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1.
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of peanut under aluminum (Al) stress. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Zhonghua 4) raised with or without Si (1.5?mM) in the growth chamber under 0 and toxic Al (0.3?mM) levels. Aluminum stress significantly decreased the biomass and root dry weight by 12.9% and 10.7%, and the pod yield, number of mature pod per plant and seed number of per pod by 16.7%, 10.7%, and 13.9%. The content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was significantly decreased, but that of Al increased markedly in shoots and roots of peanut after Al exposure at seedling, flower-needle and pod-setting stage. Under Al stress condition, Si application protected peanut by improving nutrient uptake at different growth stages and favoring the partitioning of dry mass to pod and the allocation of tissue N, P, K, Ca, and Mg to shoots and pod and decreasing Al uptake and accumulation.  相似文献   

2.
以彩叶草(Coleus blumei Benth.)为材料,用营养液培养方法,研究了不同浓度硒(Se)处理对浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1 Pb2+胁迫下彩叶草根、叶的形貌变化及其组分形态等变化,从光谱学角度初步探讨了硒对重金属铅毒害的缓解机制。结果表明:铅胁迫下的彩叶草根系C、K、Ca含量减少,O、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Pb含量增加,叶片中的C、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Fe含量减少,O、Cl含量增加。铅胁迫下硒处理的彩叶草根元素种类及其元素含量均发生了明显变化;根中晶体情况及其晶相也发生了相应变化。  相似文献   

3.
Aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr) stresses often occur simultaneously in agricultural soils, and pose a great damage to crop growth, yield formation and product safety. In the current study, the influence of combined Al and Cr stresses on plant biomass, metal and nutrient contents was determined in comparison with that of Al or Cr stress alone. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pH, Al and Cr in the medium solution on the uptake of mineral elements as well as Al and Cr in the two barley genotypes differing in Al tolerance. Aluminum sensitive genotype Shang 70-119 had significantly higher Cr and Al contents in plants than Al-tolerant genotype Gebeina. Barley roots had much higher Al and Cr contents than above-ground plant parts. Chromium contents were much higher in the solution with pH 4.0 than in that with pH 6.5. Aluminum stress reduced phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) contents in roots and restrained potassium (K) and iron (Fe) from being translocated into shoots and leaves. Chromium stress resulted in reduced P, K, Mg, S, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in roots at pH 6.5 and P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn and Mn contents at pH 4.0. Translocation of all nutrients from roots to upper parts of plants was inhibited except Ca in pH 6.5 with Cr addition. Lower contents of all nutrients were observed at pH 4.0 as compared to pH 6.5. Combined stress of Cr and Al, on the whole, caused further reduction in mineral content in all plant parts of the two barley genotypes as compared to Al or Cr stress alone. Moreover, the reduction was more pronounced in Al sensitive genotype Shang 70-119.  相似文献   

4.
The objective of this study was to determine if treatment with silicon (Si) may improve nutrient uptake by soybean under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation stress. Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars, ‘Kennong 18’ (K 18) and ‘Zhonghuang 13’ (ZH 13), were grown in hydroponic cultures under ambient and supplemental levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315 nm) with and without Si. Supplemental UV-B radiation simulating 30% stratospheric ozone depletion significantly decreased plant biomass by 74.9 to 135.6%, increased leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by 9% and 16%, respectively, decreased leaf magnesium (Mg) contents by 9%, and calcium (Ca) by 24%. UV-B radiation caused a substantial increase in the allocation of P, potassium (K) and Ca to roots compared with stem and leaves, presumably to ensure sustained nutrient uptake under the stress. Silicon application improved the uptake of P and Mg by 11%, which favored the partitioning of dry mass to shoots under UV-B radiation and the allocation of tissue P and Ca to roots. The overall changes due to Si supported a reasonable increase in dry mass of the ‘K 18’ cultivar.  相似文献   

5.
The effect of increasing aluminum (Al) concentrations on root nutrient contents along with the concurrent translocation to the shoot of C4 plants prompted this study. Two‐week‐old maize (Zea mays cv XL‐72.3) plants were therefore submitted for 20 days to Al concentrations ranging from 0 to 3.00 mM in a medium with low ionic strength were used as a test system. Aluminum concentrations in root tissues showed a 3‐fold increase between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatment, and was not detected in the shoot. Root plasma membrane‐H+ ATPase activity decreased after the 0.33 mg L‐1 Al treatment, while membrane permeability increased up to 1.00 mM Al treatment. Root and shoot biomass decreased after the 0.33 mM Al treatment. All elements in the roots, except potassium (K), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were highest for plants treated with 0.33 mM Al. Potassium increased continuously between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatments, and iron (Fe) decreased above 0.33 mM. Only a slight decrease in nitrogen (N) was observed. All the measured nutrients in shoots, except N, Mn, and Fe decreased above 0.33 mM, but calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) had little variation as Al varied. Data indicated that maximum net uptake for mineral nutrients, except Mn, occurred up to 0.33 mM Al. Translocation of phosphorus (P), K, Mn, and Zn decreased above 0.33 mM Al, N, and Ca decreased when any Al was added, and no clear trend was observed for Mg and Fe. Between the 0 and the 3.00 mM Al treatments, electrolytic conductance did not increased significantly indicating that the observed inhibitions of translocation from roots to shoots were not directly related to increasing membrane degradation.  相似文献   

