共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
D. Luquet J. C. Soulié M. C. Rebolledo L. Rouan A. Clément‐Vidal M. Dingkuhn 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(5):385-398
Early vigour is an important objective in rice breeding. A previous study reported strong positive effects of development rate (DR, 1/phyllochron) on early growth vigour in two rice panels. This study provided a model‐based analysis of DR effects on rice early vigour and underlying source–sink processes during exponential growth, using Ecomeristem model. Relevant model parameters were fitted to panel observations, and their effect on early vigour was quantified. A sensitivity analysis was performed to quantify the impact of model parameters on simulation outputs. The simulated behaviour of a population of virtual genotypes defined by the combination of model parameter values was compared with that of diversity panel. Finally, a simulation experiment was conducted to analyse source–sink adjustments constituting early vigour across a range of DR. Parameters governing structural development, particularly DR, had greater impact on vigour than parameters for resource acquisition. High DR was associated with rapid dry weight accumulation and low transitory carbohydrate reserves in both real and virtual populations. Genotypic DR is thus a major driver of early vigour in rice under stress‐free conditions. To evaluate traits contributing to vigour, the capacity of crop models to simulate interactions between structural development and resource acquisition must be improved. 相似文献
2.
Growth analyses of tomato genotypes grown under low night temperatures and low light intensity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Summary In three experiments the growth of 16 genotypes of tomato was examined. The plants were raised in growth rooms at a day temperature of 19°C and night temperatures of 14, 10 or 6°C respectively under a light intensity of 24 Wm-2 visible radiation and a daylength of 8 hours. The results were analysed by a multivariate analysis of variance.Relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) decreased with time. The change in net assimilation rate (NAR) was small. The decrease in RGR was mainly due to the decrease in LAR.RGR, LAR and SLA were lower and LWR slightly higher at lower night temperatures. NAR was hardly affected. The lower RGR at lower night temperatures was mainly due to a lower SLA.Significant differences between genotypes were found in total dry weight, NAR, LAR, SLA and LWR, but hardly in RGR. Significant genotype × temperature interactions occurred.LAR and SLA were positively, NAR and LAR, and NAR and SLA negatively correlated. 相似文献
3.
Influence of High Shoot and Root-Zone Temperatures on Growth of Three Wheat Genotypes during Early Vegetative Stages 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. S. A. Tahir N. Nakata T. Yamaguchi J. Nakano & A. M. Ali 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(2):141-151
High temperatures, whether of shoot or root, are reported to affect shoot and root growth of various plant species. The scanty information available on the differential response of wheat genotypes to high shoot and root‐zone temperatures triggered this investigation to study the response and adaptation of shoot and root growth of three wheat genotypes to high shoot and root‐zone temperatures during early growth stages. Three wheat genotypes; Fang (heat tolerant), Siete Cerros (heat sensitive) and Imam (recent cultivar adapted to a hot irrigated environment) were grown in soil and hydroponically. Three shoot/root‐zone temperatures (23/23, 23/35 and 35/35 °C for the soil experiment and 22/22, 22/38 and 38/38 °C for the hydroponic experiment) were applied at three‐leaf growth stage. High root‐zone temperature alone or combined with high shoot temperature reduced xylem sap flow rate, root dry weight, root length and root/shoot ratio. Unexpectedly, shoot fresh and dry weights and relative growth rate (RGR) were not significantly affected by the high root‐zone temperature except for the susceptible genotype, Siete Cerros, after prolonged exposure in the hydroponic experiment. In contrast, high shoot/root‐zone temperature significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights from as early as the first week of the hydroponic experiment. The 38/38 °C treatment also caused significant reduction in RGR and net assimilation rate during the first 2 weeks, but no significant differences were found during the last 2 weeks compared with 22/22 °C. Interesting responses were observed among genotypes in terms of shoot and root dry weights and root/shoot ratio at 38/38 °C treatment. The heat‐sensitive Siete Cerros showed the least reduction in these traits during the first 2 weeks while the heat‐tolerant Fang and Imam responded by greatly reducing their shoot and root weights. The situation was almost reversed with the duration of treatments such that Siete Cerros became the most affected genotype while Fang and Imam were better adapted to high shoot/root‐zone temperature. Specific root weight was the exceptional trait that increased under high temperature treatments. Results indicate that despite the reduction in root length and weight observed under high root‐zone temperature, shoot growth was not much affected suggesting that the use of suitable cultivar coupled with proper management could alleviate most of high root‐zone temperature effects during early growth stages. 相似文献
4.
