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1.
选用60头平均体重28．3kg的杜长大杂种猪，随机分成2组，每组30头。在生长期（28～58kg）每组分成3圈（重复），每圈10头；在肥育期（58～95kg）每组分成6圈（重复），每圈5头。试验组饲粮中添加植酸酶750FTU／kg（FTU为植酸酶的活性单位），对照组饲粮中不添加植酸酶。生长期和肥育期饲粮钙磷比分别为1．15：1和1．18：1。试验结果显示，（1）饲粮中添加植酸酶使生长期、肥育期和生长肥育全期的平均日增重显著提高（P〈0．05），对平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响（P〉0．05）；（2）添加植酸酶对胴体和肌肉品质的影响不明显（P〉0．05）；（3）添加植酸酶对生长期养分（干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷）的消化率无显著影响（P〉0．05），但显著提高肥育期养分的消化率（P〈0．01）；（4）添加植酸酶未能提高生长期养分的吸收量（P〉0．05），但显著提高肥育期粗灰分（P〈0．01）和磷（P〈0．05）的吸收量；（5）添加植酸酶使生长期粪中铜的含量显著降低（P〈0．05），但对其他养分含量无显著影响（P〉0．05），添加植酸酶对肥育期粪中养分含量无显著影响（P〉0．05）；（6）添加植酸酶对生长期粪中养分的排泄量均无显著影响（P〉0．05），但有减少铜排泄量的趋势（P〉0．05），添加植酸酶使肥育期磷的排泄量显著降低（P〈0．05），并有降低氮和金属微量元素（铜、锌、铁、锰）排泄量的趋势（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明，饲粮中添加植酸酶可促进猪生长肥育期的增重，提高肥育期对养分的消化利用，降低生长期粪中铜的含量，减少肥育期粪中磷的排泄量；添加植酸酶对胴体和肌肉品质无不良影响。  相似文献   

2.
本试验研究添加甜味剂和一种新型诱食剂（商品名：美食佳）对断奶仔猪和生长肥育猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明：在仔猪阶段,与对照组相比,甜味剂组和美食佳组日采食量分别提高7．04％和10．54％,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,甜味剂组和美食佳组均显著提高日增重（P〈0．05）,降低料肉比（P〈0．05）;但在提高仔猪生产性能方面。甜味剂组和美食佳组之间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。甜味剂和美食佳都有提高生长肥育猪日采食量、日增重和饲料转化率的趋势,但效果不显著。  相似文献   

3.
选24头33kg左右的“杜洛克×长白×太湖”三元杂交猪，分成4组，每组6头。研究了黑麦草替代10％（T1）、15％（T2）、20％（T3）的精料对生长肥育猪的生长性能的影响，结果表明：试验组T1、T2、T3猪的日增重分别比对照组（C）提高17．57％（P〈0．01）、13．03％（P〈0．01）和11．74％（P〈0．01），试验组T1、T2、T3猪的日增重组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。用黑麦草替代10％-20％精料与饲喂精料相比，净增重可降低饲料成本在0．73-0．86元/kg之间，降幅在12．28％-14．50％。  相似文献   

