共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
天目湖沙河水库水质时空分布特征及其与浮游植物群落的关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
基于2012年天目湖沙河水库逐月水质及浮游植物群落结构的监测,采用主成分分析及典范对应分析,对沙河水库水质时空分布特征及其对浮游植物群落演替的影响进行了分析。结果表明,沙河水库透明度(SD)、悬浮物(SS)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)等主要水质因子既有明显的季节变化,也存在显著的空间分布差异,浮游植物生物量和群落结构也表现出显著的季节演替。从丰度上看,蓝藻门的席藻全年都是优势种,但冬、春季节硅藻门和隐藻门藻类丰度显著增高。从生物量上看,春季的优势种为硅藻门的针杆藻,是沙河水库水体透明度的主要影响因子。主成分分析表明,沙河水库的氮和磷具有明显不同的时间变化规律。典范对应分析表明,水温、pH、溶解性总氮、SD与藻类生物量的季节演替关系密切,蓝藻、硅藻生物量与水温、溶解性总磷呈正相关,与硝态氮浓度呈负相关。研究结果表明,天目湖沙河水库水质时空差异与浮游植物种群结构的时空分布关系密切,降低氮、磷浓度对沙河水库富营养化控制及水质的保护都非常重要,但在不同季节氮、磷的相对重要性不同。农业活动,如茶园的大面积开发及旅游业活动是影响天目湖水质的两个重要因素。 相似文献
2.
Environmental effects of a marine fish farm of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in the NW Mediterranean Sea on water column and sediment 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tania Morata Silvia Falco Isabel Gadea Javier Sospedra Miguel Rodilla 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):59-74
This study examined the effects of organic enrichment on water column, sediments and macrofauna caused by a fish farm in the Mediterranean Sea. Samples were collected on four sampling campaigns over a one‐year cycle. Significant differences were found in the water column in dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus concentrations between the fish farm and the control. The increase in the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate concentrations at the fish farm modified the stoichiometric ratios between nutrients, with silicate acting as limiting nutrient at the fish farm 11% more than at the control. Nevertheless, chlorophyll a concentration in the water column was higher at the control station, probably due to the fouling of the underwater fish farm structures. Significant differences were found in sediment concentrations of organic matter, total phosphorus and redox potential between the fish farm and the control. The Canonical Correlation Analysis indicated that organic matter, total phosphorus, redox potential and% of gravels accounted for 68.9% of the total variance in the species data. Changes were observed in macrofauna, with a decrease in number of species and up to a nine‐fold increase in abundance with respect to the control. 相似文献
3.
根据2014年10月、2015年3月、5月和8月在桑沟湾养殖水域开展的海洋调查所获取的营养盐状况调查数据,分析了营养盐含量的季节变化和平面分布,并对该水域营养水平状况进行了评价.结果显示,该海域秋季溶解无机氮(DIN)含量明显高于其他三个季节.夏季NO2-N的平均含量最高,秋季NO3-N的平均含量最高,春季NH4-N的平均含量最高,冬季PO4-P的平均含量最高.与海水水质标准相比,各季节DIN总体水平均低于海水一类标准值,春季和夏季PO4-P总体水平低于海水一类标准值,秋季和冬季PO4-P总体水平则高于海水一类标准值.从平面分布看,春季DIN含量呈湾内低、湾外高的趋势,夏季和秋季呈湾内高、湾外低的趋势,冬季呈自湾内南部水域向北逐渐降低的趋势.春季和冬季PO4-P含量均呈自湾内中部水域向外逐渐下降的趋势,夏季呈自湾内中部水域向外逐渐上升的趋势;秋季则呈湾内高、湾外低的趋势.春季、夏季和冬季N/P比值均高于Redfield比值,无机磷相对缺乏,而秋季N/P比值与Redfield比值基本一致.根据潜在性富营养化评价模式,桑沟湾养殖海域四个季节的营养水平较低,均属贫营养水平.与20世纪八九十年代相比,桑沟湾浮游植物生长的主要限制性因素已由整体的氮限制转变为春、夏季磷限制为主. 相似文献
4.
