An analysis of the growth of forced tulips. 1. Changes in plant fresh and dry weights during growth at two temperatures     

A.R. Rees  D.A. Charles-Edwards 《Scientia Horticulturae》1975,3(4):309-316

Changes in the fresh and dry weights of the component parts of plants of tulip cv. ‘Apeldoorn’ were followed in bulbs kept at low and high temperatures (9 and 18°C respectively) from the time of completion of flower differentiation until anthesis.There were marked differences between shoot dry weights at the two temperatures. At 9°C the stem, leaves and flower grew exponentially throughout the whole period, but at 18°C the specific growth rate of the stem and leaves declined throughout the period of the experiment. At 9°C the proportion of total dry weight in shoots and daughter bulbs was higher than at 18°C, and the proportion in the mother bulb was correspondingly smaller.At both temperatures the $\text{fresh weight}\text{dry weight}$ ratios of the mother bulb, shoot and daughter bulbs declined during dry storage, the decline being greater at 9°C. After planting, the ratio for all plant parts increased at 9°C, but scarcely changed at 18°C.These results are discussed in relation to dormancy, to the low-temperature requirement for successful and rapid flowering and to flower quality.  相似文献   

Influence of temperature on the growth of Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus hybridus     

M.O.A. Fawusi  D.P. Ormrod  A. Eastham 《Scientia Horticulturae》1983,18(4):305-311

Experiments were conducted in controlled-environment chambers using base-line growth study conditions to evaluate the response of Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus hybridus, two tropical leafy vegetables, to day/night temperatures of temperatures of $\text{25}\text{25}$ and $\text{35}\text{30°}\text{C}$. Both species had superior stem length, leaf area and dry-matter yields at $\text{30}\text{25°}\text{C}$. The cool temperature of $\text{25}\text{20°}\text{C}$ reduced the growth of most plant parts measured, with leaf production being particularly affected in A. hybridus and stem length in S. nigrum. Both species had rapid mean relative growth rates during the 7–14-day growth period. This growth rate was sustained by S. nigrum during the 14–21-day growth period. The nearest to optimum temperature for both species was $\text{30}\text{25°}\text{C}$, based on the production of leaves and stems, which are the nutritionally important plant parts in these species.  相似文献   

Inhibition of flowering of Mexican- and Guatemalan-type avocados under tropical conditions     

M. Sedgley  P.B. Scholefield  D.McE. Alexander 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,25(1):21-30

Avocado trees of a range of cultivars growing in Darwin, northern Australia (average yearly maximum 33°C, minimum 23°C), were observed for flower and shoot development. Terminal buds of the cultivars ‘Fuerte’, ‘Rincon’ and ‘Edranol’ sampled in July were not floral. Buds which did not burst were sampled in September and they contained developing flowers with perianth primordia. Vegetative extension growth resulted from laterals proximal to the inhibited terminal buds.Avocado trees of the cultivars ‘Fuerte’ and ‘Hass’ which had initiated floral buds were transferred to controlled environment chambers with 33°C day, 23°C night ($\text{33}\text{23}$) or 25°C day, 15°C night ($\text{25}\text{15}$) with a 12-h photoperiod and photon flux density of 400 μmol m^?2 s^?1 (400–700 nm). At $\text{33}\text{23}$ the trees had fewer flowers and a shorter flowering period than at $\text{25}\text{15}$. Inhibited floral buds and lateral vegetative extension resulted at $\text{33}\text{23}$, as observed in northern Australia. The unburst buds had developing flowers with perianth and stamen primordia.The controlled environment experiments showed that the abnormal flushing behaviour of Mexican- and Guatemalan-type avocados growing in northern Australia was due to high temperature. Floral development was inhibited at the stage of stamen differentiation.  相似文献   

Flowering and fruit-set response to temperature in the avocado cultivar ‘Hass’     

