共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Mutant Trp repressors with new DNA-binding specificities 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the codons for glutamine-68 (Gln68), lysine-72 (Lys72), isoleucine-79 (Ile79), alanine-80 (Ala80), and threonine-81 (Thr81) of the Escherichia coli trpR (tryptophan aporepressor) gene was used to make mutant repressors with each of 36 different amino acid changes. Mutant repressors were tested for binding to each member of a set of 28 different operators closely related to the consensus trp operator. Of the 36 mutant repressors, 11 bind a subset of the 28 operators; 5 of these have new binding specificities. These new specificities indicate that the hydroxyl group of Thr81 makes a specific contact with one of the four critical base pairs in a trp operator half-site, and the methyl group of Thr81 determines specificity at a second, critical base pair. The Trp repressor does not use the first two amino acids of its "recognition alpha-helix," Ile79 and Ala80, to make sequence-specific DNA contacts, and interacts with its operator in vivo in a way fundamentally different from the way that phage lambda repressor, lambda Cro protein, and coliphage 434 repressor contact their respective binding sites. 相似文献
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Novel fold and putative receptor binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates the development of and the cytotoxic activity of white blood cells. Recombinant human GM-CSF has proven useful in the treatment of blood disorders. The structure of GM-CSF, which was determined at 2.4 angstrom resolution by x-ray crystallography, has a novel fold combining a two-stranded antiparallel beta sheet with an open bundle of four alpha helices. Residues implicated in receptor recognition, which are distant in the primary sequence, are on adjacent alpha helices in the folded protein. A working model for the receptor binding site is presented. 相似文献
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‘幸香’草莓白肉突变体与野生型的生物学特性和品质比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】比较‘幸香’草莓白肉突变体与野生型在生物学特性及果实品质上的差别,为探讨草莓白肉果实形成原因,以及进一步揭示草莓果实品质形成机理奠定基础。【方法】以‘幸香’草莓白肉突变体及野生型植株为试材,记录物候期,调查植株形态指标,测定光合特性,统计产量,测定糖含量、花色素苷含量、香气等果实品质相关指标,分析白肉突变体与野生型在各项指标上的差异。【结果】白肉突变体与野生型在物候期上相近;白肉突变体的叶片数显著低于野生型,而中间小叶的叶面积大于野生型,二者的单株总叶面积和光合特性相关指标差异不显著;在红熟期,白肉突变体果肉中花色素苷含量仅是野生型中的13.7%,而白肉突变体可溶性总糖含量显著高于野生型;白肉突变体果实中酯类物质含量高于野生型,在粉熟期,突变体果实中橙花叔醇和沉香醇的含量分别是野生型的40.8倍和3.1倍。【结论】‘幸香’草莓白肉突变体果实中花色素苷含量比野生型大幅度减少,同时糖含量和香气物质含量增加,但是,突变体与野生型的单株总叶面积和光合特性没有明显差异。 相似文献
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几丁质酶中存在结合口袋及水解活性位点，关键氨基酸与底物几丁质的结合可调控酶的水解活性。以嗜热几丁质酶Chi304为研究材料，采用同源建模分析其高级结构，发现在其底物结合口袋附近存在2个色氨酸（W140与W272），将其定点突变为丙氨酸后，采用高效液相色谱检测酶的水解产物，并进一步分析水解产物三乙酰壳三糖（DP3）与二乙酰壳二糖（DP2）的比例（DP3/DP2），用于评估突变体的效果。结果表明，突变体W140A、W272A与W140/272A水解胶体几丁质产物DP3/DP2分别较野生型提升23.3%、45.7%与80.0%。由此表明，W140与W272是影响酶与底物结合的关键氨基酸，将其突变为丙氨酸可提升Chi304的内切活力，降低外切活力。 相似文献
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Regulation of an enzyme by phosphorylation at the active site 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