Ricardo Jiménez-Montealegre Marc C J Verdegem Anne A van Dam & Johan A Verreth 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(10):1001-1014
In aquaculture, ponds with high loads of organic inputs, organic matter accumulates at the bottom over time. Uneaten feed, senescent phytoplankton and faeces are the principal sources of accumulated material, but quantifications are scarce. The sedimented organic matter develops into a flocculent layer in which different processes transform the material into inorganic forms. A better understanding of factors influencing organic matter accumulation/decomposition in the sediment is needed to better understand and manage the dynamics of nitrogen in fish ponds. In this study, the rate of mineralization of organic nitrogen and the nitrogen flux between the sediment and the water column were measured. Organic matter accumulation in fish ponds was quantified, and the data were used to construct, calibrate and validate a dynamic simulation model of organic matter deposition/decomposition in fish ponds. The accumulating material consisted of dead phytoplankton, fish faeces and uneaten feed. Through model calibration, the proportion of these materials in the total accumulated organic matter was determined. In the model, gross photosynthetic rate was estimated from an empirical relationship with feed input. After calibration, the model was validated using independent data. The model simulated well the concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in the sediments but it may be developed further, especially by considering the effects of resuspension. 相似文献
5.
为了准确揭示杉木溪消落带土壤养分及其空间分布对三峡库区水位消涨及其所带来的环境变化的响应,2014年研究了5个完整水位消涨周期的不同海拔梯度和土层深度土壤。沿海拔梯度分别在150、155、160、165、170、175 m处各设置1个样带,180 m处设置1个对照样带,每样带设置5个样方,在各样方内选取4个角及中心点共5个样点,用土壤采集器分别在0~5、5~10和10~15 cm土层分层采集土样。结果表明,在水位消涨的作用下,消落带土壤养分含量显著下降,有机质、全氮和全磷含量与非消落带土壤相比分别减少了14.55%、20.00%和26.12%,土壤p H值则显著增加。水位消涨还导致消落带土壤养分随海拔梯度呈显著的空间变化。其中,有机质、全氮和全钾含量以中部消落带土壤的含量最高,全磷含量则以中下部消落带土壤的含量最高,而土壤p H值随着海拔梯度的减少而增加。消落带和非消落带土壤养分在不同土层之间有着显著差异,有机质、全氮、全磷含量随土壤的加深而显著减少。在水位消涨的影响下,消落带表层土与下层土有机质和全氮含量的差异显著减少,而全磷和全钾含量的差异则有所增加。 相似文献
6.
Evaluation of benthic nutrient fluxes and their importance in the pelagic nutrient cycles in Suo Nada,Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: The benthic nutrient fluxes in Suo Nada, in the western part of Seto Inland Sea, Japan were estimated seasonally in 2002, and their contribution to the pelagic nutrient cycle was evaluated. The horizontal distributions of inorganic phosphorus (DIP), ammonia and dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations in the pore water of the surface (0–3 cm) sediments were high in the western part, indicating a eutrophic condition relative to the other parts. Seasonally, the highest nutrient concentration in the pore water was observed in summer, as reflected by the increasing decomposition rate of organic matter. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant positive effects of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and temperature on the DIP flux and also significant positive effects of ignition loss (IL) along with these two parameters on the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) flux. Temperature, IL and redox potential (Eh) were effective on DSi. The estimated DIP, DIN and DSi fluxes from the sediments were relatively high or equivalent to the total inputs from rains and rivers in annual average, with high values in summer of 2–3-fold higher than the other sources (rain plus rivers). Thus, it is concluded that the benthic nutrient fluxes play an important role in the pelagic nutrient cycle of the Suo Nada ecosystem. 相似文献
7.
根据2014年11月,2015年1月、3月和7月在象山港中部养殖海区开展的海洋调查所获得的海水营养盐数据,分析了该海域营养盐含量的季节变化,评价了海水的富营养化状况。结果显示,该海域无机氮平均含量秋季最高,春季次之,冬季最低;活性磷酸盐平均含量秋季最高,夏季次之,冬季最低。对不同养殖区域分析,宁海海藻养殖区和西沪港海带养殖区的无机氮浓度除冬季1个站位点外均劣于国家海水四类水质标准(0.50 mg/L),活性磷酸盐浓度在春、秋两季劣于国家海水四类水质标准(0.045 mg/L)。全年各水层的N/P比值均高于Redfield比值,磷相对缺乏。根据富营养化评价模式,象山港中部养殖海区营养水平属于磷中等限制潜在性富营养型。 相似文献
8.