M. Sedgley  C.M. Annells 《Scientia Horticulturae》1981,14(1):27-33

Avocado plants, cultivar ‘Hass’, were kept in growth cabinets at 33°C day, 28°C night ($\text{33}\text{28}$); 25°C day, 20°C night ($\text{25}\text{20}$); and 17°C day, 12°C night ($\text{17}\text{12}$), with a 12-h photoperiod and photon flux density of 400 μE m^?2 s^?1 (400–700 nm). At $\text{33}\text{28}$ and $\text{25}\text{20}$ flowers opened in the morning in the female stage and again in the afternoon of the following day in the male stage (Type A floral cycle). At $\text{17}\text{12}$ the flowers opened in the afternoon in the female stage and started to reopen in the male stage 2 days later during the afternoon. They remained open overnight and started to close the following morning. Pollen tube growth and ovule penetration occurred at all temperatures. Pollen tube growth was fastest at $\text{33}\text{28}$, but the pistils had lost the ability to support pollen tube growth by the second week of the experiment. A lower proportion of the ovules at $\text{17}\text{12}$ had an embryosac penetrated by a pollen tube. Embryo development occurred at all temperatures, but fruitlets were abscissed at $\text{33}\text{28}$ and embryo growth was very slow at $\text{17}\text{12}$. The most suitable temperature regime for floral behaviour, pollen tube growth and embryo development was $\text{25}\text{20}$.  相似文献   

Temperature influences nutrient absorption and uptake rates of bananas grown in controlled environments     

D.W. Turner  E. Lahav 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,26(4):311-322

We explored the influence of temperature on the concentration of nutrients in banana plants, the nutrient uptake rate, apparent root transfer coefficient ($\text{}\text{?}$ga) and the relationship between accumulation of dry matter and nutrient. Young banana plants (Musa (AAA group, Cavendish sub-group) ‘Williams’) were grown at six temperature regimes (17/10–37/30°C) in sunlit growth chambers for 12 weeks.The amount of nutrient absorbed was influenced by the amount of growth made, but the link between the two differed from one element to another. Temperatures less than $\text{29}\text{22°}\text{C}$ reduced the concentration of all elements in the whole plant, except Fe.Temperature influenced the root uptake rate of B 10-fold; K, Na, Ca, Fe and Zn 3–4-fold; and N, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Cl 1–2-fold. Among the elements the highest recorded rate was 12 mg g^?1 day^?1 for K at $\text{33}\text{26°}\text{C}$. The optimum temperature for nutrient uptake rates differed among the elements. This was accounted for largely by greater growth at those temperatures of organs with high concentration of particular elements.The $\text{}\text{?}$ga (an estimate of efficiency of uptake) of B varied 12-fold among treatments; K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn and Cl varied 3–5- fold and N, P, Cu and Fe varied 2–3-fold.The ratio of relative nutrient accumulation rate, R_m, to the relative growth rate, R_w, was most stable across temperatures for N and least stable for B and Na. However, the trend was for $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>m</mtext>}}\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>w</mtext>}}$ to increase as temperature rose, indicating an absorption of nutrients greater than might be expected from a change in growth rate as temperature increased, and a decreased efficiency in their utilization for plant growth.  相似文献   

Relationships among mineral nutrition,ethylene and post-harvest physiology in apples on six rootstocks     

Esmaeil Fallahi  D.G. Richardson  M.N. Westwood  M.H. Chaplin 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,25(2):163-175

