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1.
Total amino acid contents of several important U.S. potato cultivars grown in Maine, Idaho and The Red River Valley are listed along with nitrogen content. Differences in amino acid content among cultivars were roughly proportional to differences in total nitrogen. The effect of storage on amino acids in two cultivars was minor. The limiting essential amino acids compared to egg were MET and the sulphur amino acids. 相似文献
2.
M. L. Weaver H. Timm M. Nonaka R. N. Sayre K. C. Ng L. C. Whitehand 《American Journal of Potato Research》1978,55(6):319-331
Russet Burbank, Norchip, Kennebec, White Rose, Red La Soda and Lenape tubers were sampled at harvest, after storage for 2 and 4 mo at 7 C, and after 3 wk at 20 C following each storage treatment. Freeze-dried tissue from the bud-end, stem-end and core was analyzed for total, and free amino acid nitrogen, and for monophenolase, polyphenolase, peroxidase, and catalase activities. Significant differences among cultivars and among different parts of the tuber were found for all nitrogen fractions and all enzyme activities. Storage treatments significantly changed the total and free amino acid nitrogen contents and polyphenolase, peroxidase, and catalase activities. When compared for total nitrogen content and catalase activity, differences among different parts of the tuber which were statistically significant were similar in all cultivars. However, when compared for free amino acid content, and monophenolase, polyphenolase and peroxidase activities, differences among different parts of the tuber which were statistically significant were dependent upon which cultivar was examined. The differences among cultivars which were statistically significant for all nitrogen fractions and all enzyme activities, except peroxidase, were not significantly changed by storage treatment. The differences among different parts of the tuber which were statistically significant for quantity of both nitrogen fractions and for all enzyme activities were not significantly changed by storage. 相似文献
3.
A study of the changes in organic acids and amino acids occurring during storage of tubers at 70 and 55 F was made on several varieties grown in 1965 and 1966. Citric acid tended to increase and malic acid usually decreased. Pungo potatoes showed decreases in aspartic and glutamic acids and increases in several other amino acids. Increases or decreases in both organic and amino acids were usually greater in potatoes stored at 70 F than those stored at 55 F. Temperature of storage appeared to have a greater effect on organic and amino acids than would be in-dicated by results of previous workers. Considerable amounts of pyro-glutamic acid were found in some potato varieties. There were significant decreases in ascorbic acid in potatoes stored at both 70 F and 55 F. 相似文献
4.
光谱诊断马铃薯叶片氮素敏感波段的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用Unispec-SC光谱仪测定马铃薯叶片光谱反射率,寻找马铃薯叶片氮含量的敏感波段并计算相应的植被指数。结果表明:在可见光波段范围内,550 nm和580 nm 2个波段的光谱反射率与氮含量的相关性较好;在近红外区域,820 nm、900 nm和1 005 nm 3个波段与氮含量的相关性达到了显著水平。利用上述波段计算植被指数,在1 005 nm和580 nm组合的波段,植被指数与氮含量相关性最好并且以DVI的相关系数最高,r=-0.8994,达到了显著水平。 相似文献
5.
本研究分析了龙眼干、枸杞和发芽糙米复合饮料采用酵母和醋杆菌进行连续发酵过程中其酒精度、pH、可滴 定酸、总糖、多糖、总酚和氨基酸态氮等品质指标的变化规律。结果表明,在酵母发酵期间,发酵 24 h 后复合饮料的 酒精度趋于稳定,残留的总糖为 1.40 g/L,多糖含量呈上升的趋势,总酚含量呈下降的趋势,氨基酸态氮总体上呈下降 的趋势。醋酸菌发酵期间,接种醋酸菌前热杀菌处理组和未热杀菌组的复合饮料中酒精度差别不大（p>0.05）,未热杀 菌处理组在发酵期间复合饮料中可滴定酸含量、总糖含量、多糖含量和氨基酸态氮的含量均比热杀菌组的复合饮料中 的含量高,但热杀菌组的复合饮料中总酚含量总体大于未热杀菌组的复合饮料中的总酚含量。 相似文献
6.