6.
The effects of silicon (Si) on the toxicity of aluminum (Al) to mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) seedlings were studied in a growth chamber. Mungbean seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution with combinations of three concentrations of Si (0,1, and 10 mM) and three concentrations of Al (0, 2, and 5 mM) in randomized completely block design experiments for 16 days. Silicon at 1 mM in the solution decreased root length, fresh and dry weights, and chlorophyll content, and showed no significant effect on epicotyl length and seedling height, and protein contents of shoots or roots in mungbean seedling under no Al stress. But, Si at 10 mM showed marked toxic effects on mungbean seedling growth and increased protein contents of the shoots or roots. In contrast, under 2 mM Al stress, Si addition at 1 mM had significant increasing effect on root length, fresh and dry weights, and chlorophyll content. It also had decreasing effect on protein contents of the shoots or roots, and had no effect on epicotyl length and seedling height. Silicon addition at 10 mM showed no effect on morphological and physiological measurements of mungbean seedling. However, Si at 1 mM added to solution only increased seedling height, epicotyl length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content, but decreased dry weight and protein content of the roots under 5 mM Al stress, significantly. Silicon addition at 10 mM showed similar toxic effects on mungbean seedling growth under 5 mM Al stress to that under no Al stress.  相似文献   

7.
A decrease in soil water content during droughts may increase aluminum (Al) to concentrations that are toxic to the growth of trees. The effects of water stress (WS) on the response of ectomycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings to aluminum was determined by growing seedlings in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 5, or 10 mg L‐1 Al. Water stress was imposed for 41 days by withholding nutrient solution for five consecutive days each week. At harvest time, seedlings at high WS had 72% of mean gravimetric water contents of seedlings at low WS. Aluminum decreased growth of seedlings at high WS, but had no effect on growth of seedlings at low WS. Aluminum toxicity symptoms in roots (e.g., dark thickened tips) were observed at lower Al levels at high WS than at low WS. Stem dry weight was the only plant part decreased by water stress alone. Across Al levels, Al concentration in roots was higher at low WS than at high WS. Water stress alone reduced root [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca)] and foliar [P, K, and magnesium (Mg)] concentrations of mineral nutrients. Decreases of nutrients in roots with increasing Al was greater at low than at high WS. Calcium was the only foliar nutrient decreased by Al treatment.  相似文献   

8.
高铝低磷胁迫对胡枝子生长及矿质元素吸收的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
董晓英  沈仁芳 《土壤》2009,41(4):562-565
限制酸性土壤作物生长的最重要、最普遍的因子是Al3+ 的毒害和 P 的缺乏.本文用溶液培养试验研究两种不同生态型的二色胡枝子在高Al低P胁迫下的矿质营养元素积累情况.试验表明,江西胡枝子比河北胡枝子更耐低 P 低 pH 的生长环境,但两者间耐Al性无显著差异;100 μm/L Al 处理显著地抑制了两种胡枝子对 Ca 的吸收,降低了根系 Mg 的积累量,对植株的 K、P、Fe、Zn、Cu 含量没有显著影响;低 P 处理没有显著降低两种胡枝子对 Ca、K、Fe、Zn、Cu 和江西胡枝子对 Mg 的吸收,但是低 P 处理显著降低了河北胡枝子对 Mg 的吸收和转运.二色胡枝子植株吸收的 Al 主要积累在根部,地上部分Al含量仅是根系的1% 左右.  相似文献   

9.
The objective of this study was to determine relations between Al effects and mineral concentrations in citrus seedlings. Six‐month‐old seedlings of five citrus rootstocks were grown for 60 days in supernatant nutrient solutions of Al, P, and other nutrients. The solutions contained seven levels of Al ranging from 4 to 1655 μM. Al and similar P concentrations of 28 μM P. Aluminum concentrations in roots and shoots increased with increasing Al concentration in the nutrient solution. Aluminum concentrations in roots of Al‐tolerant rootstocks were higher than those of Al‐sensitive rootstocks. When Al concentrations in nutrient solution increased from 4 to 178 μM, the K, Mg, and P concentrations in roots and the K and P levels in shoots increased. Conversely, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in the roots and Ca, Mg, Cu, and Fe in the shoots decreased. The more tolerant rootstocks contained higher Fe concentrations in their roots than did the less tolerant ones when Al concentrations in solution were lower than 308 μM. Concentrations of other elements (Ca, K, P, Mg, Zn, and Mn) in roots or shoots exhibited no apparent relationship to the Al tolerance for root or shoot growth of the rootstocks. Calcium, K, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations in roots and Mg and K concentrations in shoots of all five rootstocks seedlings had significant negative correlations with Al concentrations in corresponding roots or shoots.  相似文献   