氮素基、蘖肥减量对水稻生长及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究水稻氮肥减量施用的有效途径,以粳稻品种‘通粳981’和‘南粳44’为材料,利用小区试验研究了在穗肥施用量相同条件下氮素基、蘖肥不同施用水平对水稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明：氮素基、蘖肥减量降低水稻高峰分蘖数,对水稻高峰分蘖数出现时期影响不大;氮素基、蘖肥减量使水稻剑叶抽穗后7天叶绿素含量增加,降低水稻干物质的积累,对水稻农艺性状影响不大;氮素基肥减少50%增加了叶基角与叶开角,降低了披垂度;氮素基肥减50%提高水稻成穗率、千粒重,使水稻增产或稳产。 相似文献
5.
A mapping population of 96 BC1F9lines (Backcross Inbred Lines: BILs),derived by a single-seed descent method rom a backcross of Nipponbare (japonica) / Kasalath (indica // Nippon are, was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf bronzing index (LBI), stem dry weight (SDW), tiller
number (TN) and root dry weight (RDW) under Fe2+ stress condition in rice. Two parents and 96 BILs were phenotyped for the traits by growing them in Fe2+ toxicity nutrient solution. A total of four QTLs were detected on chromosome 1 and 3, respectively, with LOD of QTLs ranging
from 3.17 to 7.03. One QTL controlling LBI, DW, N and RDW was located at the region of C955-C885 on chromosome 1, and their
contributions to whole variation were 20.5%, 36.9%, 43.9% and 38.8%,respectively. The QTL located at the region of C955-C885
on chromosome 1 may be important to ferrous iron toxicity tolerance in rice. Another QTL for SDW and RDW was located at the
region of C25-C515 on chromosome 3, with respective contributions of 47.9% and 35.0% to whole variation. Further, two QTLs
on chromosome 1 were located for RDW at the region of R2329-R210 and for TN at the region of R1928-C178. Comparing with the
other mapping results, the QTL located at the region of C955-C885 on chromosome 1 was identical with the results reported
previously. There is a linkage between a TL detected under Fe2+ stress condition for stem and root dry weight and a QTL detected under phosphorus-deficiency condition for dry weight on
chromosome 3.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
杂交中稻再生力与头季稻农艺性状的相关性研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
为探明杂交中稻再生力与头季稻农艺性状的关系，给强再生力品种（组合）的选择提供依据，选用229个杂交组合，经3次试验，再生力与头季稻性状的相关及通径分析表明，⑴能体现碳水化合物遗留量的成熟期单茎茎鞘干重，对再生力的直接效应最大或接近最大，两者呈极显著正相关，且其回归方程具较好的预测功能，故可将茎鞘干重作为衡量杂交中稻组合再生力的重要指标。⑵对群体生态环境影响较大的穴有效穗数，与再生力的简单负相关均不显著，偏相关却均极显著，直接效应亦较大，显示其是影响再生力的重要性状。⑶与再生力呈负相关的株高、剑叶长度、穗着粒数、穗实粒重、成熟期以及呈正相关的分蘖力，3次试验的效应均不一致，说明它们对再生力的影响不够稳定。 相似文献
7.