两种肥力水平下冬小麦氮素吸收运转和代谢研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给高产、优质、养分高效小麦新品种的选育提供理论依据,研究了大田高肥和低肥两种处理对强筋小麦品种郑麦7698和中筋小麦品种周麦18的氮素吸收运转特性和氮代谢影响。结果表明,小麦植株氮素累积量随生育进程的推进和肥力水平提高均呈逐渐增加趋势,到成熟期积累量达到最高值。增加施肥量可以提高小麦氮素吸收转运量、花后氮同化量和旗叶中游离氨基酸含量。低肥水平下氮代谢同化途径关键酶基因的相对表达量显著高于高水平。郑麦7698的氮素积累量、旗叶中总游离氨基酸含量和氮代谢同化关键酶基因的相对表达量均高于周麦18。两种肥力水平下,郑麦7698的产量和穗粒数均高于周麦18,其中穗粒数差异达到显著水平。增强氮代谢途径关键酶基因的相对表达量,提高小麦植株氮素积累量、花后氮同化量和旗叶总游离氨基酸含量,可实现小麦高产、优质、高效目标。 相似文献
7.
以始于2006年的长期定位试验为研究平台,评价持续施用有机肥氮和化肥氮13年对郑单958子粒产量和氨基酸组分及含量的影响。结果表明,玉米子粒含有17种氨基酸,其中,谷氨酸含量最高,胱氨酸和蛋氨酸含量最低。施用氮肥显著提高玉米产量和氨基酸含量,低氮量60 kg/hm2,有机肥氮处理子粒产量低于化肥氮处理;施氮量120～360 kg/hm2,有机肥氮与化肥氮处理子粒产量差异不显著;施氮量420～600 kg/hm2,有机肥氮处理子粒产量显著高于化肥氮处理。施氮量0～600 kg/hm2范围内,施氮量越高氨基酸含量越大且化肥氮处理的氨基酸含量大于等量有机肥氮处理,有机肥氮118.5～600 kg/hm2、化肥氮91.9～600 kg/hm2可以获得最优总氨基酸含量。兼顾子粒产量和氨基酸综合评价的多元统计分析表明,长期施用有机肥氮120～420 kg/hm2、化肥氮120～300 kg/hm2,可实现玉米产量和氨基酸品质... 相似文献
8.
小麦DH群体氨基酸含量的遗传变异及相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了给小麦营养品质改良提供依据,以花培3号/豫麦57构建的小麦DH群体的168个株系为材料,利用该群体两年的表型数据,对小麦籽粒所含17种氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸及氨基酸总量的遗传变异及其之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,小麦籽粒氨基酸含量组成不平衡,谷氨酸在籽粒总氨基酸中所占比例最高,达25.81%;亮氨酸和脯氨酸次之;赖氨酸和组氨酸在籽粒总氨基酸中所占比例最低,仅2.27%和2.10%。所有氨基酸含量在两个年份中的变异系数均较大（大于7%）,半胱氨酸含量在两个环境中的平均变异系数最大,为23.16%;天冬氨酸含量的平均变异系数最小,为7.62%。除赖氨酸和半胱氨酸含量在两个年份中均不存在相关性外,其余氨基酸含量之间显著或极显著正相关,多数氨基酸含量在两个年份中均存在极显著的正相关;同时两年数据略有差异,说明小麦籽粒氨基酸含量受气候条件影响。 相似文献
9.
Summary In Argentina, different areas are suitable for seed potato production: however, each has particular problems, mainly related
to different pest and diseases. Tierra del Fuego Island is well isolated from traditional potato growing areas. Therefore,
it was tested for its potential for seed production.
The cultivars Achatt. Mailén INTA. Pampeana INTA and Spunta were grown in Río Grande, San Pablo and Ushuaia from 1991–1994.
Nematode presence and aphid population dynamics were recorded. Average tuber yield ranged from 20.1–37.6 t ha−1. After three years PVY and PLRV remained low (0–1% for different cultivars and locations). Moreover, seed tubers obtained
were physiologically young. Long days, early frosts and strong winds may limit tuber yield in some years. The island can be
considered as an ecological “safe haven” and is very suitable to obtain healthy and physiologically adequate seed potatoes. 相似文献
10.
