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琯溪蜜柚施用硝酸磷肥的试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、材料与方法试验基本情况：本试验选在小溪镇盾丘村6年生的抽园，试验地为水稻上，土壤质地较松软，排灌条件较好。供试的硝酸磷肥是山西省天脊集团公司生产的，尿素是福建三明市化工总厂生产的，过磷酸钙是福建平和县磷肥厂产的，氯化钾为加拿大产的。试验设计：设施用硝酸磷肥与施等养分单质氮磷（用尿素、过磷酸钙）进行对比。选择树体大小、树势一致的抽树供试验，施硝酸磷肥和施等养分单质氮磷作对照（下称对照区）各50棵。施肥方法与数量：施硝酸磷肥区每棵袖树年施6公斤，氯化钾2公斤。对照区年棵施尿素3．4公斤，过磷酸钙6公斤，… 相似文献
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福建省平和县香蕉种植面积8万亩，年产香蕉18百万吨，香蕉产量居全省首位．为探讨硝酸磷肥施用香蕉的生产效应，我县特进行香蕉施用山西省无脊集团公司生产的硝酸磷肥田间试验，现把试验的结果报道于下：一、材料与方法1、试验地的选择：试验设在我县小溪镇后丘村，试验地土壤为水稻土，肥力中上，灌排条件好，海拔高度45米．2、试验设计：调施硝酸磷肥与施等养分单质氮磷（尿素、过磷酸钙）进行对比。选择蕉苗（吸芽）生长一致的种植供试验．施用硝酸磷肥与施用等养分单质氮磷的香蕉各350株．供试的硝酸磷是山西省天脊集团公司生产的，尿素… 相似文献
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水溶性磷肥在茶园土壤中的转化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
过磷酸钙是茶叶生产中最常用的水溶性磷肥。这类磷肥由于很容易被土壤中铁、铝、钙等离子固定,因而肥效往往较低,这在富含铁、铝离子的酸性茶园土壤上表现尤为显著。茶园土壤上磷肥利用率较低,不仅限制茶叶产量和品质的提高,而且造成生产投入上的很大浪费。因此,了解水溶性磷在茶园土壤中的吸附、固定和转化过程,对于正确指导茶园合理施用磷肥,提高磷肥的经济效益具有一定的实际意义。本试验采用室内培养法,模拟水溶性磷肥在茶园土壤中的 相似文献
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一、磷肥的增产效应 磷在花生生理功能上的重要性,已为许多研究所证实,但施用磷肥对花生产量的效应,在全世界范围内却存在着解释上的混乱,这除了因土壤、品种、气象及栽培条件所造成的差异外,更重要的是几乎所有试验所采用的材料是含有Ca、P、S三种元素的过磷酸钙,在缺乏上述三种营养元素中任何一者的土壤上,施用过磷酸钙一般都会有良好的产量反应,所谓花生对磷肥的反应,通常所指的是花生对过磷酸钙的反应,或对Ca、P、S三者的综合反应。P素的单独效应,至今仍含混不清。 相似文献
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南方双季稻区土壤酸化日益严重，已经成为制约水稻产量提升的主要因素之一。大量研究表明，施用石灰可以改良土壤酸化和提高水稻产量，但目前关于石灰施用对当地稻米品质的影响研究较少，且不同石灰类物质的施用效果是否存在差异还不是很清楚。于2021年在江西省典型酸性双季稻田上开展田间试验，旨在明确施用不同石灰类物质（氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙）对优质稻（早稻为柒两优2012、晚稻为美香占2号）产量和米质的影响。结果表明，不同石灰类物质间的施用效果无显著差异，且施用石灰类物质对早稻产量、品质和氮素吸收亦无显著影响。但与不施石灰对照相比，施用氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙处理的晚稻显著增产11.3%、17.3%和17.6%，氮素吸收显著增加16.6%、17.1%和13.5%，精米率和整精米率分别显著提高1.3%～2.1%和6.1%～6.3%，直链淀粉含量显著下降4.7%～4.8%。与不施石灰对照相比，施用氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙处理的早季稻田土壤pH值分别显著提升0.52、0.42和0.50个单位，晚季稻田土壤pH分别显著提升0.41、0.57和0.48个单位。可见，在酸性双季稻田上施用石灰类物质，在改良土壤酸... 相似文献
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磷肥与有机肥配施对土壤-花生系统磷素及花生产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探求适合河南省花生产区磷与有机肥合理的配施比例,采用田间试验研究不同磷用量（45、90和135 kg/hm2）与有机肥用量（0.75、1.50和2.25 t/hm2）配施对花生产量及磷素吸收、土壤Hedley各磷素形态含量与分配及磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,相同磷用量下,与2.25 t/hm2有机肥用量相比,0.75和1.50 t/hm2有机肥用量下,花生产量显著提高8.2%~11.8%,地上部干物质重显著降低17.1%~64.3%;相同有机肥用量下,增施磷肥显著增加花生地上部生物量,但对产量无显著影响。花生不同部位磷含量对磷与有机肥配施的响应表现为,中高量有机肥和磷肥处理分别显著高于低量有机肥和磷肥处理,而中量和高量有机肥、磷肥处理间差异因植株部位不同而异。土壤不同磷组分对磷与有机肥的响应存在差异,其中活性磷组分（H2O-P和NaHCO3-Pi）和中等稳定性磷组分（NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po）含量随磷肥与有机肥用量增加而增加,土壤稳定性磷组分（HCl-P和Residual-P）随磷肥与有机肥用量变化差异不显著。有机肥和磷肥对土壤磷酸酶的影响不同,增加有机肥能显著提高土壤磷酸酶活性,但增施磷肥抑制土壤磷酸酶活性。综合而言,磷肥与有机肥合理配施能显著提高花生产量、花生各部位磷素含量、土壤活性磷含量及土壤磷酸酶活性,过量施用有机肥和磷肥均可造成花生营养生长过旺,产量下降,还不利于提高花生体内磷含量。本试验条件下在施用45 kg/hm2磷肥基础上配施0.75~1.5 t/hm2的有机饼肥有利于改善土壤-花生系统磷素营养,促进花生产量提高,可在豫南砂姜黑土花生种植区示范应用。 相似文献
