力库, 氮素竞争力最强。 相似文献
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以3年生维纳斯黄金/M9苹果树为试材,利用同位素13C和15N示踪技术,研究了多中心干形树形与自由纺锤形对苹果13C和15N吸收、分配与利用的影响。结果表明,多中心干形和自由纺锤形的Ndff值均表现为果实>根系>叶片>枝条>主干,15N分配率均表现为叶片>枝条>根系>果实>主干,13C分配率均表现为叶片>枝条>主干>果实>根系。但各器官在数值间存在差异,自由纺锤形树体结构大,根系发达,各器官Ndff值与15N吸收量均比多中心干形高,15N利用率提高,枝条15N分配率提高;多中心干形果实15N分配率提高,根系和果实的13C分配率也均提高,平均单果重比自由纺锤形提高,可滴定酸含量降低。综上,维纳斯黄金/M9采用多中心干形具有削弱树势、提高果实15N和... 相似文献
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以5年生苹果烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,研究了萘乙酸（NAA）、乙烯及6–苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）对坐果和13C、15N利用分配的影响。结果表明：在中心果直径5 mm时（盛花后14 d）喷施10 mg ? L-1 NAA和600 mg ? L-1乙烯利的植株坐果率显著低于对照,而喷施100 mg ? L-1 6-BA的植株坐果率与对照差异不显著;NAA和乙烯利处理的植株13C和15N分配率规律一致,其果实13C分配率分别为1.11%和1.22%,15N分配率分别为0.39%和0.33%,显著低于对照（9.12%和7.29%）,而根系和枝13C分配率和15N分配率显著高于对照;NAA和乙烯利处理的植株Ndff值表现规律一致,提高了叶片、根系和枝对15N的征调能力,降低果实对15N的征调能力;与对照相比,NAA和乙烯利处理的植株15N利用率显著增加了2.35和2.37个百分点,促进了根系、叶片和枝的生长和对氮同化物的征调能力,6-BA处理与对照差异不显著。 相似文献
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E.K. Chacko Y.T.N. Reddy T.V. Ananthanarayanan 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):483-492
The optimum leaf number: fruit ratio in various mango cuitivars was sought by isolating individual fruits with known numbers of supporting leaves by shoot girdling. 14CO2 feeding experiments showed a higher rate of carbon fixation in the leaves of girdled shoots than of control shoots but the translocation of 14C assimilates to the developing fruits on the girdled and control shoots was comparable. Starch accumulation in the leaves was reduced by shoot girdling. The stomatal resistance of the leaves of girdled shoots was comparable to that of leaves on control shoots. In all the cuitivars studied it was observed that 30 leaves, the maximum available on a shoot, could not support the growth of a single fruit to normal size. The results also show that fruit development depends not only on the current assimilates but also to a great extent on reserves. The utilization of reserve metabolites from vegetative organs during the ‘on’ year could be a contributing factor towards biennial and erratic bearing. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(4):77-91
Abstract The optimum leaf number required for normal fruit growth in the regular bearing mango cultivar ‘Amrapali’ and the biennial bearing cultivars ‘Chausa’, ‘Dashehari’ and ‘Langra’ were studied by isolating individual fruits with known numbers of supporting leaves by shoot girdling at the time of fruit set. There were significant differences in the leaf area (249.01-1817.10 cm2), fresh weight (7.0-77.0 g) and dry weight (3.7-50.0 g) of leaves on shoots having 30, 20, 10 and 5 leaves as compared with control in different cultivars. In both types of cultivars, there was a progressive reduction in fruit size in terms of total fruit, pulp, peel, and seed weight with decreasing numbers of supporting leaves, however, a minimum reduction (2.4%) in fruit growth in ‘Amrapali’ was noticed with 30 supporting leaves. A nonsignificant difference in photosynthetic rate with varying number of leaves was found but its efficiency in leaves was higher in ‘Amrapali’ as compared with biennial bearing cultivars. Starch accumulation in the leaves was reduced by shoot girdling. The stomatal resistance of the leaves of girdled shoots was comparable with that of leaves on control shoots. In all the cultivars except ‘Amrapali’ it was observed that 30 leaves, the maximum retained on a shoot, could not support the growth of a single fruit to normal size. The data on rate of photosynthesis in different pool size of leaves and fruit growth in girdled and nongirdled shoots clearly show that fruit development depends not only on the current assimilates but also to a great extent on reserves. A 14CO2 feeding experiment showed a higher rate of carbon fixation in the leaves of girdled shoots than in the control shoots, but the translocation of 14C assimilated to the developing fruits on the girdled and control shoots was comparable. The results also indicated that developing fruits are major sinks for current photosynthates as more than 60 percent of the 14C exported from the treated leaf was found in the fruit in all instances. 相似文献
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以7年生红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.‘RedFuji’)/平邑甜茶(Malushupehensis)为试材,研究枝条下垂处理对春季土施15N尿素的吸收、分配与利用的影响。结果表明:枝条下垂处理植株的根系从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对根系全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)均低于对照,其中细根在多个物候期差异显著,而粗根在果实膨大期后差异显著;中短梢及中短梢叶的Ndff差异不显著;处理果实及长梢和长梢叶的Ndff在果实采收前均显著低于对照;处理植株多年生器官的Ndff在果实采收后显著高于对照。从15N分配率看,处理植株的中短梢一直显著高于对照,果实在膨大期后显著高于对照;长梢在果实采收前显著低于对照。处理植株的15N利用率低于对照,在果实膨大期后差异显著,两者植株15N利用率在果实采收后分别为21.083%和26.495%。 相似文献