不同水稻氮利用效率基因型的物质生产与积累特性 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26
选用氮素利用高效型和低效型具有代表性的12个粳稻品种，研究225 kg hm-2施氮条件下各基因型水稻物质生产与积累特性及其与氮利用效率的相互关系。结果表明，不同氮效率类型水稻群体茎蘖数没有鲜明的特征差异，但氮高效类型水稻的茎蘖成穗率极显著高于氮低效类型。氮高效类型水稻物质生产与积累具有“前稳、中小、后高”的特性，即在有效分蘖临界叶龄期前具有适宜的叶面积、光合势和群体生长速率，物质积累具一定优势，但其占全生育期总积累量的比例较少；有效分蘖临界叶龄至拔节阶段，无效分蘖发生少，叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长速率低，物质积累也不具优势；拔节以后，具有良好的群体质量，叶面积增长较快，群体光合势和生长速率加大，物质积累优势较为明显。不同氮效率类型水稻物质生产与积累的特性不仅可以解释水稻氮素利用的品种间差异，同时也为生产上提高水稻氮利用效率提供了可行的调控途径。 相似文献
8.
Breeding of cut and pot rose cultivars for efficient production under low-energy conditions in greenhouses will be facilitated
by understanding the inheritance of vigour. To get insight into the genetic variation of vigour-related traits, a diploid
rose population was employed for an evaluation study in greenhouses in The Netherlands and Denmark. For all the traits investigated
the population showed a continuous quantitative variation as well as a considerable transgression. For most of the traits,
the genetic variation found among the tested entries was highly significant and tended to be large in comparison to the effects
of genotype by environment interaction. The heritability based on means of the traits was high and ranged from 68 to 92%.
Strong simple correlations (r = 0.65 to 0.95) were found among the traits shoot length, leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight and
growth rate. The total dry weight and leaf area are suggested to be good parameters for early selection of rose genotypes
with vigorous growth under suboptimal growth conditions. 相似文献
9.
利用染色体片段代换系定位水稻叶片形态性状QTL 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻叶片形态是理想株型的重要组成部分,控制叶片形态基因的挖掘对于塑造水稻理想株型,实现水稻超高产目标具有重要意义。本研究利用广陆矮4号为受体亲本,日本晴为供体亲本构建的一套染色体片段代换系,对水稻上三叶(倒一叶、倒二叶和倒三叶)形态性状与单株籽粒产量进行了相关性分析,并开展了相关QTL定位。结果表明,除剑叶宽外,水稻上三叶的叶长、叶宽都与单株产量呈极显著正相关。同时,通过单因素方差分析和Dunnett’s多重比较,在两年间重复检测到20个控制叶形的QTL,其中叶长QTL 13个(8个表现正向效应,5个表现负向效应);叶宽QTL 7个(4个表现正向效应,3个表现负向效应)。这些QTL的鉴定为水稻叶形性状的分子改良提供了重要遗传信息。 相似文献
10.
基于图像处理的冬小麦植被覆盖率测定及其遗传解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植被覆盖率是反映植株生长势的重要生理性状,在旱作地区尤为重要。图像处理技术能够快速有效地对苗期和孕穗期植被覆盖率进行量化分析。以28份山东小麦主栽品种和品系为材料,在240株 m-2和360株 m-2密度下,连续2年测定了孕穗前不同发育阶段的植被覆盖率,并利用921个DArT标记和83个SSR标记分析了与植被覆盖率相关的遗传区段。结果表明。不同密度下,冬小麦植被覆盖率在越冬期、返青期和孕穗期存在显著差异,而起身期基本一致。起身期植被覆盖率与春季最高分蘖数、抽穗后群体叶面积指数、单位面积穗数和籽粒产量均呈显著正相关,r = 0.73~0.76 (P<0.01),表明起身期植被覆盖率可用于预测上述性状。共检测出12个遗传区段与植被覆盖率相关联,大部分区段直接参与调控苗期和孕穗期的生长势。10个遗传区段与已报道的苗期性状、产量性状及抗病位点一致,其中5BL、6AS和6BL染色体上携带的植被覆盖率相关遗传区段与已报道的苗期比叶面积和生物量等位点完全相同。建议将植被覆盖率作为生长势量化指标,用于育种选择和遗传研究。 相似文献
11.