J H Hurley A M Dean J L Sohl D E Koshland R M Stroud 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,249(4972):1012-1016
The isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli is an example of a ubiquitous class of enzymes that are regulated by covalent modification. In the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme-substrate complex, isocitrate forms a hydrogen bond with Ser113, the site of regulatory phosphorylation. The structures of Asp113 and Glu113 mutants, which mimic the inactivation of the enzyme by phosphorylation, show minimal conformational changes from wild type, as in the phosphorylated enzyme. Calculations based on observed structures suggest that the change in electrostatic potential when a negative charge is introduced either by phosporylation or site-directed mutagenesis is sufficient to inactivate the enzyme. Thus, direct interaction at a ligand binding site is an alternative mechanism to induced conformational changes from an allosteric site in the regulation of protein activity by phosphorylation. 相似文献
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【目的】确定玉米大斑病菌转录因子StSte12在基因组中的位置,分析目的蛋白质StSte12的结构特征;明确StSTE12在病菌不同发育时期的表达情况;筛选可能受StSte12转录因子调控的基因,分析其匹配序列的结构特征,并比较它们在病菌的中表达情况。【方法】利用生物信息学方法,确定StSte12在玉米大斑病菌基因组中的位置并解析目的蛋白质StSte12的结构特征;利用Western blot技术分析StSTE12在病菌不同发育时期的表达规律;根据酿酒酵母Ste12转录因子的下游调控基因,筛选病菌中可能受StSte12调控的功能基因;并利用生物信息学方法得出下游调控基因的结合位点;利用RT-PCR技术,分析这些基因在StSTE12 RNAi转化子与野生型菌株中的表达情况。【结果】StSTE12的 ID为105656,该基因位于scaffold_13正链的1061747-1064127位置;该蛋白具有Ste12-like蛋白特有的保守结构域（STE homeodomain和ZnF_C2H2锌指结构）及空间结构;StSTE12在附着胞时期表达量最大;筛选了部分StSte12调控基因,与StSte12的匹配序列为T\C GAAAC A\G,中间部分GAAAC非常保守;StKAR5在野生型中表达量小于StSTE12 RNAi转化子,StBEM2、StBUD8、StCHS7相反;StRAX2的表达量在野生型和转化子中一致。【结论】StSte12具有Ste12-like所特有的DNA结合结构域和空间结构;该蛋白在附着胞发育中发挥重要功能;筛选了部分StSte12的调控基因,其匹配序列可概括为T\C GAAAC A\G,且证实了这些基因受StSte12调控。 相似文献
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一个短季棉芽黄基因型的鉴定及生理生化分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】鉴定新的早熟棉花芽黄突变体,为揭示航天诱变机理和芽黄突变体的利用提供理论基础。【方法】以中棉所58芽黄突变体为材料与野生型、棉花中期库17份芽黄材料进行正、反交,通过遗传学分析、叶绿体的超微结构观察和抗氧化系统酶活性测定,比较中棉所58芽黄突变体Vsp与野生型的各性状差异。【结果】中棉所58芽黄突变体Vsp和野生型中棉所58正、反交F2叶色表现符合绿叶﹕黄叶为3﹕1的分离结果,说明该突变体的芽黄性状由隐性核基因控制,中棉所58芽黄突变体Vsp和其它17份芽黄材料正、反交,虽有材料杂交后代有极个别表现芽黄表型,但绝大部分（95%以上）都表现为正常绿色,说明控制中棉所58芽黄突变体Vsp芽黄性状的基因和其它17份已经鉴定的芽黄材料控制该性状的基因不等位。叶绿体的超微结构表明,芽黄突变体叶绿体发育存在一定的缺陷,发育比较滞后,基粒类囊体和基质类囊体垛叠数较少,排列比较混乱,但随着叶片的不断发育,之后逐渐达到野生型的发育水平。芽黄材料的株高、果枝数、大铃、小铃、产量和纤维品质显著低于对照,芽黄突变体的SOD和CAT活性低于对照,POD活性高于对照,说明其抗氧化能力远低于对照。【结论】利用航天诱变技术,经过多代连续自交,获得芽黄性状稳定遗传且不同于棉花中期库17份已有芽黄材料的芽黄突变体中棉所58Vsp,该芽黄性状受一对隐性核基因控制;该芽黄突体的抗氧化系统酶活性、色素含量、叶绿素合成前提物质及叶绿体的超微结构均受到一定的影响。 相似文献
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矮化大豆突变体叶片生理生化特性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
矮化是一种优良的农艺性状。以"东农42"为野生型,以NaN3处理它而获得的矮化大豆"东泽11号"为突变体,对突变体与野生型叶片的生理生化特性进行了比较研究。结果表明,突变体叶绿素含量、还原糖含量、游离氨基酸含量、过氧化物酶活性随生育期延长逐渐增大,除50 d生育期时突变体叶绿素含量大于野生型外,其它生育期均表现为突变体小于野生型,叶绿素a/b两材料均接近2.6/1。生育期20、40 d时,突变体的还原糖含量、游离氨基酸含量小于野生型;生育期50 d时,突变体大于野生型。生育期20 d时,突变体的过氧化物酶活性略小于野生型;其它生育期时,突变体大于野生型。 相似文献
11.