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田间低钾胁迫条件下水稻对钾的吸收和利用效率 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过田间试验,研究了在不同程度低钾胁迫条件下,杂交稻和常规稻在不同生育阶段对钾的吸收、分配和利用效率。在连续8季施氮、磷肥而不施钾肥的严重低钾胁迫条件下,施用钾肥使稻谷产量、水稻钾吸收总量显著增加而钾利用效率显著降低,同时表现出明显的耕作历史同施用钾肥间的交互作用。从幼穗分化期到抽穗期,水稻钾的积累量约占总积累量的一半以上,为水稻积累钾的关键时期。水稻对钾肥反应存在明显的品种间差异,在供钾充足条件下,杂交稻协优46的钾吸收量显著大于常规稻秀水11,但其钾利用效率却显著低于秀水11,表现出对钾的奢侈性吸收;在缺K条件下,杂交稻的钾吸收量低于常规稻,其钾利用效率与常规稻无明显差异。运用混合型离子交换树脂球测试法,可以了解淹水条件下土壤中生物有效性钾的动态变化特征,原地埋置7 d的树脂球的钾吸附量同水稻地上部分钾吸收量呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):491-500
AbstractRice has a vital role in food security but the production is limited in infertile and degraded soils. Rice is cultivated on acid sulphate soil in the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia. Soil amendment using biological charcoal (biochar) increases the soil fertility. Thus, empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) was applied in a pot experiment under a controlled environment using an organic system of rice intensification (SRI) practice and its effects on the floodwater pH, acid sulphate soil properties and growth performance of rice and yield of rice MR219 were preliminarily investigated. EFBB increased grain yield by 141 to 472%. Plant growth and yield parameters in EFBB amended soils were significantly higher than in soil without biochar. The number of tillers increased significantly with the increase in biochar applied; 28 tillers were produced in the control, while up to 80 tillers were produced in the plots applied 40 t ha–1 EFBB. Moreover, the decline of Al3+ in flood water indicated that EFBB mitigated Al3+ toxicity. Soil water pH increased from 3.5 to 6 with increasing EFBB application rates. The grain yield was linearly correlated to the application rate of EFBB. This pot study demonstrates that the application of EFBB combined with organic fertilization and intermittent irrigation has the potential to improve rice yield on acid sulphate soil. Further study in the field is warranted to determine the effect of EFBB on large scale rice production. 相似文献
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A series of twenty-one trials was undertaken during 1985–1988 to investigate the effect on lowland silage crops of 0, 40 or 80 kg ha−1 phosphate (P2 O5 ) fertilizer applied as triple superphosphate (46% P2 O5 ) in the autumn, spring or as a split application (spring and after first cut). All sites had moderate to high sodium bicarbonate-extractable soil phosphorus contents (18–34 mg P 1−1 in air-dried soil).