M. Madhavan V. S. Shanmugasundaram Sp. Palaniappan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1986,157(1):43-51
A field experiment was conducted during khariff 1984 in sandy clay loam soil under irrigated condition at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, with a view (i) to find out the possibility of introducing short duration dwarf variety of sorghum CO 22 as an intercrop with pigeonpea genotypes, (ii) to study the effect of different plant population levels and intercropping of sorghum CO 22 on pigeonpea genotypes, and (iii) to find out compatible pigeonpea genotypes and plant population level for pigeonpea based intercropping system with sorghum CO 22.
It was observed that increased plant density significantly increased the dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) during early stages and reduced the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and CCR during later part of the growth. Intercropping of sorghum CO 22 significantly reduced the dry matter production LAI, CGR, NAR and RGR. Plants in the intercropped stands recorded higher CGR, NAR and RGR during later part of the growth. Among pigeonpea genotypes CO 5 was much affected due to intercropping with sorghum CO 22. 相似文献
It was observed that increased plant density significantly increased the dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) during early stages and reduced the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and CCR during later part of the growth. Intercropping of sorghum CO 22 significantly reduced the dry matter production LAI, CGR, NAR and RGR. Plants in the intercropped stands recorded higher CGR, NAR and RGR during later part of the growth. Among pigeonpea genotypes CO 5 was much affected due to intercropping with sorghum CO 22. 相似文献
12.
白三叶种质资源主要数量性状的变异与相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)种质资源农艺性状变异和相关性,揭示各种质材料的特征特性和种质资源群间的遗传关系,本研究对78份白三叶种质的12个主要数量性状的变异和相关性进行了分析。结果表明：这些种质材料存在着丰富的遗传多样性,各个数量性状间均呈正相关,植株高度与小叶长度、小叶宽度、小叶大小、叶柄长度呈显著正相关;小叶长度与小叶宽度、小叶大小呈极显著正相关,与叶柄长度、叶柄直径呈显著正相关;小叶宽度与小叶大小呈极显著正相关,与叶柄长度、花柄直径呈显著正相关;小叶大小与叶柄长度、叶柄直径、花柄直径呈显著正相关。该批种质材料能为各类白三叶育种和遗传研究提供较为丰富的亲本材料。 相似文献
13.
178 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) strains were tested for 2 years under dryland conditions in Bursa, Turkey. Broad-sense heritability of the traits was calculated for each trait. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between seed and straw yield, with several morphological and reproductive traits, were obtained. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high for 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Heritability values for both seed and straw yield were small and insignificant. Harvest index, 1000-seed weight and spring vigour showed significant positive correlations with seed yield, but days to flower correlated negatively with seed yield. Spring vigour, plant height and number of leaflets per leaf correlated positively, while harvest index, seeds per pod and seeds per plant correlated negatively with straw yield. Correlations between seed and straw yield were both positive and significant. 相似文献
14.