Nell I. Mondy Barry Gosselin Lewis M. Naylor 《American Journal of Potato Research》1986,63(7):379-382
The effect of sludge-amended soil on the nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) content of Katahdin potatoes was investigated in each of two years. In both years the nitrate-nitrogen content of potatoes grown on sludge-amended soil was significantly higher than that of controls. 相似文献
11.
12.
R. S. Marwaha 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(2):95-103
Changes in the chemical constituents of potato tubers grown under different concentrations of 3 synthetic organic nematicides (carbofuran, aldicarb and phorate) and a natural plant product (sawdust) were investigated. There were no significant differences in the specific gravity, dry matter and starch content of tubers from different treatments. A significant increase in the content of non-reducing and total sugars was observed in all the treatments. Nematicidal treatments had significant effects on reducing sugars, true protein, free amino acids, orthodihydroxy phenols, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid. Application of nematicides reduced the content of total phenolic compounds which is a desirable change from a processing viewpoint. Potatoes grown under different nematicidal treatments can be processed into chips and French fries as they contain permissible levels of reducing sugars required for these forms of processing. 相似文献
13.
鲜食甜糯玉米子粒氨基酸含量的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以异隐纯合体杂交法培育的9个甜糯玉米杂交组合及其15个隐性纯合体亲本自交系为材料,在适宜鲜食期测定子粒中的氨基酸含量。结果表明,TN43-4的赖氨酸、必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量最高。不同甜糯玉米组合间的必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量存在一定的差异,但其必需氨基酸的相对含量并没有大的差别。多数甜糯玉米组合的必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量介于双亲之间或高于双亲。秋种、春种两次试验氨基酸含量的测定结果不同,春种试验的氨基酸含量普遍高于秋种试验,表明存在环境的影响。7种必需氨基酸间的简单相关和偏相关分析表明,苏氨酸与缬氨酸、异亮氨酸,亮氨酸与苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸间存在真实的相关关系。 相似文献
14.
氮素形态对豫麦34地上器官游离氨基酸和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给小麦优质生产中合理施用氮肥提供理论依据,以小麦品种豫麦34为材料,采用盆栽方法研究了三种氮素形态对豫麦34地上器官游离氨基酸和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,小麦叶片、茎、鞘和籽粒中游离氨基酸含量均以开花期最高;穗轴和颖壳中游离氨基酸含量以花后10 d最大;各叶位游离氨基酸含量高低表现为旗叶>倒二叶>倒三叶>倒四叶。三种氮素形态处理比较,各器官中（开花期倒三叶、倒四叶、穗轴和颖壳除外）游离氨基酸含量于花后30 d前均以酰胺态氮处理最大,铵态氮和硝态氮处理下互有高低,花后30 d以酰胺态氮处理最低;硝态氮处理下籽粒球蛋白含量最高,铵态氮处理下醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量最高,酰胺态氮处理下清蛋白含量、麦谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值、蛋白质含量最高,氮素形态间差异显著。说明施用酰胺态氮肥能够提高籽粒灌浆前、中期地上各器官中游离氨基酸含量,促进灌浆后期游离氨基酸向籽粒中的转运,提高籽粒蛋白质含量,因此,酰胺态氮肥是豫麦34品质栽培中首选的氮源。 相似文献
15.
A. S. Jaswal 《American Journal of Potato Research》1973,50(3):86-95
The effects of various processing methods on available lysine and total and free amino acid levels of low (1.065 – 1.075) specific gravity (LSG) and high (1.095 – 1.106) specific gravity (HSG) potatoes were investigated. LSG potatoes after canning and chip making showed approximately 40% loss of total amino acid contents. Such losses in drum dried potatoes were approximately 20% and that of french fries 4.5%. All processing methods adversely affected the available lysine content; chips and canned potatoes showing the maximum loss, followed by drum dried and french fried potatoes. Losses in HSG potato products showed a trend similar to that of LSG material, but on a considerably reduced scale. 相似文献
16.
