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1.
Freshwater prawn production in India that includes farming and wild capture of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the monsoon river prawn, M. malcolmsonii has increased steadily since 1999 reaching a peak output of 42 780 t in 2005, but then declined to 6568 t in 2009–2010. Stunted growth and diseases in ponds because of poor seed quality and the broodstock which had been inbred over several generations; pond water quality issues; and increased cost of production on account of feed, labour and the mandatory certification requirements are suggested to be some of the factors leading to the production declines. While majority of the output occurs in Andhra Pradesh, single crop paddy–prawn production systems in the low‐lying fields of Kerala have helped gradual transformation to a sustainable, organic mode of farming of both rice and prawns, suitable for other states of India. Although the trends by June 2011 indicate that the sector is set to a revival, future prospects of freshwater prawn farming in India will also depend on the expansion of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that was introduced recently in India and provided a more profitable opportunity for farming. 相似文献
2.
Thailand was second only to P.R.China in annual production of giant river prawn. This article briefly describes the seed production of giant river prawn technology in Thailand and notes that broodstock management has paid scant attention to genetic issues. There are, however, ongoing selective breeding programmes on giant river prawn aimed to improve growth and disease resistance. In the conventional culture technology, postlarvae are stocked at a high density and prawns are harvested partially. The cropping period is long and the practice has led to disease outbreaks and deteriorated pond bottoms that result in frequent detection of antibiotic residue. The improved culture technology involves manual sexing of the prawns at 3 months and restocking only the male prawns into new ponds at low density. The technique gives higher yield and reduces incidence of disease and thus the need for prophylactics. The constraints to giant river prawn culture business in Thailand include low yield and a limited export market. The article describes three ways to expand and sustain the business of giant river prawn farming in the country: development of more genetically improved strains; culture of all‐male stock, and new culture techniques. 相似文献
3.
Freshwater prawns, particularly, the Giant Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, are one of the most economically important farmed species in the world. Faced with increasing disease problems in penaeid shrimp culture, farmers turned to freshwater prawn farming. Freshwater prawns were considered relatively less susceptible to diseases. However, with intensification of culture and increased world trade of the farmed species, emerging diseases are beginning to constitute an increasingly serious health problem in freshwater prawn culture. This article is a review of the important diseases reported in freshwater prawns, with particular emphasis on the white tail disease of M. rosenbergii as it is the most important disease recorded to date and also the most well studied among the diseases of freshwater prawns. Steps to be taken for proper health management in the farming of this species is also touched upon. 相似文献
4.
Michael O Frinsko 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(7):1056-1063
Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture continues to expand in the United States though is still a relatively small industry. Innovations continue to improve efforts in harvesting with novel harvest basin designs and concrete internal pond aprons. Purging and holding strategies are more defined. Some producers are now investing in water re‐use systems to extend holding times for many days, making prawns more readily available for market. The lucrative live‐market, which historically has had many challenges, seems poised for success when following new protocols which address handling and oxygen stress. 相似文献
5.
A technical and socio‐economic survey conducted in the Dong Thap province of Vietnam to assess the current status of river pen culture of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) showed that pen culture, which has been developed and operated by farmers' indigenous knowledge, requires more study in order to optimize stocking density and to assess its environmental impacts. In this study, the prawn pens were of rectangular shape, with an average size of 209 m2. Prawns were stocked in June at an average density of 62 pieces m?2 and fed on farm‐made feed and were harvested 2–4 times starting from 4 months after stocking until late December or the following January. The average prawn yield was 0.52 kg m?2 year?1, ranging from 0.14 to 1.6 kg m?2 year?1. The average net return was US$0.71 m?2 year?1, ranging from US$1.24 to 4.37 m?2 year?1. About 73% of the farmers achieved positive net returns. The top five constraints for prawn pen culture were lack of knowledge of culture technologies, poor water quality, disease problems, poor quality of wild seed and lack of capital. Almost all farmers have no environmental awareness, and environmental regulations for prawn pen culture have not been established. Field measurements showed that all measured water quality parameters were within the range for good growth of giant freshwater prawns, and indicated that there was no significant accumulation of nutrients and organic matter at the bottoms of rivers or canals. 相似文献
6.
以盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统为研究对象,利用系统中排水渠和蓄水池分别收集浸选盐碱水和渗透盐碱水,监测系统中盐碱水、土壤中的氮、磷营养盐并进行综合分析。结果表明:通过渗透、浸洗两种方式对土壤进行洗盐脱碱,抬田土壤总氮、总磷明显下降,盐碱水中总氮、总磷明显上升,通过土壤浸洗方式对土壤中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、正磷酸盐洗脱作用较弱,但通过土壤渗透方式对土壤中氨氮洗脱作用较强,蓄水池作为土壤渗透后的盐碱水收集池,水体中氨氮较高,可以作为养殖补充用水;在盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统中养殖水体总氮<4 mg/L,总磷<1.3 mg/L,符合养殖需求。 相似文献
7.
Siddhartha Dasgupta Kathy J. Davis Ferdinand F. Wirth 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(1):3-16
This paper evaluated consumer perceptions of cooked freshwater prawn sold in festivals. Data were collected from prawn consumers attending the Kentucky State Fair and Garrett's Festival (in Lexington, Kentucky) on knowledge of prawn, seafood consumption frequency, proclivity of purchasing locally grown food, etc. A conjoint experiment was conducted in which respondents rated nine hypothetical plates of cooked prawn, differing from one another by the number of prawns, price, cooking style, and the presence or absence of side items. Results from data analyses indicated that the Garrett's Festival respondents were more educated and had more knowledge of prawns than the State Fair respondents. The State Fair respondents, while indifferent to the prawn cooking style, considered the product's price to be more important than the Garrett's Festival respondents. All results suggest that vendors would be more successful in dedicated prawn festivals than participating in festivals of general interest, such as the State Fair. 相似文献
8.
该研究在水温为(29.3±1.1)℃的自然海水条件下,测定了不同质量浓度丁香酚对体质量为(4.83±1.30)g的黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)的麻醉效果。结果显示,在30~80 mg·L^–1时,黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼的入麻时间随其浓度的升高而减少,复苏时间随其浓度的升高而增加。麻醉过程中,呼吸频率在浅麻时略微上升,深麻时快速下降,直至麻醉过度呼吸停止。研究发现,丁香酚质量浓度在30~100 mg·L^–1时,黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼均能在3 min内进入4期麻醉,4 min内完全复苏,成活率100%。入麻后在空气中暴露时间少于8 min时,复苏时间随暴露时间的增加而减少,大于8 min时,复苏时间随暴露时间的增加而延长,且复苏率逐渐下降。结果表明,丁香酚对黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼具有入麻快、复苏时间短、复苏率高等优点,是其理想的麻醉剂;建议生产上使用的质量浓度为30 mg·L^–1,且入麻后人工操作不宜超过6 min,若追求更快麻醉,丁香酚质量浓度也不宜超过80 mg·L^–1。 相似文献
9.
为了解西江干流水体高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)的时空特征及影响因素,分别于2017年9月、12月和2018年3月、6月对西江红水河大湾至肇庆江段进行了季节调查,并对其水环境质量进行了初步分析与评价。结果表明:该水域CODMn质量浓度变化范围为0.73~4.83 mg/L,均值为2.67 mg/L;季节均值呈6月(3.08 mg/L)>12月(3.03 mg/L)>9月(2.94 mg/L)>3月(1.62 mg/L)的变化特征;依据CODMn水平, 13个样点可聚为3个类群, CODMn数值上呈聚群Ⅲ>聚群Ⅰ>聚群Ⅱ情况;水体CODMn污染指数(Pi)范围在0.18~1.21之间,处于"无污染–轻污染"状况,不同月份CODMn超标率为12月>6月>9月> 3月;水质标识指数评价结果得到西江干流大部分时期水质类别为Ⅰ~Ⅱ类,少数时期为Ⅲ类,其中3月水质最好,都为Ⅰ类, 9月、12月为Ⅱ类, 6月为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类;统计分析结果显示CODMn与水温(WT)、TP呈显著正相关,与盐度(Sal)、DO、透明度(SD)、NO3-N、NO2-N、叶绿素a (Chl a)和N/P比值呈显著负相关,并受到TP和PO4-P和DO的显著性影响。西江干流水体污染目前尚不严重,水质优于中国境内其他主要河流;分析认为河流水动力情势及周边人类活动干扰是决定水体CODMn含量高低的重要因素;水体还原性有机质与TP具有一定的同源性,来自区域点源。 相似文献
10.
