共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
B型烟粉虱成虫对五种寄主植物的取食和产卵行为 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
为明确烟粉虱的寄主选择机制,利用刺吸电波技术(EPG)记录了B型烟粉虱在苘麻、棉花、黄瓜、甘蓝和烟草上的刺吸取食波型,并比较了烟粉虱在寄主植物上的产卵行为.研究结果表明,烟粉虱在5种寄主植物上的刺吸过程由A、B、C、E、G和np波组成,但取食不同植物的波型比例、频次及平均持续周期等指标有显著性差异.烟粉虱取食苘麻时,反映被动取食行为的E波比例和平均周期分别达83.8%和20.2min,明显高于其它寄主植物.总体上,B型烟粉虱取食5种寄主植物的适宜度为苘麻>黄瓜>棉花>烟草>甘蓝.烟粉虱在不同寄主植物上的产卵量随产卵时间延长而增加,但增加量明显低于接虫24 h的产卵量.烟粉虱对苘麻的产卵选择性显著高于棉花,但与黄瓜、甘蓝、烟草没有显著的差别.在本试验烟粉虱雌虫密度的范围内,各种寄主植物的产卵量与烟粉虱成虫密度成正相关,高密度下烟粉虱成虫在甘蓝和苘麻上的产卵量显著高于黄瓜、烟草和棉花. 相似文献
2.
寄主植物对烟粉虱实验种群的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文探讨了不同寄主植物对烟粉虱种群暴发的影响,在28℃恒温下,组建了烟粉虱在甘蓝、番茄、茄子、烟草、黄瓜、辣椒、西葫芦、青菜等8种不同寄主植物上的实验种群生命表.结果表明:烟粉虱对寄主有较强的选择性.烟粉虱在黄瓜、番茄上的产卵量最大，平均每头雌虫分别达382头和246头。各寄主植物上烟粉虱种群内禀增长率在0.2433～0.3790之间，取食番茄的内禀增长率rm最大，达0.3790，不同寄主植物上烟粉虱内禀增长率大小依次为番茄＞甘蓝＞黄瓜＞西葫芦＞茄子＞烟草＞辣椒＞青菜。保护地蔬菜面积扩大是烟粉虱种群暴发的重要原因之一. 相似文献
3.
不同寄主种群B型烟粉虱体内营养和成虫体长差异比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
［目的］ 探讨以黄瓜、番茄、棉花及甘蓝4种不同植物为寄主对B型烟粉虱体内主要营养物质及成虫体长的影响。［方法］ 以长期隔离饲养的4个B型烟粉虱寄主种群为材料,测定不同寄主种群身体含水量、总糖、总脂、总蛋白及成虫体长,比较不同种群上述各项指标的差异。 ［结果］ 4个不同寄主种群B型烟粉虱体内总糖和总脂肪含量存在显著差异,而含水量和总蛋白含量差异不显著。总糖含量以棉花种群最高,占干重的9.62%;而黄瓜种群总糖含量最低,占干重的6.15%。总脂肪含量以棉花种群最高,占干重的49.57%;而番茄种群仅占干重的34.96%,含量最低。不同寄主植物对B型烟粉虱成虫的体长影响显著。雌成虫体长变化表现为：黄瓜种群>番茄种群>棉花种群>甘蓝种群;而雄虫体长变化为: 黄瓜种群>棉花种群>甘蓝种群>番茄种群。［结论］ 不同寄主植物对B型烟粉虱体内总糖、总脂含量及成虫体长有明显影响。 相似文献
4.
烟粉虱对不同黄瓜品种的选择性 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
选用10个黄瓜品种通过选择性和非选择性试验,探讨烟粉虱对黄瓜品种的选择性。结果表明,烟粉虱成虫对不同黄瓜品种取食和产卵的选择存在一定差异,最喜好中农19号、裕优3号及22-35RZ,最不喜好四季秋瓜、22-94RZ、春光2号。烟粉虱在不同黄瓜品种上的卵孵化率、羽化率没有显著差异,均能正常发育。黄瓜品种叶毛密度与烟粉虱成虫趋向和产卵量存在显著正相关。 相似文献
5.