双季稻区不同栽培方式对早稻生育期、干物质积累及产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为探明洞庭湖平原双季稻区不同栽培方式对早稻生育期、干物质积累及产量的影响, 以常规稻和杂交稻为材料, 系统比较研究了塑料软盘育秧抛栽、手插和机插3种栽培方式。结果表明, 与机插相比, 抛栽和手插促进了早稻生育进程, 全生育期缩短, 抛栽和手插分别缩短5~8 d和2~4 d。群体根系和地上部干重均表现为抛栽>手插>机插, 差异均达显著水平。成熟期植株根系和穗干物质占总干物质量的比例为抛栽>手插>机插, 茎干物质的比例为手插>抛栽>机插; 叶干物质比例在分蘖期和齐穗期为机插>手插>抛栽, 灌浆期和成熟期为手插>抛栽>机插。分蘖期、齐穗期和灌浆期, 抛栽和手插水稻叶片SPAD值均显著高于机插; 成熟期, 各处理间无显著差异。水稻叶面积指数表现为抛栽>手插>机插。不同栽培方式间水稻产量差异显著, 抛栽最高, 机插最低; 抛栽和手插分别比机插增产1203.3~1346.7 kg hm-2和776.7~1045.4 kg hm-2。说明不同栽培方式水稻干物质积累和产量有各自特征, 与手插和机插相比, 抛栽处理干物质总量大而且分配合理, 有利于改善产量构成因素, 增加水稻产量。 相似文献
15.
Thirty diverse genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated for seed vigour index, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root‐to‐shoot length ratio, coleoptile length and osmotic membrane stability under laboratory conditions. Considerable variation was observed for all the characters. Discrimination among the genotypes on the basis of mean values was better under normal than under moisture stress conditions, indicating suppression of variability under moisture stress conditions. Comparison of mean performance under normal and osmotic stress conditions indicated that the seed vigour index was the most sensitive trait, followed by shoot length, germination percentage and root length. The root‐to‐shoot length ratio, however, increased under osmotic stress. The magnitude of genetic components of variance and heritability were, in general, lower under osmotic stress than under normal conditions. All the characters except germination percentage, shoot length and coleoptile length showed considerable genetic variability. Heritability in the broad sense was also moderate to high for all the characters under both environments. Due to high heritability and genetic advance great benefit from selection can be expected for the osmotic membrane stability of leaf segments and root‐to‐shoot length ratio. Moderate progress can be expected from root length and seed vigour index. Correlation studies indicated that the osmotic membrane stability of the leaf segment was the most important trait, followed by root‐to‐shoot ratio and root length on the basis of their relationships with other traits. 相似文献
16.
17.
Developing tolerant genotypes is crucial for stabilizing maize productivity under drought stress conditions as it is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yields. Twenty seven genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for drought tolerance for three seasons under well watered and water stressed conditions to identify interactions amongst various tolerance traits and grain yield as well as their association with SSR markers. The study revealed considerable genetic diversity and significant variations for genotypes, environment and genotype × environment interactions for all the traits. The ranking of genotypes based on drought susceptibility index for morpho-physiological traits was similar to that based on grain yield and principal component analysis. Analysis of trait – trait and trait – yield associations indicated significant positive correlations amongst the water relations traits of relative water content (RWC), leaf water potential and osmotic potential as well as of RWC with grain yield under water stressed condition. Molecular analysis using 40 SSRs revealed 32 as polymorphic and 62 unique alleles were detected across 27 genotypes. Cluster analysis resulted in categorization of the genotypes into five distinct groups which was similar to that using principal component analysis. Based on overall performance across seasons tolerant and susceptible genotypes were identified for eventual utilization in breeding programs as well as for QTL identification. The marker-trait association analysis revealed significant associations between few SSR markers with water relations as well as yield contributing traits under water stressed conditions. These associations highlight the importance of functional mechanisms of intrinsic tolerance and cumulative traits for drought tolerance in maize. 相似文献
18.