The relationships among several mineral elements of August-sampled leaf October-harvested fruit, maturity and post-harvest quality factors of ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ apple trees grown on Seedling, Malling (M) 1, Malling Merton (MM) 106, M 7, Oregon Apple Rootstock (OAR 1) or M 26 in a high-density orchard during 1980–1982 were evaluated. Positive correlations were found between leaf N, K and P and fruit N, K and P, respectively, in most rootstocks. Leaf Ca did not correlate with fruit Ca; thus leaf analysis cannot be recommended for estimates of fruit Ca. Both leaf and fruit N positively correlated with fruit green color and negatively with fruit soluble solids in all rootstocks. Fruit Ca and fruit P were both negatively correlated with fruit soluble solids at harvest and after 6 months of 0°C storage for all rootstocks. The ratio of fruit $\text{N}\text{Ca}$ was positively correlated with internal ethylene in MM 106, M 7 and OAR 1, while fruit $\text{K}\text{Ca}$ ratio was positively correlated with titratable acidity in all rootstocks. Fruit Ca showed negative correlations with bitterpit, storage rot and field internal ethylene, but positive correlation with firmness. Yield was positively correlated with leaf and fruit N, Ca and Cu but slightly negatively correlated with B of those tissues. Higher yield was associated with lower leaf K concentrations. Fruit green color was negatively correlated with soluble solids and titratable acidity. Fruit dry matter was highly positively correlated with soluble solids and titratable acidity in MM 106, OAR 1 and M 26. Soluble solids at harvest were strongly predicted by pre-harvest dry matter.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature on growth and flowering of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars     

C. M. Menzel  D. R. Simpson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):349-360

Summary

Moderate day/night temperatures (20/15° v. 15/10°C) increased vegetative growth and reduced flowering in the seven litchi cvs Tai So, Bengal, Souey Tung, Kwai May Pink, Kwai May Red, Salathiel and Wai Chee. At higher temperatures (25/20° and 30/25°C), vegetative growth was promoted further and flowering eliminated. Temperature also influenced the type of inflorescence formed. More leaves were formed on the panicles of trees growing at 20/15° than at 15/10°C. All terminal shoots on all cultivars produced panicles at 15/10°C. The relative order for the amount of flowering at 20/15°C was: ‘Wai Chee’>‘Salathiel’>‘Kwai May Pink’>‘Tai So’>‘Bengal’>‘Souey Tung’>‘Kwai May Red’. Cultivars which were vigorous at high temperatures produced fewer panicles at 20/15°C and fewer leafless panicles at 15/10°C. Only small differences were observed in the leaf water potential and the nutrient status of the shoots at different temperatures. Vigour and flowering of the cultivars in the glasshouse generally reflected field performance in subtropical Australia (Lat. 27°S). Low vigour could be useful for selecting litchi cultivars for good fruiting in environments with warm autumns and winters.  相似文献   

Effects of air temperature,soil temperature and soil moisture on growth and development of tomato itself and grafted on its own and egg-plant rootstock     

A.T. Abdelhafeez  H. Harssema  K. Verkerk 《Scientia Horticulturae》1975,3(1):65-73

The problem was studied whether tomatoes, grown in a hot and arid climate, benefit from grafting on egg-plant, which is highly efficient in water uptake. Growth and development of tomato (T), tomato grafted on its own rootstock ($\text{T}\text{T}$) and tomato grafted on egg-plant rootstock ($\text{T}\text{E}$) were compared at air temperatures of 28°C during the day and 18°C during the night ($\text{28}\text{18}$) and at 28°C constantly ($\text{28}\text{28}$), at soil temperatures of 14, 21 and 28°C with the following soil moisture regimes: wet (W₁), medium (W₂) and dry (W₃).At $\text{28}\text{18}$ and $\text{28}\text{28}$ water consumption was about equal, but the transpiration ratio at $\text{28}\text{28}$ was twice as high as that at $\text{28}\text{18}$. The latter conditions gave a much stronger plant with more fruits. At a soil temperature of 14°C water use was strongly reduced. The transpiration ratio increased with the soil temperature. Differences in plant type were small. At the highest soil temperature of 28°C fruit growth was strongly reduced. At lower soil moisture levels less water was used and the transpiration was lower. Plant type was correlated herewith.Vegetative growth of $\text{T}\text{T}$ was weaker than of T, but generative growth was stimulated. The strong E rootstock stimulated vegetative growth at high air and soil temperature, but fruit growth was very poor under these conditions; at a low soil temperature of 14°C vegetative growth was also reduced.The hope that the E rootstock would be beneficial for fruit growth at high temperatures was not fulfilled.An additional experiment in a growth-room at 23°C showed that under conditions of moisture stress there was no difference in water potential between leaves of $\text{T}\text{T}$ and $\text{T}\text{E}$.  相似文献   

