共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
奶牛性别的有效控制对显著提高优质奶牛的繁殖效率,提高经济效益具有重要意义。本文就奶牛性别控制有效方法、实际应用加以综述,主要介绍精子的流式细胞分离技术,性控精子应用准确率达92．3％以上;奶牛早期胚胎性别PCR鉴定,准确率达1009／5,通过环境控制对奶牛性别的影响并不显著,目前性控精子的应用是最理想的性别控制手段。 相似文献
2.
蜜蜂性比的分子调控机制研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
蜜蜂性比是指蜂群中雌性蜜蜂与雄性蜜蜂的比例。按亲属选择理论和性比原理预测 ,工蜂则可能对雌性性别更多地投资 ,这样蜂王和工蜂在决定性比问题上存在矛盾。本试验通过RAPD技术测定蜂王交配次数 ,并利用亲属选择和性比理论 ,研究了蜂群中的性比冲突问题。研究结果支持了工蜂调控蜜蜂性比的观点。 相似文献
3.
Determining sex of the equine fetus by transrectal ultrasonic assessment of the relative location of the genital tubercle (forerunner of penis and clitoris) was studied in 23 mares. Ultrasound examinations were done every other day on Days 35 to 97 or until the fetus was manually removed for comparative diagnosis of sex by gross inspection. In both sexes, the genital tubercle was a hyperechogenic bilobulated structure 2 mm in diameter when first identifiable between Days 40 and 54. Initially, the tubercle was located between the hind limbs and sex was not diagnosable. By a mean of Day 63, the tubercle was immediately caudal to the umbilical cord in males and under the tail in females. The optimal time for sex diagnosis was Days 59 to 68. During this time, the tubercle was readily accessible and assignable to a location characteristic of its sex, and sex was correctly diagnosed for all examinations of all fetuses except for 2 errors in the first mare used in the study. Between Days 69 and 97 all attempted diagnoses were correct, but a diagnosis was not attempted in 13% of the examinations because of difficulty in obtaining an adequate view in some mares. Although the technique was highly accurate for diagnosis of fetal sex, it is emphasized that the operator was experienced and the examining conditions were optimal. 相似文献
4.
Fetal intrauterine position relative to the sex of adjacent fetuses has an effect on reproductive performance in rodents. An experiment was conducted to determine whether sex of adjacent fetuses in utero has an influence on fetal and placental weights and whether the hormonal mechanisms documented in rodents are similar in fetal pigs. Sows were slaughtered at 70.1 +/- 1.7 d (n = 123) and 104.5 +/- .05 d (n = 135) of gestation. The fetuses and placentas were removed from the uterus and the position and sex of each fetus was recorded to indicate whether the fetus was between two males, two females, or a male and a female. Fetal blood was sampled for later hormonal analysis. At 70 d of gestation, male fetal and placental weights were heavier than those of females (P less than .05), but no differences were detected relative to the sex of adjacent fetuses. At 104 d of gestation, a fetus surrounded on each side in utero by fetuses of the opposite sex (two males or two females) was lighter in weight than a fetus surrounded by fetuses of the same sex (P less than .01). Differences in fetal weight due to the sex of adjacent fetuses were not related to placental function because placental weights were generally not different at 104 d of gestation. By 104 d of gestation, most placentas were not separated by necrotic regions and were in close apposition with surrounding placentas. No differences in growth or development could be related to hormonal effects (testosterone, estrone, or estrone sulfate) from surrounding fetuses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
Ashish Mishra Arindam Dhali Ippala J. Reddy Atul P. Kolte 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(7):885-892
The ability to identify the sex of embryo and control of sex ratio has a great commercial importance to livestock industry. Prediction of embryonic sex could be useful in the management decisions of sex selection in breeding programs. Several methods have been attempted to determine the sex but the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing method is generally favoured, as it is cost effective, simple and reliable. The aim of the present study was to identify sex of sheep embryos produced in vitro through amplification of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), sex-determining region Y (SRY) and amelogenin genes present in genomic DNA (gDNA) of embryos through PCR. To avoid false interpretation of the result by no amplification of SRY in female embryos, a duplex PCR was approached to amplify combinedly SRY and GAPDH genes. Sex-specific blood was used in PCR as positive control. In vitro sheep embryos were produced as per standardized protocol of laboratory. Sexing of sex-specific blood and in vitro produced embryos were approached though PCR to amplify the respective genes using gDNA present in the sample without its traditional isolation. The accuracy of sex prediction for embryos was 100% by this procedure. 相似文献
