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春花生苗期,徐淮地区多为干旱少雨天气,有利于蚜虫发生和病毒病流行。本地区以斑驳病毒病为主,一般年份,7月上中旬发病率即达90％以上,给花生生产带来很大损失。从1981—1986年,我们进行了病害的防治试验和示范。现将结果报告如下。 材料和方法 一、种子来源:①无病种子是在防虫网室或温室中收获的健株种子。②低毒种子是在隔离区中用地膜栽培经拔除病苗后收获的种子。③粒选种子是从普通种子中选取的粒大饱满的一级种。④普通种子为一般生产用种。上述种子经网室内测定,种子传毒率分别为0,0.4％以下,1～2％,3～5％。 相似文献
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向日葵种子蛋白质的微量提取和双向电泳技术研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从向日葵干种子的中轴(包括胚芽、胚轴及胚根)和子叶的微量样品中提取蛋白质的技术进行了研究,并在此基础上对提取的蛋白质进行了SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶为基础的单向和双向电泳分析,获得清晰的电泳图谱.结果显示:向日葵胚中轴与子叶样品中的蛋白质存在明显差别,而子叶的上部、中部和下部的蛋白质图谱比较相似.通过进一步的双向电泳对比分析可知,胚中轴与子叶的蛋白质相似性系数为0.785,两种组织均具有特异性蛋白质;胚中轴特异蛋白质有18种,子叶特异蛋白质有10种.这些研究结果为进一步的组织特异性蛋白质鉴定及研究子叶和胚中轴的发育机理,以及开展向日葵种子蛋白质组学的研究奠定了实验基础,同时对农业生产中种子纯度鉴定、种子生活力检验及种子发芽实验亦可能具有研究和利用价值. 相似文献
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大豆种子发育过程中差异表达蛋白的蛋白质组分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用蛋白质组学技术研究了大豆N2899种子发育过程中蛋白质的差异表达。运用PDQuest软件比较分析不同发育时期（15,20,30,40,50 DAF和成熟种子）大豆种子蛋白的双向电泳图谱,在考染的2-D胶上共检测到337个蛋白点。有些蛋白质在整个发育过程中都出现,而另外一些只出现在发育早期或成熟的种子中。利用基质辅助-激光解吸／电离-飞行时间-质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）技术,分析了不同发育时期30个差异表达蛋白,并用Pro-found（http：／／www．prowl．rockefeller．edu）工具,对质谱产生的肽质量指纹（PMF）数据进行NCBInr数据库检索,结果鉴定了18个蛋白质。比较发现,这些蛋白主要参与种子的成熟（如伴豆球蛋白）、逆境胁迫反应（如抗坏血酸过氧化酶）、细胞分裂（如Skp1）和蛋白运输（如钙网蛋白）等。研究表明,种子发育过程十分复杂,所鉴定的蛋白质,可为从分子水平上研究大豆种子发育进程中蛋白的积累和调控奠定基础。 相似文献
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大豆种子发育过程中脂肪酸积累模式研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对夏大豆种子发育过程中脂肪酸的累积过程进行了研究.研究表明,大豆种子发育早期有6种脂肪酸,成熟期减少为5种.成熟期的种子亚油酸和油酸占全部脂肪酸的80%以上,棕榈油酸发育中途消失.大豆种子脂肪酸总量呈升-降-升的Z字型变化模式.此外,本文通过对脂肪酸组分的相关性及主成份分析,对大豆种子发育过程中脂肪酸的积累模式进行了探讨,发现大豆种子发育过程中油酸与亚油酸呈同步积累,高度正相关,在脂肪酸组成中具支配地位,推测SAD和FAD2两种酶在决定大豆含油量方面可能具有决定性作用. 相似文献
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胚乳裂纹对玉米种子萌发过程中保护酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以玉米杂交种种子为试验材料,研究胚乳无裂纹、胚乳单裂纹、胚乳双裂纹和胚乳龟裂文种子在萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）3种保护酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量和细胞膜透性的变化规律。结果表明,随着种子萌发进程推进,其SOD、POD、CAT活性和细胞膜透性均呈逐步上升趋势,保护酶活性升高幅度表现为POD最大、CAT次之、SOD最小;不同胚乳裂纹类型种子在萌发过程中,其保护酶活性均表现为龟裂文种子 <双裂纹种子 <单裂纹种子 <无裂纹种子。种子萌发过程中其MDA含量呈逐步下降的变化趋势,并表现为龟裂文种子中MDA含量最高,双裂纹的种子次之,无裂纹的种子最低。说明胚乳裂纹对种子萌发代谢具有不利影响,在种子生产中应该减少胚乳裂纹产生。 相似文献
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当今世界农业竞争的焦点逐渐集中到种子,各国都在加强研究,竞争日趋激烈,不少国家把培育良种、提高种子质量视为一项重要战略,并通过许多大企业介入种子的培育和生产,使种子不但成为一种产业,而且成为出口的拳头产品。河南省信阳市是国家绿肥紫云英种子生产基地,1981年开始承担出口紫云英种子任务,在完成种子出口工作过程中, 相似文献
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Seed crops of perennial ryegrass S321 and tetraploid hybrid ryegrass Sabrina were sprayed with 3 pt diquat in 30 gal. water/ac (4.21 diquat in 337 1 water/ha) a few days before the normal date for harvest. Very low germination values were obtained wben the harvested seed was later tested and the production of abnormal seedlings from the treated crops was attributed to the presence of diquat in the seed. On the basis of these results the use of diquat is not recommended as a pre-harvest desiccant for ryegrass seed crops. 相似文献
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大豆种子吸胀时内含物外渗及其与种子活力的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆种子吸胀期间有明显的溶质外渗现象,本研究表明:种子在低渗透势溶液中吸胀,有利于细胞膜系统的修复和完整性建立,其外渗液的相对电导和[K~+]较低,种子活力指数提高;种子在-1.1860 MPa溶液中吸胀48小时效果最佳,此时相对电导为4.3％,[K~+]为42ppm,活力指数为1.168;外渗液的相对电导和[K~+]与活力指数之间呈Y=1/(a+bx)的函数关系,相关系数分别为0.9847和0.9548,均达极显著水平,两者可作为种子活力的测定方法。 相似文献
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大豆种子泥膜蔓生性和种皮色的遗传及其与蛋白质含量的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文应用6个种间杂交组合研究了种子泥膜、种皮色和蔓生性的遗传以及它们各自与籽粒蛋白质含量的相关。结果表明:种子泥膜的遗传存在基因互补作用,蔓生性是数量性状;种皮色遗传较复杂。种子泥膜和种皮色基本上与籽粒蛋白质含量无关;蔓生性与蛋白质含量有一定相关。 相似文献