Effect of rootstocks on the leaf mineral content of citrus     

Husain S. Ahmed  Mohamed Y. Al-Shurafa 《Scientia Horticulturae》1984,23(2):163-168

Leaves from ‘Valencia’, ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Washington Navel’ oranges grown on ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin, ‘Sour Orange’, ‘Troyer’ citrange and ‘Rough Lemon’ root-stocks were analzed for N, P, K, Ca, Na, Cl, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. Significant differences among rootstocks were obtained for K, Ca, $\text{Ca}\text{K}$, Na and Cl, but not for N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Scion leaves on ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin tended to be low in K and high in $\text{Ca}\text{K}$ and those on ‘Rangpur’ lime were high in K and low in Ca and $\text{Ca}\text{K}$. ‘Troyer’ citrange induced higher uptake of Na and Cl than all other rootstocks. ‘Washington Navel’ leaves contained more Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, and less Na, than ‘Hamlin’ or ‘Valencia’ leaves. ‘Valencia’ leaves contained more Ca and less K than the other two cultivars. The nutritional status of the trees was slightly low in N, K and Mn, optimum in Fe, Zn and Cu, normal-to-high in P, and contained non-toxic levels of Na and Cl. The statistical interaction of root stock and scion was found non-significant.  相似文献   

Anatomy of flower differentiation and abortion,in relation to the growth and development of hybrid tea-rose seedlings     

D.P. De Vries  E.P.M. De Kuyper  Lidwien A.M. Dubois 《Scientia Horticulturae》1981,14(4):377-385

From germination until anthesis or flower bud abortion, seedlings from ‘Sonia’ × ‘Hadley’ were grown in both a greenhouse (full daylight, 20° C) and a growth room (8 Wm^?2, 8 h, 20°C) of the IVT-phytotron. Plastochron was an external indication of the stage of flower differentiation. Flower differentiation in flowering and aborting seedlings ran parallel up to petal-segregation. Flower differentiation in aborting seedlings did not proceed beyond stamen formation. Early abortion, which also caused absence of the upper leaf, occurred without, later abortion with, an abscission zone in the flowerstalk.  相似文献   

Environmental and chemical control of growth and flowering of Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer     

Ruth Shillo  Amram Weiner  Abraham H. Halevy 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,25(3):287-297

The main factor affecting floral initiation of Geraldton Wax-Flower (Chamelaucium uncinatum) is the photoperiod, while temperature is the major factor affecting flower development. Four weeks of short days (SD) are generally required for obtaining full flowering. The number of flowers produced per plant increases with increasing the number of SD. Under mild temperatures of $\text{20}\text{14°}\text{C}$ (day/night), plants initiated flowers even in long days (LD). However, fewer flowers were produced and on higher nodes as compared to SD plants. Chlormequat promoted flowering under prevailing summer conditions of high temperatures and LD. Under prevailing autumn conditions favourable for flower initiation, LD treatment or weekly sprays with gibberellic acid (GA) reduced the number of flowers per plant. Combined treatment of LD and GA reduced both the flowering percentage and the number of flowers per plant. Discontinuing the LD or the GA treatments caused a resumption of full flower initiation.  相似文献   

Ca storage and hypobaric storage of white peach ‘Okubo’     