6.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of abrupt weaning (inclusive of social group disruption and maternal separation) on the physiological mediators of stress and measures of immune function. Thirty-six male and 36 female calves (Limousin and Charolais crosses), habituated to handling, were blocked by sex, weight, and breed of dam and randomly assigned, within block, to either a control or abruptly weaned group. Animals were separated into the respective treatment groups at 0 h. Calves were bled at -168, 6 (males only), 24, 48, and 168 h after weaning, and the behavioral reaction of calves to handling was scored. Cortisol, catecholamine (not sampled at -168 h), acute-phase protein concentrations, and in vitro interferon-gamma production and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were measured. The effects of weaning, calf sex, time, and their respective interactions were described. Disruption of the established social group at 0 h increased (P < 0.001) the plasma cortisol concentration and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and decreased the leukocyte concentration (P < 0.001) and the in vitro interferon-gamma response to the mitogen concanavalin-A (P < 0.001) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (P < 0.001) for weaned and control animals compared with -168 h. There was no effect of weaning or sex on the behavioral reaction of calves to handling. Plasma cortisol and adrenaline concentrations were not affected by weaning or sex. Plasma noradrenaline concentration was influenced by weaning x sex (P < 0.05) and time x sex (P < 0.05). The response increased for male calves with weaning and increased with each sampling time after weaning. For heifers, the response was not affected by weaning and plasma concentrations decreased at 168 h after weaning. There was no effect of weaning or sex on leukocyte concentration. The neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio increased after weaning (P < 0.01) and was affected by sex (P < 0.05). Weaning decreased (P < 0.05) the in vitro interferon-gamma response to the antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin. There was a time x weaning x sex (P < 0.05) interaction for fibrinogen concentration but no effect of treatment on haptoglobin concentration. Abrupt weaning increased plasma cortisol and noradrenaline concentrations that were accompanied by attenuation of in vitro interferon-gamma production to novel mitogen and antigen complexes up to 7 d after weaning. 相似文献
7.
徐惊涛 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2011,41(5):18-19
使用LAMP法对12枚牛体外受精胚胎的基因扩增,通过使用不同的引物,对牛胚胎中的雄性特异性核酸序列和雌雄共有的核酸序列进行扩增,鉴定胚胎的性别,结果7枚为雌性,5枚雄性。 相似文献
8.
Kosuke OTAKA Yuuki HIRADATE Norio KOBAYASHI Yoshiki SHIRAKATA Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):375-381
During mammalian spermatogenesis, spermatogenic cells undergo mitotic division and are subsequently divided into haploid spermatids by meiotic division, but the dynamics of sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis are unclear in vivo. To gain insight into the distribution of sex chromosomes in the testis, we examined the localization of sex chromosomes before and after meiosis in mouse testis sections. Here, we developed a method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes for the X and Y chromosomes to obtain their positional information in histological testis sections. FISH analysis revealed the sex chromosomal position during spermatogenesis in each stage of seminiferous epithelia and in each spermatogenic cell. In the spermatogonia and leptotene spermatocytes, sex chromosomes were distantly positioned in the cell. In the zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes at prophase I, X and Y chromosomes had a random
distribution. After meiosis, the X and Y spermatids were random in every seminiferous epithelium. We also detected aneuploidy of sex chromosomes in spermatogenic cells using our developed FISH analysis. Our results provide further insight into the distribution of sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis, which could help to elucidate a specific difference between X and Y spermatids and sex chromosome-specific behavior. 相似文献
9.