4.
选40头20kg左右的“杜洛克×长白×嘉兴黑”三元杂交猪，公母各半，分成4组，每组10头。研究了黑麦草替代10％（T1）、15％（T2）、20％（T3）的精料对生长肥育猪的生长性能、胴体组成、肉质的影响。结果表明，黑麦草替代10％～20％的精料对生长肥育猪的生长性能没有影响；T1、T2、T3组分别比全精料组（C）的屠宰率降低了6．4％（P〈0．01），10．5％（P〈0．01），9．9％（P〈0．01），T1、T2、T3组的肌肉中胆固醇的含量分别比C组降低10．5％（P〈0．01），10．9％（P〈0．01），16．4％.（P〈0．01）；3个加草组背膘中胆固醇的含量分别比C组降低9．1％（P〈0．05），12．5％（P〈0．05）和18．9％（P〈0．01）；与C组相比T1、T2、T3组猪肉中肌苷酸的含量分别提高13．7％（P〉0．05）、42．8％（P〈0．01）和52．3％（P〈0．01）。黑麦草替代10％～20％的精料对其它屠宰指标和肉质指标无显著影响。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨土豆下脚料不同比例部分替代玉米饲喂肥育猪对其生长性能的影响,试验选用115日龄、体重60kg左右、健康杜大长三元杂种猪50头,随机分为5个处理组,对照组饲粮含玉米66％,不含土豆下脚料;4个试验组饲粮分别以土豆下脚料替代15％、30％、45％、66％玉米。预试期7d,正试期60d。结果表明,30％组和45％组肥育猪日增重较对照组分别提高3．25％和3．03％,差异显著（P〈0．05）;日采食量均降低1．6％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）;料重比分别降低4．92％和4．61％,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。4个试验组比较,30％组肥育猪日增重显著高于对照组和15％、66％组,30％组和45％组之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。经济效益分析结果表明,随着土豆下脚料替代玉米的比例增加,肥育猪头均饲粮成本相应降低,而头均毛利润提高。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,从经济效益和开发能量饲料资源角度考虑,土豆下脚料部分替代玉米的量以30％为宜。  相似文献   

6.
分30-60kgBW、60～100kgBW和30～100kgBW三个阶段研究了降低饲料中磷酸氢钙水平及降低磷酸氲钙的同时添加植酸酶对猪生长性能的影响。结果表明：磷酸氢钙添加水平在生长猪（30～60kgBW）饲料中由对照组的0．920％降低到0．552％、肥育猪（60-100kgBW）饲料中由对照组的0．760％降低到0．380％时都没有显著降低猪的生长性能（P〉0．05），降低磷酸氢钙的同时添加植酸酶虽没有显著提高猪的生长速度（P〉0．05），但能降低料肉比，其中在全阶段（30～100kgBW）的作用显著（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

7.
通过皮下注射和饲料添加不同剂量二丁酰环腺苷酸（dbcAMP)进行饲养试验，研究其对猪生长和糖代谢调控的效果。结果表明：皮下注射1.0mg/kg和饲料添加20mg/kg为最佳调控剂量，在生长猪阶段，日增重分别提高13．61％和15．41％（P＜0．05）；料重比分别降低18．81％和19．10％（P＜0．01）；在肥育猪阶段日增重和料重比差异不显著（P＞0．05）。肥育猪肝糖原含量分别降低27．32％和27．18％（P＜0．05）；肌糖原含量分别降低28．79％和31．79％（P＜0．05）。血糖含量在生长猪和肥育猪阶段都明显提高（P＜0．05）。证明dbcAMP对猪的生长性能和糖代谢有明显调控作用。  相似文献   

8.
对照组为玉米-豆粕型,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加5％、10％、15％的发酵豆粕,共进行42d试验。结果表明：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组比较日增重分别提高14．13％、14．55％、10．13％,差异均极显著（P〈0．01）;13采食量分别提高6．24％（P〈0．01）、4．81％（P〈0．01）、3．88％（P〉0．05）：料肉比分别下降7．03％、8．65％、5．94％,差异均极显著（P〈0．01）。试验Ⅱ与对照组比较粗蛋白质的表观消化率提高12．20％（P〈0．05）,差异显著：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组比较钙的表观消化率分别提高5．67％、10．12％、6.37％,但差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。有机物、总磷的表观消化率无差异。结论：本试验以添加10％的发酵甄粕为最佳。  相似文献   