Ichiro Kajiura 《Scientia Horticulturae》1975,3(2):179-187

White peach ‘Okubo’ fruits were stored for 3 weeks at 1°C in cold storage, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage (3% CO₂ + 3% O₂ and 0% CO₂ + 3% O₂) and hypobaric storage ($\text{1}\text{7}\text{and}\text{6}\text{7}\text{atm}\text{.}$) After removal from storage, fruits were ripened at 20°C. In cold-stored fruits, low temperature injuries (flesh browning, mealy breakdown and abnormal peeling) developed. When O₂ was maintained at 3% without CO₂, the ripening rate after storage was faster than that of fruits which had been held at 20°C directly, and low temperature injuries were not controlled. Under the atmospheric conditions of 3% O₂ and 3% CO₂, ripening rate after storage was not different from that of directly ripened fruits, and injuries were almost completely controlled. In the fruits kept in hypobaric storage of $\text{1}\text{7}\text{atm}\text{.}$, the ripening rate after storage was slower than that of fruits stored in air at 1 atm. (cold storage). Mealy breakdown was reduced, but no effect was found on the flesh browning nor on the abnormal peeling. No significant differences were found between hypobaric-stored fruits of $\text{6}\text{7}\text{atm}\text{.}$ and cold-stored ones.  相似文献   

Root shoot interactions in passionfruit (Passiflora sp.) under the influence of changing root volumes and soil temperatures     

C. M. Menzel  D. W. Turner  V. J. Doogan  D. R. Simpson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):553-564

Summary

Passionfruit are grown in the tropics and subtropics where mean monthly soil temperatures at 15 cm range from about 10° to 30°C. The choice of rootstock can also influence production with most industries exploiting either the purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) or golden passionfruit (P. edulis tflavicarpa). We examined the relationship between shoot and root growth in purple x golden hybrid E-23 grafted onto golden passionfruit seedlings. Growth was manipulated by varying the volume of the soil available to the roots or temperature of the root zone. Shoot and root growth increased as root zone volume increased from 0.3, 1.4, 4, 12 to 24 1. Shoot weight (W_s) was correlated with root weight (W_R):W_S = 12.697 + 5.272 W_R + 0.195 W_R² (r² = 91%, P<0.001), with the plants allocating a smaller proportion of dry matter to the roots as root weight increased. Differences in shoot growth with pot volume were not due to changes in water or nutrient status. In the temperature experiment, the two critical root zone temperatures at 90% of maximum growth were about 20° and 35° C for vine extension, leaf area, node and leaf production, and 20° and 30°C for flower production. Leaf and stem dry weight were optimal between about 18° and 34°C, while maximum root growth occurred at 38°C. There was a weak relationship between shoot (W_s) and root dry weight (W_R): W_s = ?19.346 + 24.500 W_R ?1.046 W_R² (r² = 53%, .P<0.001). Apparently, variations in shoot growth at different soil temperatures cannot be explained solely by differences in root growth. Reduced growth at 10°C was associated with lower chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance and net CO₂ assimilation, but not lower leaf water potential. The concentration of most nutrients were lower at 10°C than at higher temperatures, but none was outside the range which would be expected to restrict growth. There appears to be a co-ordination of shoot and root growth as the soil volume available for root growth increases, whereas root temperature affects the roots and tops differently. The results of the pot volume experiment demonstrate the importance of rootstock vigour in passionfruit breeding. Productivity would be affected in cool subtropical areas with soil <20°C and in tropical areas with soil >30°C.  相似文献   

Effects of ozone and sulfur dioxide on grapevines     

Robert D. Shertz  W.J. Kender  R.C. Musselman 《Scientia Horticulturae》1980,13(1):37-45