家蚕成虫雌雄差异的基因表达分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究家蚕成虫雌雄差异的基因表达,可为探究家蚕以及鳞翅目昆虫雌雄差异的分子机制提供线索。利用家蚕全基因组芯片检测家蚕成虫雌雄差异基因表达谱,并采用聚类及功能注释对芯片检测结果进行分析。结果显示有11677个基因在家蚕成虫中表达,其中有3312个基因在雄性个体表达上调,4254个在雌性个体表达上调。雌雄个体中表达上调基因的GO分类比较显示这2类基因在分子伴侣调控、电子载体等功能方面差异较大。在雌雄差异基因的功能注释中发现了与性腺特异性、发育繁殖及选择拼接因子等相关的基因。家蚕成虫存在的与雌雄个体特异相关的差异表达基因,可作为家蚕雌雄个体性别相关的生物遗传学标志。 相似文献
10.
Brian S. DORR Katie C. HANSON‐DORR Travis L. DeVAULT Scott C. BARRAS 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(5):570-582
Demographic information, such as geographic segregation of sexes and sex ratio data, is needed to develop, model and evaluate conservation and management strategies for wildlife. A variety of physiological, behavioral and environmental factors can influence segregation of sexes and sex ratios, many of which originate with density‐dependent processes. Departure from 50:50 sex ratios of double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) collected during control efforts in breeding and wintering areas across their eastern range of the USA were evaluated using using a Z‐test as well as Stouffer's weighted Z‐tests. In addition, a specifically‐designed randomization test was used to evaluate density‐dependent effects on primary sex ratios in cormorants from egg collections and colony nest count data over a 21‐year period. Cormorants collected from breeding colonies were strongly male‐biased, whereas cormorants collected from feeding flocks were slightly biased toward females. Cormorants were partly segregated by sex on the wintering grounds, with significantly more males found in areas with intensive channel catfish aquaculture. The null hypothesis that females produced a balanced sex ratio independent of number of nesting cormorants was rejected: more male embryos were produced during rapid population growth, whereas at maximum nesting number more female embryos were produced. Once populations stabilized, the sex ratio was more equal. This examination of sex ratios indicates that different management methods and locations result in sex‐biased culling of cormorants. Sex‐biased culling in cormorants could make population reduction efforts more efficient and reduce overall take. We suggest further research to examine density‐dependent effects on primary sex ratios documented here. 相似文献
11.
采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对分布在新疆哈巴河地区捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）种群的染色体组型进行了研究。结果表明,捷蜥蜴的二倍体染色体数为38条,性别决定机制为ZW型,存在异型的性染色体,其中,雄性性染色体为ZZ型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZZ;雌性性染色体为ZW型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZW。捷蜥蜴的染色体除第18对和w染色体呈点状外,其余全部为端着丝点染色体。按照染色体的相对长度将18对常染色体分成3组,第1组包括第1、2、3对染色体（相对长度〉7．5％）,第2组包括第4—17对染色体和性染色体（7．5％〉相对长度〉2．0％）,第3组只有第18对染色体（相对长度〈2．O％）。除Z和w性染色体不同外,其余染色体的大小和类型均无两性差异。从组型特征来看,为蜥蜴目较原始的类型。 相似文献
12.
Sexing of sperm by flow cytometry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J M Morrell K D Keeler D E Noakes N M Mackenzie D W Dresser 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(14):322-324
Economics dictate that livestock producers will be under increasing pressure to optimise output. A technique for sex pre-selection could help by reducing the number of females required to produce a given number of progeny of the desired sex; the technique would be particularly useful to the dairy industry. Live mammalian sperm, stained with a vital dye and analysed by flow cytometry, show a bimodal fluorescence distribution. Such bimodality may represent two overlapping subpopulations of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm. To test this hypothesis, sperm from the two subpopulations were separated using the sorting capacity of a flow cytometer and were used for the insemination of suitably prepared females. The sex of the resulting progeny was determined either by anatomical criteria or by identification of the sex chromosomes by karyotyping. Insufficient data are available so far to provide statistically significant evidence in support of the hypothesis, but a preliminary sequential analysis indicates a progressive tendency towards significance. 相似文献
13.