Fertilization with diammonium phosphate (20 kg/ha per application) was initiated at different dates in each of four treatments replicated three times in 0.04-ha ponds. Although there were some differences in averages of total and filtrable orthophosphate concentrations and phytoplankton abundance among treatments (P < 0.05), sunfish production was not influenced by the timing of fertilization (P > 0.05). Phytoplankton blooms did not develop in any of the treatments until late spring or early summer. The failure of phytoplankton to respond to fertilization in late winter and early spring was apparently related to low water temperature and competition by macrophytes. In larger, deeper ponds (> 0.5 ha), inorganic fertilization will cause phytoplankton blooms in early spring even when water temperatures are low. 相似文献
9.
根据2016年11月至2017年8月4个季度的调查资料,采用冗余分析模型,分析报道了海南西北部近岸海域浮游动物的种类组成、丰度和生物量、群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,4个季度共鉴定浮游动物7门113属215种,种类数秋季最多(134种),丰度均值冬季最高(152.43 ind/m~3),生物量均值冬季最高(263.68 mg/m~3);浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量与水深、浮游植物丰度、透明度、表层水温、表层溶解氧和表层总氮显著相关(P0.05),其中水深是关键环境因子,其影响随季节变化而变化;生态类群具有一定的生态分化现象,春季、夏季热带暖水种占优,秋季、冬季近岸暖水种占优,各季节生态类群受控的环境因子各异。 相似文献
10.
里下河腹地位于江淮两大水系交融地带,人类活动严重影响区域水生态环境。鉴于浮游植物群落结构及多样性可作为水环境变化重要指示生物,于2015-2017年对里下河腹地典型湖泊大纵湖浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行逐月采样调查,分别采用藻类生物学指标和综合营养指数对大纵湖营养状态进行综合评价,并且基于相关性分析法,探讨浮游植物与水环境因子的响应关系。结果显示,大纵湖在调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门、123种,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻为主,分别为50、35、18种,占总种数的40.65%、28.46%、14.63%。全湖各采样点浮游植物的平均丰度为3.70×106 ~6.25×106 个/L;空间上略有差异,夏季藻类丰度较高,冬季最低。大纵湖各个采样点浮游植物优势种基本相同,共8种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度年均值分别为2.74和0.78,表明大纵湖处于轻-中度污染状态。综合营养指数显示,大纵湖处于轻度富营养状态,两者结果基本一致。相关性分析表明,水温（T）、透明度（SD）、浊度（TUB）和总氮（TN）是影响大纵湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。 相似文献
11.
Chemical Budgets for Polyethylene-lined, Brackishwater Ponds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Budgets for water, nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were estimated from May to October 1986 in three 0.09 ha ponds stocked with striped bass Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Ponds were lined with highdensity polyethylene sheeting to prevent seepage. Pond bottoms, except for side slopes, were covered with soil. Total rainfall roughly equalled evaporation. Liner runoff augmented rainfall inflow by 43%. The largest source of nitrogen input was feed -88% of the measured input. Overflow was the greatest measured loss of nitrogen. Denitrification and ammonia volatilization apparently removed large amounts of nitrogen. Feed applications and runoff were the major phosphorus inputs. Fish harvest and uptake by mud represented the major losses of phosphorus. The production of each kilogram of fish required 2.09kg of feed and released to the water, as metabolic waste, 118.55g nitrogen, 1.2g phosphorus, and 1.67kg COD. Metabolic wastes from fish resulted in the production of an additional 3.71kg of COD in phytoplankton and benthic algae. Thus, 1kg of live striped bass resulted in a total of 5.38kg of COD. Benthic respiration exceeded respiration of microorganisms in the water column. Total respiration exceeded oxygen produced by photosynthesis, but diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere into the ponds was sufficient to maintain adequate DO concentrations for fish survival. 相似文献
12.
流沙湾是中国海水珍珠“南珠”的主产区和广东省重要的贝类养殖区。为评估湾内养殖活动的环境效应,于2015~2016年对流沙湾海区进行了夏(8月)、秋(11月)、冬(2月)、春(5月) 4个季节的浮游植物和海水理化因子调查。共检出浮游植物171种,包括硅藻门43属122种、甲藻门 10属44种、蓝藻门2属2种、金藻门2属2种和裸藻门1属1种。流沙湾内湾浮游植物细胞丰度为(0.05~79.04)×104个/L,夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,且夏季丰度远大于其他三季,内湾和外湾差异不显著。春季须状角毛藻(Chaetoceros crinitus)、红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)和明壁圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus debilis)为主要优势种,夏季优势种主要为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),秋季优势种主要为拟弯角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)、奇异棍形藻(Bacillaria paradoxa)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus),冬季主要优势种为威氏圆筛藻(Coscinodisus wailesii)、柔弱根管藻(Rhizosolenia delicatula)、岛脆杆藻(Fragilaria islandica)。其中,奇异棍形藻为春、秋、冬季的优势种,红海束毛藻为春、夏、秋季的优势种。冗余分析表明,流沙湾浮游植物优势种在春季与水温和氨氮密切相关,夏季受透明度显著影响,而在秋、冬季受亚硝酸氮含量影响显著。流沙湾不同养殖区的浮游植物多态性和丰度有明显季节差异。与2012年相比,流沙湾外湾的养殖覆盖率提高了近50%,内湾的珍珠贝养殖减少了近90%,养殖品种、规模和分布格局都发生了明显变化,目前流沙湾的浮游植物群落特征正是对其变化的一种响应。夏季鱼类网箱养殖提高了水域营养盐水平并降低了浮游植物多样性。大规模的扇贝养殖则导致了扇贝养殖区浮游植物丰度的降低。 相似文献
13.