Greenhouse-grown ‘Ives’ and ‘Delaware’ grapevines (Vitis labruscana, Bailey) were fumigated for 4-hours with ozone (O₃) and/or sulfur dioxide (SO₂) at 0.40 and 0.80 mg l^?1. Fumigations were performed in a plexiglass chamber situated within a controlled environment walk-in growth chamber. When applied separately, both gases induced characteristic foliar injury. ‘Ives’ grapevines were much more sensitive to $\text{O}{}_3\text{SO}{}_2$ fumigations than were ‘Delaware’ grapevines. Within each cultivar, leaf necrosis and shoot growth reduction were greatest following fumigation with 0.80 mg l^?1 O₃ plus 0.80 mg l^?1 SO₂. Leaf abscission occurred only on ‘Ives’ and was related to foliar necrosis. Shoot growth following fumigation was less on vines having most foliar necrosis. Yet, ‘Delaware’ vines showing less than 1% leaf area necrosis still had significant reductions in shoot growth. All O₃ and SO₂ fumigations resulted in stomatal opening.  相似文献   

Chilling-injury in cucumber fruits. I. Effects of storage temperature on symptoms and physiological changes     

T. Fukushima  M. Yamazaki  T. Tsugiyama 《Scientia Horticulturae》1977,6(3):185-197

Cucumber fruits transferred to a warm temperature after chilling displayed various symptoms of chilling-injury. In cucumbers chilled to 0°C, vertical fine wrinkles and/or shallow pitting was observed, while after chilling to 5°C deep pitting and/or surface depressions were apparent. Moreover, in the 0°C fruit compared with 5°C fruit, a higher $\text{210}\text{264}$ mμ UV absorption ratio of leakage substances during chilling was observed. These results suggest that the causes of chilling-injury in the 0°C and 5°C fruit are distinct from one another. Weight loss after chilling, the amount of leakage substances, the exudate content from the cut surface of the fruit, redox potential, titratable acidity and respiratory activity were also checked after periods of chilling of 3 to 15 days.  相似文献   

In vitro morphogenesis and growth of Narcissus in response to temperature     

Janet E.A. Seabrook  Bruce G. Cumming 《Scientia Horticulturae》1982,16(2):185-190

In vitro morphogenesis and growth of tissues of the Narcissus cultivar ‘Lord Nelson’ have been assessed in constant and alternating temperatures. Tissue of leaf-base and scape origin, producing leafy shoots and bulblets on a defined sterile medium, were grown at constant and alternating temperatures of 15, 20, 25 or 30°C and 15–25 or 20–25°C, respectively, in a 16-h daily photoperiod. The number of leaves, leaf length, volume of tissues, fresh weight (but not percentage dry matter), and the number of shoots that would ultimately produce bulbs, were maximal at a constant temperature of 25°C as compared with all other temperature-regimes tested.  相似文献   

Growth of Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis aestivalis Michx. as Affected by Temperature     

《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):69-82

Abstract

Four European (Vitis vinifera L.) winegrape cvs., ‘Semillon’, ‘Pinot Noir,’ ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and one American (Vitis aestivalis Michx.) winegrape cv. ‘Cynthiana’, were subjected to three temperature regimes in growth chambers set at 20/15°C, 30/ 25°C, or 40/35°C, for 16/8 hr day/night to determine the influence of temperatures on vine growth and development. In general, the best temperature for shoot and root growth 28 days after temperature treatments was 20/15°C for ‘Semillon’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and ‘Cynthiana’, and 30/25°C for ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Chardonnay’. Although 40/35°C reduced number of leaves, shoots, tendrils, and internodes, total leaf area (LA), and total shoot biomass of all the cultivars, the reduction was more pronounced in ‘Cynthiana’ than in the European cultivars. The average reduction in number of leaves at 40/35°C for the European cultivars was 47%, compared with 92% for ‘Cynthiana’. The two types of grapes adapted differently to high temperature. Shoot growth in the European cultivars continued under high temperature, whereas growth ceased in ‘Cynthiana’. Roots of ‘Cynthiana’, however, were less susceptible to the adverse effect of high temperatures than were the shoots. This study shows that the European cultivars were relatively more tolerant to high temperature than the American cultivar and they have a potential for production of wine in the climate of south central Kansas.  相似文献   

Temperature effects on dormancy,bud break and spear growth in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)     

Yang-Gyu Ku  A. R. Hughes  M. A. Nichols 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):446-450