试验旨在了解不同性别杜陆猪不同组织的代谢差异及这些代谢差异对肉品质和风味产生的影响，为性别因素对猪肉品质和风味研究方面的影响提供基础代谢依据。试验选取16头（公母各半）8月龄、体重相近的杜陆猪，采用气相色谱质谱联用技术（GC/MS）对公猪和母猪血液、肝脏、背最长肌组织代谢物进行非靶向代谢检测，并运用代谢组学分析技术进行代谢模式差异分析、差异代谢物筛选和差异代谢物代谢通路富集分析。结果表明，性别对杜陆猪血液、肝脏、背最长肌组织总体代谢模式有一定的影响；性别差异引起的血液和肝脏差异代谢物数量较多，背最长肌最少。公猪血液多数脂类差异代谢物浓度显著高于母猪（P<0.05），而肝脏则相反（P<0.05）。公猪血液和肝脏糖类差异代谢物浓度多数显著高于母猪（P<0.05），其中公猪血液2-十八烯酸单甘油酯、二十二酸、胆固酮、二氢胆固醇的含量均为母猪的1.5倍以上；公猪肝脏β-龙胆二糖的含量是母猪的29倍，L-犬尿氨酸的含量是母猪的11倍，L-酪氨酸的含量是母猪的3倍。杜陆公猪肝脏硫辛酸含量显著低于母猪（P<0.05），是母猪的50%。杜陆公猪、母猪血液和肝脏激素类、脂类、糖类、氨基酸类代谢通路均差异显著（P<0.05）。以上结果表明：杜陆猪血液、肝脏、背最长肌组织代谢物性别效应不同；杜陆猪血液和肝脏激素类、脂类、糖类、氨基酸类代谢通路均存在性别效应，但性别效应微弱。杜陆公猪血液、肝脏和背最长肌较高水平的脂类和糖类代谢物使其肉质和风味比母猪稍好。 相似文献
14.
一种准确简便的东方白鹤性别分子鉴定方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
东方白鹤为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物，在自然条件下繁殖率很低，进行迁地保护及再引入措施对遗传多样性保护具有举足轻重的作用，成功地进行性别鉴定是其笼养人工繁殖的前提。本研究对4只东方白鹤，运用CHD基因的一对引物2550F／27181K进行了准确简便的性别鉴定，并对其序列结合其他5种远缘鸟类相应序列进行分析，证实了此种方法的科学性和可信度，分析了性别鉴定机理。这种安全、方便、准确的性别分子鉴定方法将有助于东方白鹤迁地保护及再引入措施的实施。通过分析可以看出，此种方法未来存在着广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
15.
动物性别的有效控制在畜牧业生产中具有广泛的用途,本文就性别控制的分子基础、有效方法加以综述,着重介结精子的流式细胞分离技术和动物早期胚胎的性别鉴定以及通过环境控制影响动物性别方面的研究进展。 相似文献
16.