比较了取食不同寄主植物的烟粉虱后代羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力。结果表明:寄主植物对烟粉虱羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力影响显著,取食不同寄主植物的烟粉虱后代羧酸酯酶和AChE活力差异显著。在试验的甘蓝、花菜、小白菜和苘麻4种寄主中,取食小白菜、甘蓝的烟粉虱后代种群羧酸酯酶的酶活力显著高于取食花菜和苘麻的,取食小白菜的酶活力最高,是取食苘麻的3.90倍。取食甘蓝的后代种群AChE的酶活力最高,取食苘麻的后代种群酶活力最低;取食花菜与小白菜、小白菜与苘麻之间没有明显差异,但甘蓝与其他寄主上的烟粉虱后代种群之间的差异均达到了极显著水平。取食甘蓝、花菜、小白菜的后代AChE OD值分别为取食苘麻的2.85、2.39倍和1.07倍。 相似文献
6.
寄主植物对B型烟粉虱个体发育和种群繁殖的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
同一原始种群B型烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)],分别在甘蓝、一品红、棉花、番茄和黄瓜连续隔离饲养大约20代后形成5种对应的烟粉虱种群,研究其在甘蓝上各虫态大小、存活率、发育历期、成虫寿命和平均产卵量等生物学参数。在(25±1)℃条件下,一品红种群烟粉虱的1、2、3龄若虫体长和宽均显著低于其他4个种群烟粉虱;发育时间以甘蓝和一品红种群烟粉虱(20.44、19.69d)显著高于番茄种群烟粉虱(19.13d);雌虫寿命以甘蓝种群烟粉虱显著低于一品红、棉花、番茄和黄瓜种群烟粉虱;平均单雌产卵量以一品红种群烟粉虱(169.30粒)显著高于其他4个种群烟粉虱;5个种群烟粉虱在甘蓝上的总存活率均无显著差异。 相似文献
7.
采用室内非选择性试验和皿内饲料吸引选择试验测定了二点委夜蛾对不同植物的产卵选择和取食性的差异。结果表明,二点委夜蛾成虫在不同寄主植物上的产卵选择顺序为小麦(麦茬麦苗)大豆棉花玉米;成虫在同一寄主植物上不同部位的产卵率有一定的差异,小麦和玉米下层产卵率高于上层和中层,而大豆和棉花上层产卵率显著高于中、下层。二点委夜蛾初孵幼虫对寄主植物取食选择顺序为:甘薯棉花大豆马齿苋马唐花生玉米小麦,而叶片取食比例由大到小依次为甘薯马唐花生棉花大豆小麦马齿苋玉米。二点委夜蛾对不同寄主植物的产卵选择性显著不同,对寄主植物的产卵选择性和幼虫取食选择性并不一致。 相似文献
8.
单种或多种寄主植物混合共存对B型烟粉虱成虫的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)成虫对寄主植物多样性的适应性,采用生态测定和生化方法,比较了油菜、棉花、番茄、黄瓜4种寄主植物同时存在与单种寄主植物存在时对B型烟粉虱存活率、产卵量、总蛋白、海藻糖、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutases, SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)、海藻糖酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶等指标的影响.同时,利用“Y”型嗅觉仪,测定了B型烟粉虱雌成虫对4种寄主混合共存和单独存在时的行为反应.结果表明,与单种寄主植物相比,4种寄主植物混合共存时,烟粉虱9 d时存活率显著降低,为(64.0±3.8)%,总产卵量为907±52.5粒,大于棉花,小于油菜、黄瓜,与番茄无显著差异;海藻糖含量及SOD、AKP、海藻糖酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶活性相对增大;行为研究表明4种寄主植物混合共存与单种植物存在时相比,除油菜外,B型烟粉虱雌虫对单种植物选择趋性较强. 相似文献
9.
《中国生物防治学报》2010,(1)
日光温室条件下,将番茄、甘蓝、棉花、茄子、黄瓜5种寄主植物两两组合,研究丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa对组合后寄主植物上烟粉虱若虫的寄生率。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂对番茄与黄瓜、甘蓝与黄瓜组合后的黄瓜上烟粉虱若虫寄生率分别是37.60%、34.60%,显著高于单种黄瓜上的寄生率28.00%;对两种组合中番茄上烟粉虱的寄生率为45.34%(单种)和46.20%(组合),甘蓝上的寄生率为35.38%(单种)和36.40%(组合),差异不显著。其他8组组合中寄主植物上的寄生率间均差异不显著,即寄主植物组合对丽蚜小蜂的寄生影响不大。但无论是寄主植物单种还是寄主植物组合混种对丽蚜小蜂的羽化率都没有显著影响。 相似文献
10.