9.
选择体重为20kg±2kg的健康杜×长×大生长猪60头,随机分为5处理（每处理3重复,每重复有4头猪）,分别饲喂0％、5％、10％、15％、20％膨化全脂油菜籽粉（EFFRM）日粮,各处理日粮中EFFRM以等能等可消化氨基酸基础取代大豆蛋白。试猪自由采食和饮水,试验期40d。试验用全脂菜籽为“双高”品种,采用干法膨化加工。试验结果显示：试猪采食量和日增重随日粮中EFFRM用量的增加呈先上升（5％用量）后明显下降（10％～20％用量）的规律;5％EFFRM处理的采食量和增重在数值上高于0％处理,差异未达显著水平（P〉0．05）,但显著高于10％处理（P〈0．05）,极显著高于15％、20％处理（P〈0．01）：各处理的单位增重耗料（FCR）无显著差异（P〉0．05）,在数值上仍以5％、0％处理最低。以上结果表明,20-40kg猪日粮中“双高”来源的EFFRM用量以5％为宜,用量10％及以上会显著影响猪的采食量,降低生长速度。  相似文献   

10.
选用90头体重31kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,根据体重和性别分成3组,饲喂3种蛋白质水平日粮。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日粮蛋白水平,生长猪阶段分别为17%、14%和15%;肥育猪阶段分别为15%、13%和14%。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日粮按照猪理想氨基酸模式配制。结果表明,猪各个阶段的日增重与料重比差异都不显著（P〉0.05）;生长肥育猪试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组猪血清尿素氮都显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;生长猪阶段猪舍内氨气质量浓度,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组都显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;肥育猪阶段猪舍内氨气质量浓度,试验Ⅰ组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;各组各阶段猪舍内硫化氢质量浓度无显著差异（P〉0.05）;生长猪阶段,与对照组相比,氮排泄量试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别显著降低15.7%（P〈0.05）和11.4%（P〈0.05）;肥育猪阶段,与对照组相比,氮排泄量,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别降低15.2%（P〈0.05）和8.9%（P〉0.05）。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The effects of lysine restriction during grower phase and realimentation during finisher phase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, carcass traits and pork quality were studied. Sixty-four pigs (two castrated males and two females per pen) weighing 34.34±5.22 kg were assigned to four dietary treatments. During grower (35–55 kg), pigs were fed isoenergetic lysine-restricted diets. The different lysine content of diets were 0.950 (NRC recommendation), 0.760, 0.665 and 0.570%, corresponding to lysine restriction of 20, 30 and 40%. Then all pigs were fed with common finisher 1 (55–85 kg) and 2 (85–115 kg) diets. Lysine restriction during the grower phase resulted in poor performance and lower concentration of blood metabolites but improved the nutrient digestibility and efficiency of lysine utilization. Compensatory growth response in terms of improved weight gain and feed efficiency was observed in pigs previously fed lysine-restricted diets during finisher 1, but the concentration of blood urea nitrogen and total protein were lower. No differences in growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites were noted during finisher 2. Lysine restriction of grower diets decreased the dressing percentage (quadratic, P=0.024), and protein content of longissimus muscle (linear P=0.034, and quadratic P=0.009). Thus, it could be concluded that pigs subjected to lysine restriction during grower phase exhibited compensatory growth responses in weight gain and improved efficiency of feed and lysine utilization for weight gain and lean accretion during finisher phase.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The effect of feeding brittle culm1 whole crop rice (WCR) replacing wheat by-products on performance, digestibility and carcass quality was evaluated in growing-finishing pigs. Fifty-four pigs (Duroc) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: WCR at levels of 0 (control), 10 or 20%, respectively. Pigs were fed from about 29 to 85 kg. A digestion trial was conducted with all pigs at about 60 kg live weight. When the feeding trial was completed, six pigs from each treatment were slaughtered to determine carcass quality. In the growing period, pigs receiving the 10 or 20% WCR diet were not significantly different in daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion from the control pigs (p>0.05). In the finishing period, daily feed intake and daily weight gain of pigs fed the 20% WCR diet were significantly lower than control pigs or 10% WCR diet (p<0.05). However, the feed conversion was not significantly different among the pigs on three different diets. No significant (p>0.05) difference was shown in the apparent nutrient digestibility with the WCR substituting for wheat by-products. The dressing percentage and mean backfat thickness tended to be lower in pigs fed the 10 or 20% WCR diet than in control pigs. The meat from pigs on the 20% WCR diet showed a higher pH value at 24 h post mortem, and higher protein and lower fat content in longissimus muscles than control pigs (p<0.05). This study indicated that WCR could be an alternative feed source to replace wheat by-products in growing-finishing pig diets, but a high proportion of the WCR may result in an adverse effect on the performance traits.  相似文献   