文章建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鱼粉中5种喹噁啉类药物及其2种主要代谢物残留量的方法。样品经乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,V∶V)和1 mol·L^–1盐酸分步提取,盐酸提取液进一步用乙酸乙酯反萃取,有机相经浓缩后,均用乙腈复溶,用PRiME HLB通过性固相萃取柱净化处理。样品以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,经Phenomenex Kinetex C18柱梯度洗脱分离,质谱采取正离子多反应监测模式进行检测。代谢物采用内标法定量,原药采用基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,7种化合物在对应的浓度范围内线性关系良好(R≥0.994),2种代谢产物检测限为2μg·kg–1,定量限为5μg·kg^–1;5种喹噁啉类药物检测限为1~10μg·kg^–1;定量限为2~20μg·kg^–1。在高、中、低3种添加浓度下7种化合物的平均回收率为64.4%~102.2%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~10.2%。方法灵敏度高、精密度好,能同时测定鱼粉中的喹噁啉类药物及其主要代谢物。 相似文献
11.
Wilailak Siripornadulsil Mutjarin Thongserm Surasak Siripornadulsil 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(12):1979-1988
In this study, the phenotypic and pathogenic properties in freshwater host were characterized in 14 strains of halophilic Vibrio harveyi isolated from infected marine black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The lysogenic phenotype was assayed via prophage excision and mitomycin C induction. The bacteria were grouped into two types, corresponding to lysogenic and non‐lysogenic strains. The pathogenicity was determined via direct injection of bacterial cultures into post‐larval juvenile giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man. All of the infected prawns showed similar symptoms and inflamed hepatopancreas. The V. harveyi isolates derived from the first‐injected infected prawns were re‐isolated and re‐injected into healthy giant freshwater prawns, in which they retained similar infectivity. Both lysogenic and non‐lysogenic Vibrio spp. showed identical virulence associated with 100% mortality within one day post‐injection. TEM micrographs showed hepatopancreatic nuclear deformation and lipid breakdown caused by lysogenic γ‐hemolytic VL19 and non‐lysogenic β‐hemolytic V33. However, the V33 strain was associated with severely disrupted mitochondria. None of the V. harveyi strains was able to produce a biofilm. Together, our findings indicate that the lysogenic and non‐lysogenic halophilic V. harveyi isolated from marine shrimps may use different virulence factors that are responsible for their pathogenicity in freshwater prawns. 相似文献
12.
Pellino蛋白家族,是一类高度保守的E3泛素连接酶,在泛素化和先天性免疫中发挥重要作用。该研究通过RACE技术得到斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)泛素连接酶Pellino基因的c DNA全长。该基因序列全长1 961 bp,编码区序列长1 299 bp,编码432个氨基酸,5’非编码区(UTR)为89 bp,3’UTR为573 bp。通过qRT-PCR技术,研究了PmPellino基因在斑节对虾不同组织中的表达水平,并研究了其在不同浓度氨氮胁迫下和不同微生物刺激下的表达情况。结果显示,PmPellino基因在各组织中均有表达,在鳃组织中表达量最高。急性氮氮胁迫后,PmPellino在肝胰腺中的表达量显著上调(P<0.01),但在鳃中的表达被抑制(P<0.01)。哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)可显著激活PmPellino在鳃中的表达,抑制其在肝胰腺中的表达。鳗弧菌(V. anguillarum)可显著抑制PmPellino在肝胰腺中的表达,而对PmPellino在鳃中的表达无显著影响。金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)可以显著激活PmPellino在肝胰腺和鳃中的表达。结果表明PmPellino可以激活免疫应答通路,在免疫防御中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
13.