Significant yield responses were obtained at eight of the forty-two individual cuts (two cuts per site). When meaned over all sites, spring or autumn applied phosphate increased dry matter yield at both first and second cut (mean total increase 0·32 t ha−1 ), though the effect was significant only at the highest phosphate rate. The time of phosphate application had no overall effect on yield. Herbage P concentration and phosphate off take were significantly increased at both cuts by both rates of phosphate. Generally, the most recent application had a significantly greater effect than other timings. These findings indicate that DM yield responses to freshly available phosphate can occur on soils of moderate P status. 相似文献
Significant yield responses were obtained at eight of the forty-two individual cuts (two cuts per site). When meaned over all sites, spring or autumn applied phosphate increased dry matter yield at both first and second cut (mean total increase 0·32 t ha
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):417-421
SummaryGlasshouse nutrient omission trials are useful in identifying nutrient limitations for plant growth in soils under the same environmental conditions. Soils of low fertility are commonly used for production of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the crop often encounters water stress. Nutrient requirements may be modified when standing water disappears from the field. Two experiments with rice seedlings were conducted in a glasshouse at Ubon Rice Research Center, Thailand, to identify the nutrients which limit rice growth in soils of Northeast Thailand, and to determine whether nutrient limitations are affected by water availability. In Experiment 1, rice was grown on two soils (Roi et and Ubon series) under well-watered and water-limiting conditions, and 15 nutrient treatments were imposed. In Experiment 2, six soils from Northeast Thailand were examined using the same 15 nutrient treatments. The nutrients which clearly limited the growth of rice plants in soils of Northeast Thailand were nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In some cases, potassium (K) and sulfur (S) also limited growth, and in one soil zinc (Zn) and boron (B) also limited growth. A shortage of N was the most important limitation for plant growth in all soils except one in which P was more important. The low supply of P decreased plant height and leaf area development during early growth ; low N supply had a greater effect later during growth. The omission of P had a larger detrimental effect on growth when water supply was limited. In the Roi et soil, the omission of S had a large effect on leaf area and total dry matter production only under water stress conditions, but this was not found in the other soils examined. These results from glasshouse studies show that the nutrients limiting rice growth depend on soil type and water availability in soils of Northeast Thailand. 相似文献
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S.M. Haefele Y. KonboonW. Wongboon S. AmaranteA.A. Maarifat E.M. PfeifferC. Knoblauch 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(3):430-440
Although crop residues constitute an enormous resource, actual residue management practices in rice-based systems have various negative side effects and contribute to global warming. The concept of a combined bioenergy/biochar system could tackle these problems in a new way. Rice residues would be used for energy production, thereby reducing field burning and the use of fossil fuels, and the biochar by-product could help to improve soils, avoid methane emissions, and sequester carbon in soils. To examine some of these promises, we conducted field experiments from 2005 to 2008 in three different rice production systems. Objectives were to study the effect of biochar from rice husks on soil characteristics, assess the stability of carbonized rice residues in these different systems, and evaluate the agronomic effect of biochar applications. The results showed that application of untreated and carbonized rice husks (RH and CRH) increased total organic carbon, total soil N, the C/N ratio, and available P and K. Not significant or small effects were observed for soil reaction, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, and the CEC. On a fertile soil, the high C/N ratio of CRH seemed to have limited N availability, thereby slightly reducing grain yields in the first three seasons after application. On a poor soil, where the crop also suffered from water stress, soil chemical and physical improvements increased yields by 16-35%. Together with a parallel study including methane and CO2 emission measurements at one site, the results strongly suggest that CRH is very stable in various rice soils and systems, possibly for thousands of years. However, the study also showed that CRH was very mobile in some soils. Especially in poor sandy soil, about half of the applied carbon seemed to have moved below 0.30 m in the soil profile within 4 years after application. We concluded that biochar from rice residues can be beneficial in rice-based systems but that actual effects on soil fertility, grain yield, and soil organic carbon will depend on site-specific conditions. Long-term studies on biochar in field trials seem essential to better understand biochar effects and to investigate its behavior in soils. 相似文献
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Reducing rice field algae and cyanobacteria abundance by altering phosphorus fertilizer applications