Summary

The effects of the length of chilling, chilling temperature and growing temperature on dormancy of asparagus crown buds and subsequent rates of spear growth were examined. The results showed that prior chilling enhanced bud break at low growing temperatures and stimulated the growth of spears.Thus, chilling should facilitate commercial production by hastening bud break and spear growth rates at lower temperatures. If sufficient chilling was given, the minimum temperature for rapid bud break was approx. 12.5°C for ‘Rutgers Beacon’ and ‘Jersey Giant’, and around 10°C for ‘UC 157’ and ‘Apollo’. The optimum chilling temperature appeared to be closer to 5°C than to 10°C or 2°C for ‘Rutgers Beacon’ plants grown at 12.5°C. Increasing the growing temperature had a significant effect on the relative spear growth rate (RSGR) in all cultivars. Prior chilling had no effect on the RSGR for ‘Dariana’ and ‘Apollo’; but, for ‘UC 157’, chilling plants at 5°C for 5 or 10 weeks increased growth rates at 12.5°C and at 20°C. These results demonstrate that release of bud dormancy and spear growth rates depended not only on the growing temperature, but also, at least in some cultivars at some temperatures, on the duration and temperature of chilling during the previous Winter.  相似文献   

The influence of temperature on photosynthesis of different tomato genotypes     

W. Gosiewski  H.J.M. Nilwik  J.F. Bierhuizen 《Scientia Horticulturae》1982,16(2):109-115

Net photosynthesis and dark respiration from whole plants of various tomato genotypes were measured in a closed system. At low irradiance (27 W m^?2) and low external CO₂ concentration (550 mg m^?3), net photosynthesis of 10 genotypes was found to vary between 0.122 and 0.209 mg CO₂ m^?2 s^?1. Correlation was observed between net photosynthesis, net uptake on a daily basis (8 h photoperiod at 20°C and 16 h nyctoperiod at 10°C), specific leaf weight and leaf area ratio. At high irradiance (243 W m^?2), high external CO₂ concentration (1480 mg m^?3) and ambient temperatures of 10, 18, 20 and 26°C, four genotypes were analysed. ‘F6 I.V.T.’ had the highest rate of photosynthesis at 10°C, while ‘Sonatine’ ranked high at 26°C. Dark respiration increased with temperature, except in the case of ‘Bonabel’ where the effect of temperature was slight.  相似文献   

Effects of pre- and post-bloom temperature regimes on development of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.     

A.N. Roberts  Yin-Tung Wang  F.W. Moeller 《Scientia Horticulturae》1983,18(4):363-379

Glasshouse grown ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ Easter lily plants were subjected to different temperature regimes to determine temperature requirements during pre- and post-bloom development. Rate of leaf- and flower-bud development and stem elongation on the primary (mother) axis were directly proportional to the range of temperatures used (6–24°C), and were equally effective in predicting crop development. Scale initiation on the secondary (daughter) axis during pre-bloom phases was proportional to growing temperature, reaching maximum activity at 18°C in ‘Ace’ and at 12°C in ‘Nellie White’. The shift from scale to leaf initiation and development following anthesis was favored by 12 rather than 18°C with significant reductions in leaf initiation in both cultivars at 24°C. No difference in secondary meristem diameter occurred with temperature during pre-bloom, but large dome size was associated with 12°C or lower during the post-bloom phase. Primary scale weight increase (filling), reached a maximum 50 days following anthesis, and was greatest at 18°C. Secondary scale filling reached a maximum 80 days after anthesis at both 18 and 24°C. The secondary axis became increasingly responsive to sprout-inducing temperatures with increasing age and development. Fifty days after anthesis, 12 and 18°C were equally effective in sprouting ‘Ace’ bulbs, while 12°C was more effective with ‘Nellie White’. Early leaf senescence, associated with high (24°C) temperature, did not favor increased bulb size, daughter leaf primordia count and meristem diameter, or sprouting.  相似文献