Relationship of specific gravity to sugar accumulation in stored Norgold and Russet Burbank potatoes
Studies were made on the influence of growing season and low fertility on reducing sugar accumulation in storage of the stem and bud portions of Russet Burbank and Norgold Russet potatoes separated into different specific gravity groups. The stem portion of Russet Burbank had a significantly different intercept and slope of regression line (between specific gravity and reducing sugar accumulation) than the bud portions of the same tubers indicating higher reducing sugar accumulation in the stem portion as well as differences in behavior as to amount accumulated at the different specific gravity levels. No significant difference in sugar content or behavior at the different specific gravity levels was obtained between stem and bud portions of Norgold Russet. Growing season did not cause significant differences in total sugar content or slope of the regression lines within the stem or bud portions of Russet Burbank. Low fertility level resulted in significantly higher sugar accumulation in the stem portion of Russet Burbank as compared to adequate fertility and there was also a trend toward less influence of specific gravity on sugar accumulation at the lower fertility level. Low specific gravity Russet Burbank potatoes tended to be more variable in sugar accumulation from year to year and also had wider differences in sugar accumulation between stem and bud portions than high specific gravity potatoes. 相似文献
17.
Soil, site and management components of variation in species composition of agricultural grasslands in western Norway 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Å. Myklestad 《Grass and Forage Science》2004,59(2):136-143
A partitioning of the total variance in species composition of grasslands associated with increasing fertilizer inputs (unfertilized pastures, artificially fertilized hay meadows and intensively cultivated grassland) in western Norway was undertaken. The partitioning was carried out with (partial) constrained ordinations (canonical correspondence analysis) and associated Monte Carlo permutation tests. Explained variation was high (0·651), with soil chemistry, management and site explaining 0·271, 0·228 and 0·052 of the variation, respectively, and the interaction between soil and management explaining 0·100 of the variation. However, much of the measured soil chemistry was considered to be an effect of management. The soil chemistry variable explaining most variation was extractable P content, associated with high soil extractable P contents in the intensively cultivated grassland due to high fertilizer applications. However, soil extractable P content did not explain differences in species composition when grasslands with smaller differences in fertilizer inputs (meadows vs. pastures) were compared. Total soil C and N contents and C:N ratios explained significant variation between all grassland types. Lowest levels of these variables were measured in the grassland with the highest fertilizer inputs, suggesting that total soil N content cannot be used as a predictor of fertility. Significantly higher soil N contents were measured in grasslands of low productivity, probably due to a low decomposition rate of stress‐tolerant plants and the consequent low availability of soil N and accumulation of soil organic matter. Ellenberg N values reflected soil chemical differences in this study with high Ellenberg N values reflecting high Ca, Mg and P contents and pH values and low total C and N contents and C:N ratios. 相似文献
18.
大豆属(Glycine)亚属间和种间种子氨基酸组成的比较分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
比较了大豆属14个种的种子蛋白氨基酸的组成。结果表明:①不同亚属的各种均以谷氨酸含量最高,天门冬氨酸次之,其它氨基酸含量的位次也基本一致。②大豆属中亚属间种子蛋白的氨基酸含量存在明显的差异,Soja亚属各种氨基酸含量最高,Glycine亚属均低,而Wighlii最低。③亚属内种间、以及种内地理来源不同、或染色体基数不同,氨基酸含量也有差异。④Glycine亚属中latrobeana种的种子蛋白的氨基酸含量明显高于其它种。讨论了Glycine属、亚属间氨基酸含量与进化的可能联系,以及Wighlii的归属问题。 相似文献
19.
Significant differences in tuber glycoalkaloid (TGA) content were found among five commercial varieties and B5141-6 grown at 39 different locations in 28 states. Line B5141-6 had the highest average TGA content, 29.3 mg/100 g in 1970 and 28.1 mg/100 g in 1971. Average TGA contents in 1970 of Kennebec, Russet Burbank, Katahdin, Irish Cobbler, and Red Pontiac were 9.7, 7.9, 7.9, 6.2, and 4.3 mg/100g, respectively. There were also significant location effects. Possible causes of high TGA levels are discussed. 相似文献
20.
The influence of phosphorus fertilization on the content of ascorbic acid, lipids, total nitrogen, protein, and non-protein nitrogen of Katahdin potatoes was investigated. Phosphorus in the form of mono ammonium phosphate was applied at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 Kg/ha (0, 50, 100, and 150 lb/acre). Ascorbic acid, total nitrogen, protein and non-protein nitrogen content were significantly increased (p<.01) and the phospholipid content was significantly reduced (p<.01) by phosphorus application. 相似文献