Dervishi E Sánchez P Alabart JL Cocero MJ Folch J Calvo JH 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(6):999-1003
The objective of this study was to test the suitability of a duplex PCR assay for sex and scrapie resistance genotype determination in fresh embryos. Duplex PCR amplified a repetitive and specific fragment of Y chromosome, used for sex diagnosis, and a PrnP fragment. PrnP codons 134 and 156, and codon 171 were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and allele-specific PCR, respectively, after re-amplification of PrnP fragment. The specificity of the method was first assessed by testing 359 blood samples from Rasa Aragonesa sheep breed (161 males and 198 females). No amplification failures and total agreement between genotypic and phenotypic sex were found. In the same way, PrnP genotype determination by duplex PCR assay was in agreement with the PrnP animal's genotype established by sequencing. Finally, 73 samples of 1-10 cells from compact morulae were aspirated through the zona pellucida and genotyped for sex and PrnP. The efficiency was 96% when three or more cells were sampled. These results confirm that the duplex PCR assay reported in this work can be used for rapid sex determination in ovine embryos, with a high efficiency and accuracy (96%) when three or more cells are sampled, allowing sexed fresh embryos of known PrnP genotype to be transferred in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer programmes. 相似文献
17.
[目的]试验旨在探讨不同种类的促卵泡素(FSH)超数排卵处理、不同精液类型人工输精处理以及不同季节等前处理方式对高产荷斯坦奶牛体内性控胚胎生产效率的影响,为高产胚胎牛后代的繁育做出贡献。[方法]试验选取208头优质供体牛使用加拿大(Folltropin-v)和比利时进口的促卵泡素(FSH)进行超排,性控冻精和性控鲜精进行人工输精,春(3—5月)、夏(6—8月)、秋(9—11月)、冬(12—2月)四季进行胚胎生产。[结果]结果表明,使用产地为加拿大(Folltropin-v)促卵泡素进行超数排卵头均可用胚胎数和I级胚胎数(包括桑葚胚I级、囊胚I级)均显著高于比利时(P<0.05);通过使用性控冻精和性控鲜精对供体牛进行人工输精头均可用胚胎数分别为和I级胚胎数差异均不显著(P>0.05);春、夏、秋、冬四季进行胚胎生产头均可用胚胎数和I级胚胎数夏季均显著低于其他三季(P<0.05)。[结论]因此,使用加拿大促卵泡素(Folltropin-v)超数排卵、性控冻精进行人工输精避免在夏季进行胚胎生产可获得质量较高的高产荷斯坦奶牛体内性控胚胎。 相似文献
18.
单性花植物性别分化研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
性别分化是生物界普遍存在的一个自然现象。单性花由于仅含一种有功能的性器官,通过对其研究有助于解释植物性别分化和性别决定调控机制。植物性别决定方式多样且复杂,既有通过性别决定基因决定性别,又有性染色体,通过阻止性别决定基因重组确保稳定的性别分离;同时表观遗传由于影响基因表达活性,对性别分化也发挥重要作用。此外,植物激素、遗传因子、表观遗传修饰等之间存在相互作用,共同决定单性花性别。本文从单性花分类、雌雄花表型性状差异、遗传基础、表观遗传修饰、激素调控等方面综述单性花性别分化和决定调控机理,并提出未来研究中将面临的挑战和应对策略,为揭示植物性别分化和决定的机理提供有效参考。 相似文献
19.
为研究一种新的茸鹿繁殖方法,2007～2008年对469头马鹿,79头梅花鹿进行性别控制技术研究。结果表明：性别控制冻精情期受胎率马鹿为87．21％,梅花鹿为60．76％,两者之间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,性比率（指产公仔率）马鹿为90．95％,梅花鹿为93．75％,两者之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;性别控制冻精与普通冻精输精比较,马鹿情期受胎率之间、性比率之间和梅花鹿性比率之间都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,梅花鹿情期受胎率之间则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。普通冻精受胎率马鹿为94．89％、梅花鹿为61．63％,性比率马鹿为50．22％、梅花鹿为49．06％,性别控制冻精受胎率整体接近普通冻精,性比率则提高40％以上,比较分析认为对茸鹿X、Y精子分离进行性别控制试验是成功的。 相似文献
20.
一种导入蚕限性标记基因的有效方法 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
介绍了一种回交结合标记基因选择 ,转移蚕限性品种标记基因的方法。利用这种方法可以较快地把一个限性系统中性别控制基因导入普通蚕品种 ,且能基本上保持原来蚕品种的性状特点 相似文献