In California’s water-seeded rice systems, algal/cyanobacterial biomass can be a problem during rice establishment and can lead to yield reductions. Laboratory, enclosure, and field-scale experiments were established to evaluate the effects of fertilizer P management on algal/cyanobacterial growth. Two field-scale experiments evaluated the response of algal/cyanobacterial growth to three P management strategies: conventional surface applied, incorporated into the soil, and delaying P applications by 30 days. Results from these experiments indicated rice fields that received conventional surface-applied P fertilizer had 4–8 times more algal/cyanobacterial biomass and 3–11 times higher concentrations of soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) than those in which P fertilizer was incorporated or delayed. Laboratory experiments evaluated the ability of field water to support growth of Nostoc spongiaeforme. Results indicate that water from the incorporated or delayed P application fields was P limited for N. spongiaeforme growth. Water from the surface-applied fields was not P limited. Enclosure experiments evaluated the effects of delayed P applications on algal/cyanobacterial biomass and rice yields. Algal/cyanobacterial cover and biomass increased in enclosures which received added P. Soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were also significantly greater in these enclosures. Delaying the application by up to 28 days did not reduce rice yields in the enclosures. One management implication is that reducing SRP concentrations early in the season in rice field water will result in reduced algal/cyanobacterial biomass. Strategies to reduce water SRP include incorporating fertilizer P or delaying the P application by up to 30 days. 相似文献
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2018年早稻季在典型的酸性红壤双季稻田开展小区试验,探究石灰对红壤稻田油菜秸秆腐解、养分释放及早稻产量的影响。结果表明,施用石灰或油菜秸秆还田均显著提高早稻产量,且二者具有显著的互作效应。施用石灰显著促进了油菜秸秆还田后前中期的腐解和氮素释放,而对磷和钾元素的释放无显著影响。油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰能促进早稻分蘖成穗、地上部养分（氮、磷、钾）吸收及干物质积累,提高总颖花量,从而扩大有效穗数和每穗粒数。可见,在酸性红壤稻田,油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰可加速自身腐解与氮素释放,实现水稻增产。 相似文献
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Youzun Xu Lixiao Nie Roland J. Buresh Jianliang Huang Kehui Cui Bo Xu Weihua Gong Shaobing Peng 《Field Crops Research》2010,115(1):79-84
In double rice-cropping system in China, zero tillage in late-season rice with straw return from early season rice is an emerging technology for saving inputs, shortening the lag time between rice crops, avoiding straw burning, and conserving natural resources. The objective of this 2-year field study was to determine the effects of tillage and straw return on N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency of late-season rice. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four combinations of tillage and straw return as main plots and three N management practices as subplots. Tillage was either conventional soil puddling or zero tillage with newly harvested crop residue from early season rice either removed or placed on the soil surface without incorporation. The N treatments were zero-N control, site-specific N management (SSNM), and farmers’ N-fertilizer practice (FFP). Straw return regardless of tillage or N management did not reduce rice yield. In the second year, straw return significantly increased grain yield in the zero-N control. Chlorophyll meter readings at heading and total N uptake at maturity were higher with straw return in the zero-N control, suggesting that straw provides nutrients to rice in the late growing period. Zero tillage did not reduce N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency compared with conventional tillage. Despite large differences in timing and rate of N application between FFP and SSNM, these two N treatments resulted in comparable N uptake and grain yield of late-season rice regardless of tillage and straw return. These results suggest that zero tillage after early rice with straw return could replace conventional tillage for late rice in the double rice-cropping system in China. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):284-292
AbstractThe suitability of anaerobically-digested manure (ADM) from a biogas plant, as an alternative to chemical fertilizers for rice cultivation was evaluated by a long-term study. At the standard nitrogen (N) application rate (10 g m?2), the aboveground biomass, N uptake, and grain yield in rice plots with ADM application (MF) were not significantly different from those in the plots treated with chemical fertilizer (CF). Split application of ADM improved the apparent N efficiency. The N application rate corresponding to maximum grain yield was approximately 15 g m?2 by a split application, and more N application by using ADM saturated grain yield due to decrease in ripened grain ratio and individual grain weight. On the whole, the soil total-C, total-N and available N in the MF plot were not significantly different from those in the CF plot. The available phosphate (P) levels was lower in the MF plot than in either the CF plot or plot without N application (NF), mainly due to lower content of P in ADM. However, the P level remained much higher than the fatal threshold level for the growth of paddy rice. These findings suggest that under appropriate fertilization conditions, ADM is a valuable organic resource, and can be used continuously as an alternative to chemical fertilization for rice cultivation, without substantial changes in soil C and N fertility. 相似文献
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湖北省油菜磷肥施用效果 与土壤速效磷分级标准研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
近两年在湖北省油菜主产区布置27个油菜大田施磷试验。试验统计结果表明,油菜施用磷肥具有明显 的增产和增收效果, 25 个试验施磷增产效果在5%以上,施磷增产油菜籽产量15 ～1 783kg/hm2 ,平均增产量 558kg/hm2 ,平均增产率为53. 0% ,每千克P2O5 平均增收油菜籽6. 2kg;施磷的纯利润平均为831. 6元/hm2 ,产投比 平均为3. 10。油菜施磷增产幅度与土壤速效磷含量呈极显著负相关。按照不施磷对照处理产量占施磷处理产量 的50%、75%和90%作为判断土壤缺磷标准,则土壤速效磷极度缺乏、严重缺乏和缺乏的指标分别为9. 9mg/kg、 14. 3mg/kg和20. 2mg/kg;以施磷产投比2. 0和1. 0作为土壤缺磷标准时,土壤速效磷严重缺乏和缺乏的指标分别 为16. 2mg/kg和20. 2mg/kg。 相似文献