日光温室条件下,将番茄、甘蓝、棉花、茄子、黄瓜5种寄主植物两两组合,研究丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa对组合后寄主植物上烟粉虱若虫的寄生率。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂对番茄与黄瓜、甘蓝与黄瓜组合后的黄瓜上烟粉虱若虫寄生率分别是37.60%、34.60%,显著高于单种黄瓜上的寄生率28.00%;对两种组合中番茄上烟粉虱的寄生率为45.34%（单种）和46.20%（组合）,甘蓝上的寄生率为35.38%（单种）和36.40%（组合）,差异不显著。其他8组组合中寄主植物上的寄生率间均差异不显著,即寄主植物组合对丽蚜小蜂的寄生影响不大。但无论是寄主植物单种还是寄主植物组合混种对丽蚜小蜂的羽化率都没有显著影响。 相似文献
11.
为研究棉铃虫成虫寄主偏好性和幼虫取食后生存表现之间的关系,明确两者在决定寄主过程中的作用,我们测定了交配后的棉铃虫雌成虫对16种植物(棉花、玉米、大豆、花生、番茄、辣椒、茄子、烟草、黄瓜、胡萝卜、西芹、杨树、月季、菠菜、包菜、大葱)的产卵偏好性和幼虫取食这些植物嫩叶后的存活和发育情况。棉铃虫雌成虫选择在烟草、茄子、棉花、胡萝卜、番茄、辣椒、玉米、西芹、大豆和花生等10种植物上产卵,但只有取食西芹、烟草、番茄、大豆、棉花和胡萝卜等6种植物叶片的初孵幼虫能够完成幼虫阶段的生长发育、化蛹并羽化,且取食植物嫩叶的幼虫的存活率、发育历期、蛹期和蛹重均差于取食人工饲料的幼虫。以上结果表明,棉铃虫雌成虫产卵寄主与其幼虫取食寄主之间存在并非一一对应的关系,幼虫的生存表现限定了棉铃虫的寄主范围。 相似文献
12.
Xie W Wang S Wu Q Feng Y Pan H Jiao X Zhou L Yang X Fu W Teng H Xu B Zhang Y 《Pest management science》2011,67(1):87-93
BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B‐biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC50 values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8‐, 10.3‐ and 7.29‐fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97‐, 1.79‐ and 1.30‐fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term induction of host plants for B‐biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
Pyriproxyfen, a novel juvenile hormone mimic, is a potent suppressor of embryogenesis and adult formation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Dipping of cotton or tomato seedlings infested with 0 to 1-day-old eggs in 0.1 mg litre?1 resulted in over 90% suppression of egg hatch of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Older eggs were affected to a lesser extent. Exposure of whitefly females to cotton or tomato seedlings treated with pyriproxyfen resulted in oviposition of non-viable eggs. The LC90 values for egg viability of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum exposed to treated plants were 0.05 and 0.2 mg litre?1, respectively. Treatment of whitefly larvae with 0.04–5 mg litre?1 resulted in normal development until the pupal stage; however, adult emergence was totally suppressed. Second instars of B. tabaci exposed to 5 mg litre?1 pyriproxyfen, excreted honeydew at a level similar to the control level until the fourth instar (pupation), after which a strong reduction was observed. Inhibition of egg-hatch on the lower surface of cotton leaves was observed when their upper surface was treated with 1–25 mg litre?1, indicating a pronounced translaminar effect. These findings indicate that pyriproxyfen is an efficient control agent of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. The compound has been used successfully for controlling whiteflies in Israeli cotton fields since 1991. Adults of B. tabaci collected from a rose greenhouse and from adjacent cotton fields were monitored during 1991–1993 for their susceptibility to pyriproxyfen. A high level of resistance was recorded in whiteflies collected from a greenhouse after three successive applications of pyriproxyfen. Based on LC50 values, the resistance ratio for egg-hatch suppression was 554-fold and, for adult emergence failure, 10-fold. However, a single treatment of pyriproxyfen in cotton fields during the summer season (according to an insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy) did not alter appreciably the susceptibility of B. tabaci to this compound. In order to prevent development of resistance, an attempt should be made to restrict its use to one treatment per crop season applied during the peak activity of the pest. Pyriproxyfen can be alternated with other novel compounds such as buprofezin and diafenthiuron for controlling whiteflies in cotton, vegetables and ornamentals as part of integrated pest management (IPM) and IRM strategies. In pyriproxyfen- or buprofezin-resistant strains of B. tabaci or T. vaporariorum, no appreciable cross-resistance was observed among pyriproxyfen, buprofezin and diafenthiuron. 相似文献
14.