不同耐镉基因型水稻农艺和生理性状的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
于2004和2005年在扬州大学试验农场进行了不同耐镉基因型水稻农艺和生理性状的比较研究。2个耐镉(Cd)基因型汕优63(杂交籼稻)和扬粳9538(粳稻)及2个Cd敏感基因型扬稻6号(籼稻)和武运粳7号(粳稻)种植于盆钵。于移栽前盆钵土中加入Cd, 浓度为150 mg kg-1(Cd处理), 以未加Cd为对照(CK)。Cd处理后, 耐Cd基因型籽粒产量较CK降低6.2%~8.9%, Cd敏感基因型产量较对照降低38.3%~47.1%。每盆穗数和每穗颖花数显著减少是减产的主要原因, 结实率和千粒重在Cd处理和CK间无显著差异。Cd处理显著抑制Cd敏感基因型的分蘖发生, 导致整个生育期干物质积累的显著下降, 但对物质运转率和收获指数无显著影响。在Cd胁迫下, 分蘖至拔节期Cd敏感基因型的根系活力、叶片光合速率、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性明显低于耐Cd基因型, 叶片超氧自由基和过氧化氢含量、乙烯释放速率及根系伤流液中1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸浓度则显著高于耐Cd基因型。抽穗以后Cd对上述生理指标以及整个生育时期叶片脱落酸含量无显著影响。说明Cd对水稻生长发育的影响主要在生育前期(分蘖至拔节期), 此期分蘖发生多、根系活力和叶片抗氧化保护系统能力强及乙烯合成少是耐Cd基因型水稻的主要农艺和生理特征。 相似文献
19.
K. Selvaraju P. Shanmugasundaram S. Mohankumar M. Asaithambi R. Balasaraswathi 《Euphytica》2007,157(1-2):35-43
Rice leaffolder (RLF) (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) is a destructive and widespread insect pest throughout the rice growing regions in Asia. The genetics of resistance
to RLF in rice is very complex and not thoroughly explored. The present study was conducted to detect the quantitative trait
loci (QTL) associated with RLF resistance involving 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F8 generation derived from a cross between IR36, a leaffolder susceptible variety and TNAULFR831311, a moderately resistant
indica rice culture. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct specific linkage groups of rice. All the RILs were
screened to assess their level of resistance to RLF by measuring the leaf area damaged. Besides this, the length and width
of the flag leaf of each RIL were measured since these two parameters were considered as correlated traits to the RLF resistance
in rice. All the above parameters observed across the RILs showed quantitative variation. Correlation analysis revealed that
damage score based on greenhouse screening was positively correlated with length and width of the flag leaf. Out of 364 SSR
markers analysed, 90 were polymorphic between the parents. Multi-point analysis carried out on segregating 69 SSR marker loci
linkage group wise resulted in construction of linkage map with eleven groups of 42 SSR markers. Through single marker analysis,
19 SSR markers were found to have putative association with the three phenotypic traits studied. Of these markers, RM472 was
identified as a locus having major effect on RLF resistance trait based on length of the flag leaf. Interval mapping detected
two QTLs on linkage group 1. Among these QTLs, the QTL flanked by RM576–RM3412 were found to be associated with width of the
flag leaf and RLF resistance. The putative SSR markers associated with leaffolder resistance identified in the present study
may be one of the loci contributing resistance to RLF in rice. 相似文献
20.
施肥方式和施氮量对寒地水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高寒地水稻氮肥利用率,采用盆栽试验,比较了施肥方式、施氮量及二者互作对寒地水稻产量、品质、干物质生产、净光合速率（Pn）和氮肥利用率等指标的影响。结果表明,侧深施肥（S2）和点深施肥（S3）分蘖期和灌浆期地上干物质积累量、叶面积和根部性状多优于全层施肥（S1）,齐穗期功能叶相对叶绿素含量和灌浆期Pn低于S1处理。S2处理直链淀粉含量极显著低于S1处理;S3处理糙米率、精米率和蛋白质含量显著或极显著低于S1处理,直链淀粉含量和食味值极显著高于S1处理。S2处理氮肥生理利用率高于S1处理37.63%,S3处理氮肥吸收利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力分别高于S1处理20.14%、67.57%和13.08%。与常规施氮处理相比,减氮15%处理的千粒重、分蘖期和灌浆期地上部干物质积累量、分蘖期叶面积、分蘖期和灌浆期功能叶Pn均显著降低。本试验条件下,点深施肥方式配合减氮15%为兼顾产量、品质和肥料利用率的最优组合。 相似文献