13.
Sixty-four individually housed pigs were used to investigate the effect of amino acid content of finisher diets on growth performance of pigs subjected to marginal dietary amino acid restrictions (80% of the 1988 NRC lysine recommendation) during the grower phase. In each of the two trials, low- and high-amino-acid grower diets (.421 and .765 g lysine/MJ DE, respectively) and four finisher diets (.421, .516, .612, and .707 g lysine/MJ DE) were randomly assigned within sex to 16 gilts and 16 castrated males weighing 23.0 +/- 2.0 kg in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. The average weight of pigs after a completion of diet change was 50.4 +/- 2.1 kg. All pigs were slaughtered at an average weight of 105.2 +/- 4.1 kg. Ultrasound backfat thickness was measured at the time of diet change and before slaughter. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. During the grower phase, pigs fed the high-amino-acid diet grew faster (P < .001) and more efficiently (P < .001) and had less ultrasound backfat (P < .001) than those fed the low-amino-acid diet. The grower diet had no effect on weight gain during the finisher phase. Consequently, pigs fed the high-amino-acid grower diet had better overall weight gain (P < .01) than those fed the low-amino-acid diet. The rate of lean accretion was, however, similar between the two groups of pigs. Furthermore, pigs fed the low-amino-acid grower diet seemed to have better carcass quality, as indicated by less ultrasound backfat (P < .01) and larger carcass longissimus muscle area (P < .05). Average and 10th rib carcass backfat decreased linearly (P < or = .05) and lean accretion rate improved linearly (P < .05) as the amino acid content of finisher diets increased, but there was no grower x finisher diet interaction in these and other response criteria. Although no evidence of compensatory weight gain was observed, it is possible that compensatory lean tissue growth may have occurred in pigs subjected to early amino acid restrictions at the expense of fatty tissue growth.  相似文献   

14.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low doses of Aspergillus niger (AN) phytase for growing and finishing pigs fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diets with narrow Ca:P ratios that were about 0.9 g/kg deficient in available P and Ca. Experiment 1 utilized 120 pigs with an early finisher period from 51.5 +/- 0.2 to 89.7 +/- 0.9 kg of BW and a late finisher period that ended at 122.5 +/- 2.0 kg of BW. During each period, treatments were the low-P diets with 0, 150, 300, or 450 units (U) of AN phytase added/kg of diet, and a positive control (PC) diet. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.001) in bone strength and ash weight, the absorption of P (g/d and %) and Ca (%), and overall ADG (P = 0.01) with increasing concentration of AN phytase. Pigs fed the diets with 150, 300, or 450 U of AN phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in growth performance overall, and pigs fed the diets with 300 or 450 U of AN phytase did not differ in P and Ca absorption (g/d) or bone ash weight from pigs fed the PC diet. However, only pigs fed the diet with 450 U of AN phytase/kg had bone strength similar to that of pigs fed the PC diet. Experiment 2 utilized 120 pigs in a grower phase from 25.3 +/- 0.1 to 57.8 +/- 0.8 kg of BW and a finisher phase that ended at 107.6 +/- 1.0 kg of BW. Treatments were the low-P diet with AN phytase added at 300, 500, or 700 U/kg of grower diet, and 150, 250, or 350 U/kg of finisher diet, respectively, resulting in treatments AN300/150, AN500/250, and AN700/350. Growth performance and the absorption (g/d) of P and Ca for the grower and finisher phases were not different for pigs fed the diets containing AN phytase and pigs fed the PC diets. However, pigs fed the PC diets excreted more fecal P (g/d, P < or = 0.01) during the grower and more P and Ca (g/d, P < 0.001) during the finisher phases than the pigs fed the diets with phytase. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.05) in bone strength and bone ash weight with increasing concentration of AN phytase. However, pigs fed the PC diets had a greater bone strength and bone ash weight than pigs fed diets AN300/150, AN500/250 (P < or = 0.02), or AN700/350 (P < or = 0.08). There were no treatment responses for N or DM digestibility in either experiment. Phytase supplementation reduced fecal P excretion from 16 to 38% and fecal Ca excretion from 21 to 42% in these experiments. In conclusion, 450 U of AN phytase/kg was effective in replacing 0.9 g of the inorganic P/kg of corn-SBM diet for finishing swine based on bone strength, whereas 300 or 150 U of AN phytase/kg of diet maintained growth performance of grower or finisher pigs, respectively.  相似文献   