为研究河流型水库浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的关系，对湖北恩施大龙潭水库水环境因子和浮游植物进行调查,利用Pearson相关性分析法对调查结果进行分析。水库在调查期间共鉴定到186种藻类，隶属于7门89属，其中硅藻门（79种）>绿藻门（55种）>蓝藻门（29种）>甲藻门（9种）>隐藻门（7种）>裸藻门（6种）>金藻门（1种）。Margalef丰富度指数平均值在0.94～1.30，依据丰富度指数水质评判标准判断水质整体为中污染。水库浮游植物总细胞密度在夏季较高，在冬季显著下降。水库从夏季至秋冬季节浮游植物总细胞密度在3.889×105～282.983×105cell/L的区间内变化，其均值为79.864×105cell/L。Pearson相关性分析表明，浮游植物总密度与温度、溶解氧、pH、总磷、高锰酸盐指数呈极显著正相关；与电导率、硝酸盐氮呈极显著负相关。冗余分析表明，温度、pH和高锰酸盐指数是影响水库浮游植物群落结构最主要的环境因子。大龙潭水库较高的海拔和较大的流域面积，有利于硅藻生长；水库年平均水深较深，蓝藻通过水流运动停留在水库上层成为优势种群。 相似文献
14.
A high rate algal pond (HRAP) system was used to treat effluent from a recirculating sea water aquaculture system in southern France. Dicentrarchus labrax L. were farmed at a high density, with effluents containing an average of 10 mg L?1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 1.3 mg L?1 reactive phosphorus (RP). On a yearly basis, the algal pond removed 59% of the dissolved nitrogen and 56% of the phosphorus input, which was converted into 3.3 kg DW m?2 algae. Green macroalgae were dominant throughout the year and the algal biomass mirrored the seasonal changes in daily irradiance and temperature. This first year study supports the possibility of treating marine aquaculture wastes using HPAPs, although conditions will have to be found to mitigate the strong influence of climate on the algal community during winter. During the more temperate season, only 150 m2 of treatment ponds would be necessary to remove the nutrients produced by 1 ton of fish. Treated water was characterized by a high pH, elevated levels of dissolved oxygen (midday value) and low concentrations of nutrients and suspended solids. The absence of toxic phytoplankton meant that the water could be recycled through the farm tanks. 相似文献
15.
2012-2014年,对莱州湾浮游植物进行了9个航次调查,并同步监测其他环境因子。共鉴定浮游植物125种,隶属5大门类,以硅藻和甲藻为主,优势种主要为硅藻;浮游植物丰度和种类数均在8月达到最高值,多样性指数和丰富度指数年际变化趋势基本一致。春季(5月)浮游植物种类数与透明度呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与COD呈显著正相关(P<0.01);夏季(8月)与表层水温和无机氮呈显著负相关(P<0.01);秋季(11月)浮游植物丰度与水深、盐度、溶解氧呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与石油类呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。 相似文献
16.
唐岛湾网箱养殖区水体氮、磷含量特征及潜在性富营养化评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据2004年8月～2005年5月4个航次对唐岛湾网箱养殖区海水营养盐(NH4 -N、NO3--N、NO2--N和PO34-P)含量的监测结果,分析讨论了其含量变化特征,并利用一种新的富营养化评价模式,评价了唐岛湾的潜在性富营养化程度。结果表明,网箱养殖区水体中的氮、磷营养盐含量随养殖进程呈现不同的季节变化规律,受网箱养殖活动和浮游植物生长状况的综合调控;养殖区N/P值的年平均值为46.45,表明网箱养殖区水体缺磷,春、秋、冬季都以磷为浮游植物繁殖生长的限制因子,春季尤为严重。潜在性富营养化评价结果为:除春季达到磷限制中度营养水平外,其他季节均处于贫营养水平,表明该养殖区的营养水平较低,水质质量较好。 相似文献
17.