Sheikh Md. Shamsur Rahman Md. Abdul Wahab Md. Ashraful Islam Mrityunjoy Kunda Md. Ekram Azim 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e404-e417
The effects of selective harvesting (SH) and claw ablation (CA) of blue‐clawed (BC) prawns on an all‐male freshwater prawn–finfish polyculture system were compared with control (Co) in quadruplicate. Ponds were stocked with all‐male freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, catla Catla catla and mola Amblypharyngodon mola at 12 000, 2000, 500 and 20 000 ha?1 respectively. Prawns were fed with pelleted feed. Ponds were fertilized regularly with urea, triple super phosphate and cow‐dung. SH of BC prawns in treatment SH and CA in treatment CA started on the 60th day during a 137‐day culture and continued at 15‐day intervals until the final harvest. Water quality parameters and plankton abundance did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments. Treatment SH resulted in a higher (P<0.05) net production of freshwater prawn (437 kg ha?1), with better survival and mean weight, followed by CA (354 kg ha?1) and Co (322 kg ha?1). The combined net production of prawn plus finfish was also higher in SH (1244 kg ha?1) as compared with CA (1161 kg ha?1) and Co (1137 kg ha?1), although the finfish production did not differ significantly. The periodic SH of BC prawns showed a better economic return with a BCR of 1.71. 相似文献
14.
斑节对虾GLUT1基因cDNA的克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该研究利用RACE技术克隆获得了斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon) GLUT1 (glucose transporter type 1)的cDNA全长序列;采用实时荧光定量的方法研究了PmGLUT1在斑节对虾幼体发育过程中、各个组织中及低盐胁迫下的差异表达情况。该基因cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)全长1 476 bp,可编码491个氨基酸。检测PmGLUT1基因从受精卵至仔虾期发育过程的表达情况,结果显示,PmGLUT1在幼体发育各期的表达量有所波动,但总体呈现上升趋势。组织表达分析发现,PmGLUT1在鳃组织中的表达量最高,肝胰腺次之,在卵巢中的表达量最低。急性低盐胁迫后,PmGLUT1在肝胰腺中的表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但在鳃中的表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,Pm GLUT1可能在斑节对虾幼体发育及机体应对低盐胁迫过程中具有重要作用,这为进一步研究葡萄糖转运蛋白基因在斑节对虾幼体发育调控和耐低盐胁迫应答中的分子机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
15.
Immunomodulatory effect of Cynodon dactylon against white tail disease of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mohamed A Farook Sugumar Vimal Nithiyanandam Madan Gani Taju Seepoo Abdul Majeed Kalaiselvi S N Nambi Gnanavel Balasubramanian Azeez S Sahul Hameed 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3421-3431
The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important and extensively cultured crustacean worldwide. The viral pathogens, Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) are responsible for causing severe mortalities in the hatchery and nursery phases. This study investigates the protection of postlarvae of freshwater against white tail disease (WTD) using plant extract derived from Cyanodon dactylon and the modulation of the prawn non‐specific immunity. To determine the immunomodulatory effect of C. dactylon extract, the prawn was injected with plant extract and various immunological parameters were estimated. The immunological parameters such as proPO, SOD, THC and clotting time were found to be significantly higher in the plant extract‐injected prawn when compared with control groups. The results of real time PCR analysis revealed up regulation on the expression proPO, SOD and lysozyme genes in MrNV and XSV challenged prawn postlarvae treated with C. dactylon extract. Infectivity experiment showed high relative per cent survival in MrNV and XSV‐challenged prawn postlarvae treated with C. dactylon extract. These results strongly indicate that the administration of C. dactylon plant extract enhances immunity of the prawn. Based on the results, this study recommends that the immersion of postlarvae in C. dactylon plant extract is a potential prophylactic agent against WTD. 相似文献
16.
为评价粤东柘林湾海洋牧场的建设效果,以环境卫星遥感和现场调查相结合的方法,对柘林湾海洋牧场建设前(2011年8月)和建设后(2013年8月)海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、叶绿素a质量浓度(chlorophyll a concentration,Chl a)、总渔获物的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)、生物多样性、底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度等进行了对比分析。结果表明,柘林湾海洋牧场建设后,海域氮磷比(N/P)接近16,Chl a质量浓度由海洋牧场建设前的7.5～12.3 mg·m-3提高到建设后的10.4～16.2 mg·m-3。总渔获物CPUE从2.1～5.5 kg·h-1提高到5.8～14.5 kg·h-1。鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和贝类的种类数分别增加了25种、3种、2种和3种,鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和贝类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)分别提高了0.5、0.4、0.1和1.0,底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度均有所增加。柘林湾海洋牧场的建设在一定程度上改善了渔业生境,对渔业资源的养护和增殖具有积极作用。 相似文献
17.