Barbera AJ Chodaparambil JV Kelley-Clarke B Joukov V Walter JC Luger K Kaye KM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5762):856-861
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) mediates viral genome attachment to mitotic chromosomes. We find that N-terminal LANA docks onto chromosomes by binding nucleosomes through the folded region of histones H2A-H2B. The same LANA residues were required for both H2A-H2B binding and chromosome association. Further, LANA did not bind Xenopus sperm chromatin, which is deficient in H2A-H2B; chromatin binding was rescued after assembly of nucleosomes containing H2A-H2B. We also describe the 2.9-angstrom crystal structure of a nucleosome complexed with the first 23 LANA amino acids. The LANA peptide forms a hairpin that interacts exclusively with an acidic H2A-H2B region that is implicated in the formation of higher order chromatin structure. Our findings present a paradigm for how nucleosomes may serve as binding platforms for viral and cellular proteins and reveal a previously unknown mechanism for KSHV latency. 相似文献
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【目的】敲除禾谷镰孢（Fusarium graminearum）中碳源代谢调控因子FgCreA,并对其营养生长、有性生殖和致病力等方面进行研究,为研究禾谷镰孢中碳源代谢机制提供依据。【方法】根据酵母数据库SGD和NCBI数据库中的序列,利用酿酒酵母中碳源代谢调控因子Mig1确定禾谷镰孢中的碳源调控因子FgCreA;在NCBI数据库中检索其他物种中碳源代谢调控蛋白,使用ClustalW2软件进行多重序列比对,并用MEGA5软件构建系统进化树,同时在InterProScan网站上预测其蛋白结构域;在NCBI数据库中检索与禾谷镰孢碳源吸收相关的结构基因和真菌毒素DON生物合成的相关基因,调取起始密码子上游1 000 bp的片段,预测FgCREA基因结合位点位置;用Primer5软件设计引物,利用Split-PCR和PEG介导原生质体转化的方法进行基因敲除,并通过PCR和Southern blot验证获得FgCREA基因敲除突变体Fgcrea。根据突变体Fgcrea营养生长、有性生殖和致病力等方面的变化分析FgCREA的功能。【结果】通过生物信息学方法,明确禾谷镰孢中只有一个碳源代谢调控因子基因FgCREA(FGSG_09715),氨基酸序列416 aa,共包含两个保守的C2H2锌指结构区域。FgCreA同源蛋白在各类真菌中均存在一定程度的同源性,具有较高的保守性。禾谷镰孢碳源吸收相关结构基因（XYL2、ARA1、ICL1、PG1、SUC2）和真菌毒素DON生物合成相关基因（TRI1、TRI3、TRI4、TRI5、TRI6、TRI7、TRI8、TRI10、TRI12、TRI101）启动子区均含有FgCREA DNA结合位点。采用Split-PCR技术和PEG介导的原生质体转化,通过PCR和Southern blot获得并验证了两个FgCREA基因敲除突变体。表型观察发现,突变体Fgcrea的生长速度与野生型相比下降90%;分生孢子形态正常,但产孢量与野生型相比降低88%;有性生殖阶段,突变体Fgcrea可以产生正常的子囊壳、子囊和子囊孢子,但需要比野生型长20-28 d;突变体Fgcrea对钠盐较敏感,侵染小麦穗不发病。【结论】获得禾谷镰孢碳代谢调控因子FgCreA敲除突变体,明确FgCreA参与营养生长和有性生殖,并能够影响致病过程。但是否影响相关结构基因的转录水平和DON生物合成仍需进一步验证。 相似文献
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The large ribosomal subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation and binds initiation, termination, and elongation factors. We have determined the crystal structure of the large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui at 2.4 angstrom resolution, and it includes 2833 of the subunit's 3045 nucleotides and 27 of its 31 proteins. The domains of its RNAs all have irregular shapes and fit together in the ribosome like the pieces of a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle to form a large, monolithic structure. Proteins are abundant everywhere on its surface except in the active site where peptide bond formation occurs and where it contacts the small subunit. Most of the proteins stabilize the structure by interacting with several RNA domains, often using idiosyncratically folded extensions that reach into the subunit's interior. 相似文献