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A survey, covering some 140 fields, totalling 1540 acres, in Kent was conducted in 1961 on the effect of different methods of management on yields of perennial ryegrass and white clover seed. The main results were: (a) the majority of seed growers harvested seed from short-term leys and only a limited acreage of permanent pasture was used for producing seed. Yields of both ryegrass and clover seed were considerably higher on the younger leys; (b) the highest seed yields in 1961 were obtained from fields where sheep grazing was stopped on 24 May. However, a large number of growers continued sheep grazing well after this date: (c) mechanical defoliation, especially when used to supplement sheep grazing, proved an effective method for producing high yields of clover seed; (d) honey bees are important in increasing seed yields, particularly on recently sown leys; (e) combine harvesting from the swath was the most common method of harvesting and no instance of the use of tripods was reported. Seed yields from baling methods were generally low, but direct combining produced a high average yield of clover seed. From these results it was concluded that there was much scope for raising the general level of clover seed yields, especially by giving greater attention to details of management. 相似文献
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Physical data, from an experiment to determine the effect of drying on the quality of S48 timothy seed, are used to derive an equation relating the average drying rate of the seed to the temperature and flow of the drying air. The relationship, which can be of use in practical problems, demonstrates the importance of air temperature in determining the drying rate, particularly when compared with similar Jula for wheat. 相似文献
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SEED FORMATION IN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
R. C. Anslow 《Grass and Forage Science》1964,19(3):349-357
During the interval from seed set to advanced shedding in a crop of S24 perennial rye-grass, a study was made of: seed drying, the increase in germinating capacity and weight of seed, and the shedding of florets. The seed in early-emerged heads dried more rapidly than that in later heads, and the seed in the upper parts of each spike was drier than in the lower parts. Seeds in early heads attained maximum germination values about 18 days after anthesis. The maximum value was lower in later heads and was not reached until approximately 26 days. Seed in early heads was 67% heavier than that in late heads and the basal florets in each spikelet contained heavier seed than more distal ones. The maximum weight of individual seeds was reached at about the same time in early-emerged and intermediate heads, at about 22 to 26 days after anthesis. Seed in late heads continued to inerease during the whole interval studied. Shedding began before seed reached maximum dry weight and continued at a constant rate. The combination of these processes led to the maximum yield of seed, of 100% germination, being obtainable over a period between 20 and 26 days after anthesis. Criteria are given which would permit this stage to be recognized. 相似文献
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WILD WHITE CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Field experiments on the management of ryegrass/white-clover pastures for seed production were carried out from 1958 to 1961. Replicated trials with 1 /6 -acre plots compared continuous grazing, rotational grazing and cutting once at the silage stage of growth as methods of pasture management from April to June. An additional mechanical method, gang mowing, was introduced in 1960 and Hayter mowing was used in 1961. In 1958 to 1960 the treatments were studied with and without the application of 70 lb nitrogen per acre. Clover flower heads per square foot, clover seed and ryegrass seed yields were greatest under continuous grazing, although in some years comparable results were obtained from the mechanical defoliation treatments. There were substantial differences between potential and harvested clover seed yields, the latter ranging from 20% to 75% of the potential yield. The weight of ryegrass seed harvested was highest under continuous grazing and least under the cutting treatments. The nitrogenous fertilizer increased the production of herbage dry matter and of ryegrass seed, but greatly reduced clover seed yields. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of weather on the incidence of flowering and the influence of methods of defoliation on flower-bud emergence. It is concluded that mechanical methods of defoliation can produce yields similar to those obtained under continuous grazing, provided that cutting is carried out at the correct stage of growth. 相似文献