Young‐Chul Kim Nicholas Romano Kuan‐Shern Lee Chaiw‐Yee Teoh Wing‐Keong Ng 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1731-1740
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the complete substitution of either fish oil (FO) or squid liver oil (SLO) with crude palm oil (CPO), canola oil (CO) sunflower oil (SFO) or linseed oil (LO), as the sole added lipid source in diets fed to triplicate groups of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (initial weight = 0.42 ± 0.01 g) for 6 weeks. Prawns fed the CO or SLO diets showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) specific growth rate than those fed the FO or CPO diets. The feed conversion ratio of the prawns was significantly better when fed the CO diet, compared with the FO, CPO, SFO and LO diets. The muscle eicosapentaenoic acid content of prawns fed the vegetable oil (VO) diets were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those fed the FO diet, although all VO‐based diets led to a significantly lower docosahexaenoic acid content compared with prawns fed the FO or SLO diet. The whole‐body total carotenoid content was significantly lower for prawns fed the SLO diet compared with prawns on the CO or CPO diets. The successful use of VO instead of marine‐based oils in prawn diets will likely reduce feeding costs associated with M. rosenbergii aquaculture. 相似文献
18.
In welcoming participants to Giant Prawn 2011, the authors briefly review the current scale of this component of global aquaculture. The expansion of freshwater prawn farming over the 30 years since the first global conference on this topic [Giant Prawn 1980 (GP1980)] is examined. At the time of GP1980, the output of farmed giant river prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was <3000 t. Almost three decades later (2009) the total annual aquaculture production of all species of freshwater prawns had risen to almost 444 000 t, with a value of US$2.2 billion. The farmed production of M. rosenbergii constituted 51.7% of the global total, while the oriental river prawn M. nipponense (reared totally in China) contributed 47.2%. The contribution of the monsoon river prawn M. malcolmsonii remains quite small so far, and does not show in the above percentages because no recent FAO data are available for this species. In 2007, however, the latter species contributed 1.0% of the total global production of freshwater prawns. The major freshwater prawn producing countries are in Asia (e.g. Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam) but Macrobrachium spp. are also farmed in other continents. 相似文献
19.
珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)是重要的海水养殖经济鱼类,通过建立稳定的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)检测系统,分别施加100、200、300、500、800、1 000、1 500、2 000、3 000、5 000和10 000 Hz的正弦波声音刺激信号,并应用该系统检测20条体长为32～35 cm的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的听觉阈值。结果显示:该听性脑干反应检测系统获得的响应为听觉电生理反应,所有珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的听频范围为100～5 000 Hz,其中最适听频范围为100～2 000 Hz,最敏感声音频率为300 Hz,听觉阈值约为75. 8 d B。根据得到的平均听觉阈值,构建了珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的听性脑干反应听力曲线。研究表明:研究获得的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼听觉阈值及曲线对于研究噪声对不同养殖模式下石斑鱼的动物福利具有重要意义,不仅是评估噪声对石斑鱼影响的直接试验数据,也能为养殖环境的优化提供间接参考。 相似文献
20.
解淀粉芽孢杆菌HE活性成分鉴定及抗菌特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)HE发酵液中的活性成分及抗菌特性,根据解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液抑菌活性稳定性,用PCR检测脂肽合成相关的基因,再采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对活性物质进一步分析;用二倍稀释法测定脂肽对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并从显微结构上来探讨其抗菌作用。稳定实验表明该菌株产生抑菌活性物质对高温、酸、碱和蛋白酶具有一定的耐受性;4对引物的扩增产物经过克隆、测序和BLAST分析,表明解淀粉芽孢杆菌HE基因组含有ituA、fenB、sfP、mycB的脂肽合成相关基因;液质联用分析发现脂肽粗提物中含有Surfactin、Iturin和Fengycin这3类脂肽类抗生素;抑菌圈法测定抗菌脂肽对嗜水气单胞菌的MIC和MBC均为137.97μg·mL-1;显微特征表明脂肽可以导致嗜水气单胞菌细胞膜塌陷和孔洞。该研究结果可为解淀粉芽孢杆菌活性代谢产物结构鉴定和安全性评价提供参考。 相似文献