太湖不同区域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究太湖不同区域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子之间的关系,对水质状况进行调查,于2013年10月至2015年7月对太湖9个湖区的33个采样点进行了季节性浮游植物群落调查和水质监测,共鉴定出浮游植物121种,分别属于7门、74属,其中绿藻门(Chlorophyta)的种类最多,共28属、59种。春季和夏季浮游植物总密度最高值分别出现在2014年竺山湖0.59×10~8个/L和西部沿岸区5.90×10~8个/L,秋季和冬季浮游植物总密度最高值分别出现在2015年的西部沿岸区1.09×10~8个/L和湖心区3.28×10~8个/L。综合分析2年的浮游植物总密度监测数据,西部沿岸区梅梁湖竺山湖五里湖湖心区贡湖南部沿岸区东太湖东部沿岸区。研究表明,太湖9个区域污染情况不尽相同,主要超标指标为总氮。SPSS 22.0相关性分析表明,水温、DO、硝态氮、BOD5是影响太湖浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。2015年秋冬季浮游植物总密度较2014年有所增长,春季各湖区之间浮游植物密度的年际差异与其余季节不同,可能是由于水温变化所致。 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT: Crude krill digestive protease (CKP) was extracted on board a fishing vessel from fresh whole krill caught around the Antarctic Peninsula, and its protease activity was measured by using the azocasein method. CKP activity was high from December to February (in summer) and was low from March to August (in winter). CKP activity and mean feed intake index had a high correlation coefficient by Pearson's correlation coefficient test ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that the seasonal variation of CKP activity coincides with the seasonal prevalence of some phytoplanktons as feed for krill. In summer, phytoplankton is plentiful so that krill feed on them and the krill protease activity remains high, but in winter phytoplankton abundance is low and krill do not have to keep their proteolytic activity high. 相似文献
19.
为研究不同沉水植物盖度下浮游植物群落结构及变化规律,为水域生态修复提供科学依据,在白洋淀选取了4个盖度水平区域,分别为25%、50%、75%和90%(C-25、C-50、C-75、C-90),对照区域(C-0)结合水体理化参数和浮游植物群落结构特征,评价出沉水植物的最佳盖度。结果表明,沉水植物组均可有效降低水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性固体总量(TDS)和电导率(SPC),而C-50组的TN和TP浓度最低。对浮游植物群落结构分析发现1)沉水植物组浮游植物种类数高于对照组,各组绿藻门比例最高且均在50%以上;2)C-50组蓝藻门优势种最少且比例显著低于其他组(P<0.05);3)浮游植物密度和生物量随沉水植物盖度的增加而降低,且占比最大的分别是蓝藻门和绿藻门;4)Margalef指数随盖度增加表现出先上升后降低的趋势;而Shannon-Weiner指数和Pielou指数随盖度的增加而增大;5)RDA表明,C-90、C-75和C-0组的浮游植物群落主要受TDS、SPC、pH、叶绿素a、高锰酸钾指数和透明度等环境因子的影响;C-50和C-25组浮游植物群落受环境因子的影响较小,说明水生态系统较稳定且受环境的影响小。鉴于盖度为50%时,TDS、SPC、TN和TP浓度最低;蓝藻门比例和优势种较低,Margalef指数最高,在水生态保护或修复时,建议沉水植物盖度以50%为宜。 相似文献
20.
根据2006-2007年威海湾4个航次营养盐的调查资料,分析该海域海水中无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO43--P)和硅酸盐(SiO32--Si)的季节变化规律及其与环境因子的典型相关性。结果表明,NO3--N是DIN的主要存在形式,比例达50%以上。营养盐季节性变化明显,秋冬季DIN和PO43--P浓度较高,春夏季较低,SiO32--Si的变化则相反。四季DIN和PO43--P浓度均大于浮游植物生长阈值,仅冬季SiO23--Si浓度低于浮游植物生长阈值。冬季浮游植物生长的限制因子是Si,其他季节具有P限制的潜在性。营养盐和环境因子具有较大的典型相关性,其中,盐度、pH和NO3--N、PO43--P、SiO23--Si相关性最大,典型相关系数达到0.979。 相似文献