15.
In a field study with fattening pigs, effects of feed particle size at the dietary presence of organic acids on Salmonella prevalence were measured. On two farms (f1/f2), each holding ～800 pigs, diets based on finely ground (control) or coarsely ground ingredients (experiment) were fed as crumbs. On f1 both control and experimental grower and finisher diets contained identical concentrations of formic and propionic acid (0.4% and 0.2% respectively). On f2 only finisher diet of the experimental group contained 1.2% potassium diformate. At the start of the fattening period no statistical differences were measured between Salmonella prevalence in animals fed control and experimental diets on both farms. At slaughter Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents was lower (p < 0.05) on f1 in animals fed the experimental diet. Furthermore, the number of seronegative meat juice samples taken from these animals [optical density (OD) <10] was higher (p < 0.001); seropositive as well as distinct seropositive samples (OD ≥20 and ≥40 respectively) were less frequent (p < 0.01) compared to samples from animals fed the control diet. Feeding the experimental diet on f2 resulted in a lower Salmonella detection rate in faeces before slaughter (p < 0.01). Salmonella prevalence was lower in caecal content at slaughter for pigs fed the experimental diet compared to those fed control diet (p < 0.0001). The number of distinct seropositive meat juice samples (OD ≥40) was lower (p < 0.01) for pigs fed the experimental than for those fed the control diet. In comparison to pigs in the control group, starch concentrations in the caecal content from pigs in the experimental groups on both farms were higher (p < 0.05) and the pH values lower (p < 0.05). Propionate (p < 0.0001) and butyrate (p < 0.01) concentrations were higher in the caecal content taken from pigs in the experimental group on f2.  相似文献   

16.
A grower finisher performance trial with forty-eight pigs was designed to compare the growth performance of pigs fed diets containing either genetically modified (GM) Bt-maize (NX6262) or its parental maize (Prelude) line. During the experiment, the pigs were fed with a grower and a finisher diet both containing 70% maize investigated in a previously study which showed that they contained similar ME values and digestibility of crude nutrients. The pigs with an initial live weight of 23.9 +/- 3.0 kg were allotted to single boxes. During a 91 days growing period the pigs of both groups recorded equal performance in daily weight gain (AW) 815 +/- 93 vs. 804 +/- 64 g/d depending on equal amounts of feed intake 1.95 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.94 +/- 0.15 kg/d (parental vs. transgenic). The results confirm equal performance among growing-finishing pigs fed parental or genetically modified maize containing diets. For slaughtering the pigs were divided into 4 groups with a different duration of the finishing period. After slaughtering the carcass characteristic were registered.  相似文献   