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Mature ‘on’ and ‘off’ ‘Manzanillo’ olives trees with three healthy branches of 10–12 cm in diameter were selected to determine changes in nitrogen levels in the bearing shoots after foliar application of urea. Each selected branch of each tree received one of the following treatments: (i) control without urea application; (ii) foliar application of urea to all the current-season leaves; and (iii) foliar application of urea to all the one-year-old leaves. Urea was applied in May, four days after full bloom in the ‘on’ year trees. Each treated leaf was immersed in a test tube containing a 4% urea solution and 0.1% Tween 20 for 5 s. Bearing shoots, composed of both one-year stems and leaves and current-season stems and leaves, were collected at intervals from the beginning of the experiment until 64 days after urea application. Nitrogen was determined in stems and leaves from each part of the bearing shoot, and in fruits during the ‘on’ year. Nitrogen uptake from the leaves was rapidly mobilized from the older to the current-season leaves of the bearing shoot, and thereafter to other storage organs of the tree or to the fruit, which is the largest nitrogen sink in the bearing shoot. No translocation of nitrogen from the current-season leaves to older leaves was observed. The rapid translocation of nitrogen from the younger leaves to other storage organs of the tree could explain the insensitivity of leaf analysis to detect excess nitrogen, since mature leaves from current-season shoots must be sampled to determine the nutritional status of the tree. The failure of leaf analysis to detect excess nitrogen may be a cause of nitrogen over-fertilization in olive orchards. 相似文献
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以2年生‘红灯’(Prunus avium L.‘Hongdeng’)/东北山樱(Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.)为试材,研究了不同短截程度对13C和15N分配和利用的影响。结果表明,新梢生长期,短截处理修剪促进了碳水化合物向根系分配,极重度短截处理使叶片和新梢中13C分配率分别减少了29.15%和7.3%,粗根和细根中13C分配率增加了46.65%和48.43%。随着时间的推移,短截处理的叶片和新梢的13C分配率均显著高于对照,多年生枝干的13C分配率随短截程度的增加而减小,根系的13C分配率以中短截最低,极重度短截最高。各处理15N利用率从高到底依次为中度短截对照极重度短截,在新梢停长期差别最大,3个处理15N利用率分别为6.91%、5.54%和3.60%;多年生枝干15N分配率随短截程度的增加而减小,短截处理叶片和新梢的15N分配率随短截程度的增加而增加。 相似文献
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J.D. Quinlan A.P. Preston 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):525-534
Fruit set was increased by removing all shoots 5 days after full bloom and at weekly intervals thereafter from trees of Sunset and Laxton’s Fortune, but removing shoots from Fortune trees 25 days after full bloom produced no beneficial effect on fruit retention. All treatments resulted in a heavier rate of fruit shedding during the ‘June drop’ period than occurred from control trees, and at harvest the trees without shoots had fewer fruits, and lower yields, than the controls. In a comparison of shoot removal and shoot tip removal starting 15 days after full bloom on Fortune trees, both treatments improved set, but whereas shoot removal caused a heavier ‘June drop’ compared with untreated trees, shoot tip removal increased the number of fruits retained to harvest and produced a yield increase. The difference between the two treatments in their influence on fruit retention, during and after the ‘June drop’, is accounted for by the beneficial effect of a relatively small number of leaves on each tipped shoot. Studies on the pattern of distribution of photosynthates, using 14CO2 and autoradiography, produced results supporting the concept of competition between fruits and shoots and also showed changes in the pattern of assimilate movement brought about by shoot tip removal. It is concluded that competition between fruits and shoots, occurring during blossoming and the following 2–3 weeks, may limit fruit set, but the presence of shoot leaves is beneficial to fruit retention in the later part of the season, particularly during the ‘June drop’ period. 相似文献
19.
在田间条件下研究了‘肥城桃’、‘红玉杏’萌芽前枝条对~(18)N—尿素的吸收及萌芽后的运转分布规律。结果表明:1.萌芽前‘肥城桃’和‘红玉杏’枝条对~(18)N—尿素具有一定的吸收能力,随着时间推移,吸收利用率有所上升,至6月2日二者分别可达27%～32%和29%.2.无论是桃或杏,对未着果的果枝来说,其新植叶片为萌芽前枝条所吸收~(18)N 最重要的“库”.3.对着果的果枝来说,果实为最重要的~(18)N“库”.4.果实能加强新生器官对于萌芽前枝条所吸收~(18)N 的“库”的作用. 相似文献
20.
以早熟温州蜜柑为试材,连续4a(2008～2011)调查早熟温州蜜柑的开花结果习性,对其开花坐果动态影响因素进行研究。结果表明:各类结果母枝的开花量和坐果率有明显差异,早秋梢结果母枝、夏梢结果母枝和晚秋梢结果母枝的效果之间,有叶花的坐果率与有叶花的坐果量之间存在显著差异水平,而晚秋梢结果母枝与春梢结果母枝的效果之间不存在显著差异水平;1a有4次落花落果高峰期:第1次发生在5月13～27日;第2次发生在6月9～16日;第3次发生在8月11～18日;第4次发生在10月6～13日;在结果母梢上不同营养梢比例直接影响坐果率,营养梢的比例越小,其坐果率越高;栽植密度大或蛆花率大的果园,坐果率都较低;不同结果母枝长度能够影响坐果率;有叶花枝的叶片数量影响坐果率,4片叶的坐果率最高;留梢的位置在母枝的顶端和控制营养梢的数量越大,其效果越明显;建议生产上提高树体有叶花的比例和调节营养梢的发生量,从而缓解梢果矛盾和提高坐果率。 相似文献