不同食料对黄地老虎生长发育和繁殖的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
幼虫在不同食料饲养中,以灰藜最好,苘麻最差。前者幼虫期平均23～30.9天,脱皮4～5次,自然死亡率4.3～8.0％;后者则各为46.1～47.1天、6～7次、45％。各种食料饲养的蛹重,以白菜和灰藜较重,马铃薯较轻。蛹重不是决定成虫产卵高低的主要因子,而与幼虫取食食料种类关系较为密切。如幼虫取食白菜、棉花及玉米、马铃薯混杂草者,较取食旋花、马铃薯及玉米者产卵量高0.15～2.23倍,产卵期和寿命亦较长。取食混合食料的幼虫,发育速度和成虫产卵量,一般均较取食单纯一种食料为高。在成虫取食各种花蜜饲养中,以供食蜂蜜红糖水、马蔺花和向日葵花者产卵率和产卵量最高,白菜花、苜蓿花和清水者最低,前者为后者产卵量的1.99～14.06倍,雌蛾产卵率高11.1～35.7％,产卵期和寿命亦以前者为长。从幼虫和成虫取食不同营养对产卵量的对比来看,成虫期补充营养较幼虫期营养更为重要。因而某一地区蜜源植物的种类、分布密度以及蜜源植物花期与成虫发生期的符合程度,是决定某地区黄地老虎种群密度高低、为害轻重的最主要因素之一。 相似文献
15.
The egg parasitoidTrissolcus spp. is the natural enemy of the cabbage bug,Eurydema ornatum L. (Het., Pentatomidae), a destructive pest of cultivated and wild Crucifera. Its preferred host is the wheat bugEurygaster integriceps Put., the most important pest of wheat. In order to rear the parasite for biological control purposes, mass production of
its hostE. ornatum is suggested. In a laboratory study, the fecundity ofE. ornatum feeding on garden cress and radish was significantly higher than on red cabbage, white cabbage, rape or cauliflower. The
oviposition period was significantly longer on garden cress and radish than on the other Crucifera. There was no difference
among the various Crucifera in terms of length of postoviposition period or number of eggs laid per female per day. 相似文献
16.
I. D. Bedford R. W. Briddon P. Jones N. Alkaff P. G. Markham 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(3-4):243-257
Three viruses collected in southern Yemen in 1990, infecting watermelon, tobacco and tomato were shown to be transmitted by the whiteflyBemisia tabaci and to have particle morphologies typical of geminiviruses. Colonies ofB. tabaci collected from different locations and from different hosts were used in virus transmission tests with the same host range of plants. Colonies established from both watermelon and cotton in the Yemen were identified as the squash silverleaf-inducing B biotype. The culture host of the colony did not influence virus acquisition and transmission efficiencies to and from other hosts. The tobacco and tomato geminiviruses had a similar host range, but differed in their severity in some hosts. Both these viruses differed from the watermelon geminivirus in host range and symptoms.Datura stramonium, an alternative host for all three viruses, could be co-infected by the watermelon and tobacco viruses.B. tabaci was able to acquire both viruses from the co-infectedD. stramonium and infect seedlings of either original host plant species with their respective viruses orD. stramonium with both. The viruses were identified as watermelon chlorotic stunt virus, tobacco leaf curl virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus and were distinguished by cross hybridisation. 相似文献
17.
草地贪夜蛾对三种杂草的产卵和取食选择性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索杂草是否可作为草地贪夜蛾产卵和取食的选择对象,本试验以婆婆纳、鹅肠菜和泽漆作为测试植物,比较分析草地贪夜蛾对3种杂草的产卵及取食选择性。结果表明,以3种杂草为选择对象时,婆婆纳上卵块数(14.00块±0.58块)和卵粒数(1 305.00粒±28.16粒)显著高于其他两种杂草;以玉米和婆婆纳为选择对象时,嗜食寄主玉米上的卵块数(16.33块±0.88块)和卵粒数(1 333.00粒±28.04粒)显著高于婆婆纳(分别为12.00块±0.58块和991.00粒±24.09粒)。草地贪夜蛾1～4龄幼虫取食偏好性总体表现为玉米婆婆纳鹅肠菜泽漆,5龄和6龄幼虫对每种植物的取食选择性无明显差异。上述结果说明,在有嗜食寄主玉米时,草地贪夜蛾成虫和低龄幼虫优先选择在玉米上产卵和取食,杂草中对婆婆纳的产卵和取食偏好性显著高于其他杂草,高龄幼虫取食偏好性无显著差异。 相似文献
18.
BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ～2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ～2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献