17.
Ninety Large White grower pigs were used to determine the most efficient way to hydrothermally detoxify sheanut cake (SNC) and to measure the influence of the detoxified SNC on the performance of grower and finisher pigs. In the first experiment, SNC was boiled in water for 30, 60, or 90 min, dried and included in the pigs' diets at a single level of 20%. There was also another treatment in which the SNC was only steeped in cold water overnight and a control in which the diet did not contain any SNC. In the second experiment, SNC which had been boiled for 90 min was included in the diets at 0%, 20%, 30% and 40%. In both studies, the pigs were fed from an average initial live weight of 20 kg until they attained an average final live weight of 90 kg.In the first experiment the average daily gains (ADG) of the pigs during the grower period were, respectively, 0.46, 0.32, 0.31 and 0.39 kg/day on the control, cold-treated SNC, 30, 60 and 90 min boiled SNC diets (p<0.01). The corresponding ADGs of pigs during the finisher period were 0.41, 0.36, 0.33, 0.46 and 0.55 kg/day (p<0.01). The feed conversion efficiencies (FCEs) were, respectively, 6.4, 7.2, 7.5, 7.1 and 6.5 kg feed/kg live weight gain.In experiment 2, the ADGs of pigs during the grower period were 0.44, 0.35, 0.20 and 0.09 kg/day on 0%, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively, of 90 min boiled SNC diets. The corresponding ADGs of pigs during the finisher period were 0.66, 0.44, 0.27 and 0.13 kg/day (p<0.01). The FCEs were 4.67, 5.10, 5.90 and 7.10, respectively.The study indicated that the theobromine in SNC is removed by boiling in water and that the level may be reduced to a greater extent by boiling for 90 min rather than for 30 m in. It also indicated that a 20% level of inclusion of 90-min heat-treated SNC should not be exceeded for either grower or finisher pigs.  相似文献   

18.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) fed at two levels of Cu on growth and feed efficiency of weanling and growing-finishing pigs, as well as the effect on the immunocompetence of weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 216 barrows (6 kg of BW and 18 d of age) were penned in groups of six (9 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial consisting of two levels of Cu (basal level or 175 ppm supplemental Cu) with and without MOS (0.2%). Diets were fed from d 0 to 38 after weaning. Blood samples were obtained to determine lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. From d 0 to 10, ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed (G:F) increased when MOS was added to diets containing the basal level of Cu, but decreased when MOS was added to diets containing 175 ppm supplemental Cu (interaction, P < 0.01, P < 0.10, and P < 0.05, respectively). Pigs fed diets containing 175 ppm Cu from d 10 to 24 and d 24 to 38 had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than those fed the basal level of Cu regardless of MOS addition. Pigs fed diets containing MOS from d 24 to 38 had greater ADG (P < 0.05) and G:F (P < 0.10) than those fed diets devoid of MOS. Lymphocyte proliferation was not altered by dietary treatment. In Exp. 2, 144 pigs were divided into six pigs/pen (six pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were fed throughout the starter (20 to 32 kg BW), grower (32 to 68 kg BW), and finisher (68 to 106 kg BW) phases. Diets consisted of two levels of Cu (basal level or basal diet + 175 ppm in starter and grower diets and 125 ppm in finisher diets) with and without MOS (0.2% in starter, 0.1% in grower, and 0.05% in finisher). Pigs fed supplemental Cu had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F during the starter and grower phases compared to pigs fed the basal level of Cu. During the finisher phase, ADG increased when pigs were fed MOS in diets containing the basal level of Cu, but decreased when MOS was added to diets supplemented with 125 ppm Cu (interaction, P < 0.05). Results from this study indicate the response of weanling pigs fed MOS in phase 1 varied with level of dietary Cu. However, in phase 2 and phase 3, diets containing either MOS or 175 ppm Cu resulted in improved performance. Pharmacological Cu addition improved gain and efficiency during the starter and grower phases in growing-finishing pigs, while ADG response to the addition of MOS during the finisher phase seems to be dependent upon the level of Cu supplementation.  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that field peas may replace soybean meal in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs without negatively influencing pig performance, carcass quality, or pork palatability. Forty-eight pigs (initial average BW 22.7 +/- 1.21 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 treatments with 2 pigs per pen. There were 8 replications per treatment, 4 with barrows and 4 with gilts. The treatments were control, medium field peas, and maximum field peas. Pigs were fed grower diets for 35 d, early finisher diets for 35 d, and late finisher diets for 45 d. Pigs receiving the control treatment were fed corn-soybean meal diets. All diets fed to pigs receiving the medium field peas treatment contained 36% field peas and varying amounts of corn; soybean meal was also included in the grower and the early finisher diets fed to pigs on this treatment. In contrast, no soybean meal was included in diets fed to pigs on the maximum field peas treatment, and field peas were included at concentrations of 66, 48, and 36% in the grower, early finisher, and late finisher diets, respectively. Pig performance was monitored within each phase and for the entire experimental period. At the conclusion of the experiment, carcass composition, carcass quality, and the palatability of pork chops and pork patties were measured. Results showed that there were no effects of dietary treatments on ADFI, ADG, or G:F. Likewise, there were no differences in carcass composition among the treatment groups, but gilts had larger (P = 0.001) and deeper (P = 0.003) LM, less backfat (P = 0.007), and a greater (P = 0.002) lean meat percentage than barrows. The pH and marbling of the LM, and the 10th rib backfat were not influenced by treatment, but there was a trend (P = 0.10) for more marbling in barrows than in gilts. The subjective color scores (P = 0.003) and the objective color score (P = 0.06) indicated that dietary field peas made the LM darker and more desirable. Pork chops from pigs fed field peas also had less (P = 0.02) moisture loss compared with chops from pigs fed the control diet. Treatment or sex did not influence palatability of pork chops or pork patties. In conclusion, field peas may replace all of the soybean meal in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs without negatively influencing pig performance, carcass composition, carcass quality, or pork palatability.  相似文献   