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矮化大豆突变体叶片解剖结构及过氧化物酶活性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
以"东农42"为野生型,以NaN3处理它而获得的矮化突变体"东泽11号"为突变体,采用石蜡切片法对野生型及突变体叶片进行解剖结构研究。结果表明,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、海绵组织占叶片厚度为突变体均小于野生型,栅栏组织占叶片厚度、栅/海比为突变体大于野生型,且随着矮化程度的加深而增大。突变体的叶主脉维管束个数、导管个数、导管直径、输水面积、韧皮部面积均小于野生型。栅/海可作为矮化的筛选指标。愈创木酚法测定野生型及突变体叶片过氧化物酶活性发现,突变体与野生型过氧化物酶活性随生育期延长均有增大的趋势;生育期20 d时,突变体的过氧化物酶活性略小于野生型,差异不显著;生育期30、40、50 d时,突变体过氧化物酶活性大于野生型,差异1%水平极显著。大豆矮化与过氧化物酶活性正相关。 相似文献
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The three-dimensional solution structure of a zinc finger nucleic acid binding motif has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spectra of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a single zinc finger from the Xenopus protein Xfin yielded distance and dihedral angle constraints that were used to generate structures from distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The zinc finger is an independently folded domain with a compact globular structure in which the zinc atom is bound by two cysteine and two histidine ligands. The polypeptide backbone fold consists of a well-defined helix, starting as alpha and ending as 3(10) helix, packed against two beta strands that are arranged in a hairpin structure. A high density of basic and polar amino acid side chains on the exposed face of the helix are probably involved in DNA binding. 相似文献
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低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文) 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant. 相似文献
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[目的]研究低叶绿素b水稻突变体抗氧化酶系统在缓解光氧化伤害中的作用。[方法]以低叶绿素b水稻突变体和野生型为材料,对其叶绿体中过氧化氢(H2O2)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和同工酶谱进行了比较。[结果]与野生型相比,突变体叶片细胞及叶绿体中抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT的同工酶种类相对较多,酶活性相对较高;强光条件下,突变体叶绿体H2O2的含量低于野生型叶绿体。[结论]较强的内源活性氧清除系统减轻了强光下过剩光能对光合膜的光氧化伤害,是该突变体PSII具有较高稳定性的重要原因。 相似文献
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【目的】通过同源重组敲除技术,解析菌丝型大丽轮枝菌中蛋白激酶A催化亚基基因VdPKAC1在调控微菌核发育、产孢及其致病力方面的作用。【方法】利用Invitrogen公司的Gateway®技术构建VdPKAC1的同源重组敲除质粒。该质粒的潮霉素抗性基因盒两端分别为靶标基因5′和3′端各1 kb的DNA序列。通过农杆菌AGL-1的介导,将该质粒的T-DNA区域整合到来源于棉花的菌丝型大丽轮枝菌V07DF2菌株中。从6个随机选择的含有潮霉素抗性基因片段的转化子中,通过靶标基因的PCR检测,获得了5个VdPKAC1基因敲除突变体。经过Southern杂交检测,选择了3个敲除突变体材料（2B5、C5和HH2）进行突变表型的观察和分析。在液体PDB培养7 d后观察敲除突变体与野生型菌株的黑色素产生情况;在固体PDA培养28 d后,观察敲除突变体与野生菌株的菌丝生长和休眠结构形成情况。此外,利用棉花根提取物对液体Cazpek-Dox培养7 d的各菌株分别进行诱导处理,在处理24、72 h后分别统计分生孢子数量,以此对敲除突变体和野生菌株的分生孢子产生能力进行评估。最后,将孢子浓度为1×107个/mL的突变体和野生菌株的分生孢子液灌根接种2叶期的棉花,测定其致病力。【结果】Southern杂交结果表明,在上述5个敲除突变体中,只有2B5和C5两个菌株为T-DNA单拷贝插入,而其他菌株均存在T-DNA异位整合的情况。在PDA培养条件下,3个敲除突变体（2B5、C5和HH2）与野生型相比具有黑色素合成增加,气生菌丝更加发达的特点。其中,敲除突变体2B5和C5在平板培养条件下还形成了野生型菌株没有的、与典型微菌核形态不同的深褐色“链状休眠菌丝体结构”。在棉花根提取物的诱导处理下,3个敲除突变体产生的分生孢子数量少于野生型菌株。另外,致病力分析结果表明,敲除突变体材料仍然具有一定的致病力,但却显著弱于野生菌株V07DF2。【结论】在大丽轮枝菌中,通过蛋白激酶A介导的环腺苷酸信号途径控制多种重要性状,而VdPKAC1是这一途径中的重要成员。以前的报道证实,VdPKAC1负调控微菌核的数量,而本研究利用菌丝型菌株V07DF2在PDA培养基上不产生微菌核的这一特性,通过同源重组原理敲除该负调控基因,成功获得可以在PDA上产生休眠结构的菌丝型大丽轮枝菌菌株的突变体。这些突变体材料将为大丽轮枝菌微菌核发育信号途径及其调控基因的发掘提供平台和基础。 相似文献