20.
A total of 240 crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of feeding magnesium mica (MM) during the growing-finishing period on animal performance and pork carcass characteristics. All pigs were blocked by weight, and treatments were assigned randomly to pens (five pigs/pen) within blocks. In each experiment, eight pens were allotted randomly to one of three treatments: 1) a negative control corn-soybean meal starter, grower, and finisher diet devoid of supplemental magnesium; 2) the control diets supplemented with 1.25% MM; and 3) the control diets supplemented with 2.50% MM. In Exp. 1, pigs were slaughtered at the University of Arkansas Red Meat Abattoir, whereas pigs in Exp. 2 were transported to a commercial pork packing plant and slaughtered according to industry-accepted procedures. In both experiments, dietary supplementation of MM had no (P > .10) effect on ADG, ADFI, or gain:feed ratio at any phase during the growing-finishing period. In Exp. 1, MM supplementation had no (P > .10) effect on carcass fatness or muscling. Moreover, Japanese color scores were not (P > .10) affected by feeding pigs MM; however, American color scores increased linearly (P < .01) with increasing levels of MM in the diet. Although MM supplementation did not (P > .10) affect L* and b* values for the longissimus muscle (LM), there was a linear increase (P < .05) in LM a* and chroma values associated with increased MM levels in swine diets. In Exp. 2, carcasses from pigs fed 1.25% MM had less (P < .05) fat opposite the LM at the 10th rib than untreated controls and pigs fed 2.50% MM and higher (P < .10) percentages of muscle than carcasses of untreated controls. Moreover, the LM from pigs fed 1.25% MM was less (P < .05) red and less (P < .05) yellow than the LM from pigs fed the control or 2.50% MM-supplemented diets. Drip loss from the LM was unaffected (P > .10) by inclusion of MM in the diet. Results from this study confirm that inclusion of MM, an inexpensive, inorganic magnesium source, in diets of growing-finishing swine has beneficial effects on pork carcass cutability and quality with no deleterious effects on live animal performance.  相似文献   

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