10.
This study was conducted to determine relationships between Al toxicity and mineral uptake of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). Two culti‐vars of each species were grown in 1/5‐strength Steinberg solution with 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm Al added. The solutions were adjusted to pH 4.8 at transplanting and were not adjusted thereafter. The plants were grown in a growth chamber for 19 days before harvesting to determine nutrient solution pH, dry weights, and Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P levels in plants. Increasing Al concentration reduced the final pH of solutions. The addition of 12 ppm Al severely reduced the growth and increased Al concentration of plant tops. The Al levels in roots generally increased with increments of added Al up to 6 ppm. Increasing Al decreased the uptake of Ca, Mg, and P by plant tops more than that of K. Regression analyses indicated that Al toxicity was associated with increasing K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios and decreasing P concentration in plant tops. Differences between species were: higher Al concentration in rye than wheat with 6 and 12 ppm Al, higher translocation of Ca from roots to tops in wheat than in rye and Mg in triticale and wheat than rye; K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios associated with 50% reduction in top growth followed the order: triticales > tolerant wheat > sensitive wheat > rye. Differences in mineral uptake associated with Al toxicity in wheat were more indicative of differential Al sensitivity in wheat than in triticale and rye which have higher internal Al tolerance.  相似文献   

11.
Aluminum (Al) toxicity was studied in two tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Mountain Pride’ and Floramerica') grown in diluted nutrient solution (pH 4.0) at 0, 10, 25, and 50 μM Al levels. In the presence of 25 and 50 μM Al, significant reduction was found in leaf area, dry weight, stem length, and longest root length of both cultivars. Growth of ‘Floramerica’ was less sensitive to Al toxicity than growth of ‘Mountain Pride’. Elemental composition of the nutrient solutions were compared immediately after the first Al addition and four days later. The uptake of micronutrients copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), boron (B), and iron (Fe) from the nutrient solution was reduced in both cultivars with increasing Al levels. Nutrient solution Al gradually decreased in time for every treatment; less in cultures of ‘Floramerica’ than in ‘Mountain Pride’. Aluminum treatments decreased the calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), Mn, Fe, and Zn content in the roots, stems, and leaves. Aluminum treatment promoted the accumulation of P, Mo, and Cu in the roots, and inhibited the transport of these nutrients into stems and leaves. At 25 and 50 μM levels of Al, lower Al content was found in the roots of cv. “Floramerica’ than in the roots of cv. ‘Mountain Pride’.  相似文献   

12.
Marigold (Tagetes erecta L. cv. ‘Discovery Yellow’, “Perfection Yellow’, ‘Inca Yellow’, and ‘Merrymum Yellow') were grown in aluminum (Al) solution culture concentrations of 0, 1, or 4 mg/L. Aluminum increased root length and weight, but had no effect on stem and leaf weight. Uptake and stem and leaf tissue nutrient concentration of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were reduced by the Al treatments. The Al treatments increased stem and leaf concentrations of potassium (K) and decreased the concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). No typical Al‐toxicity symptoms were observed in the roots. Root stunting caused by Fe toxicity was alleviated by the Al treatments.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) benefit plants by allowing them to grow and produce in relatively harsh mineral stress environments. This has been attributed extensively to ability of AMF to expand the volume of soil for which mineral nutrients are made available to plants compared to what roots themselves would contact. This article reviews the effects of AMF on enhancing/reducing acquisition of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), boron (B), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and some trace elements in plants. The nutrients enhanced most in host plants grown in many soils (e.g., high and low soil pH) are P, N, Zn, and Cu, but K, Ca, and Mg are enhanced when plants are grown in acidic soils. Many AMF have also the ability to ameliorate Al and Mn toxicities for plants are grown in acidic soil.  相似文献   

15.
‘Helleri’ holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri') plants were grown in solution culture at aluminum (Al) concentrations of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 mg.L‐1 for 116 days. Aluminum did not affect root or crown index, stem length growth, plant dry weight, or leaf area. Aluminum treatments significantly increased Al uptake and reduced nutrient uptake of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) on some sampling dates. Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) uptake decreased on most sampling dates but increased on some with Al treatments. Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and boron (B) uptake were significantly affected by Al, decreasing and increasing at different sampling dates. Although plants preferentially took up ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4 +‐N) in all treatments (including 0 Al controls), neither NH4 +‐N nor nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3 ‐N) uptake were affected by Al. Tissue concentrations of P, K, B, Zn, and Al increased with Al treatment; whereas tissue Ca, Mg, and Cu concentrations decreased with increasing Al. Iron and Mn tissue concentrations exhibited increases and decreases in different tissues. Results indicated that ‘Helleri’ holly was tolerant of high concentrations of Al.  相似文献   

16.
Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plant growth and aids in stress tolerance. In this study, the effects of Si on long-term copper (Cu) toxicity in the low Si accumulator Nicotiana tabacum were evaluated. Silicon supplementation alleviated growth inhibition in roots and shoots of N. tabacum exposed to Cu toxicity. Alleviation of Cu toxicity correlated with increased Si accumulation in roots and leaves, suggesting N. tabacum contains a stress-regulated mechanism for Si transport. Root Cu concentration decreased in Si-supplemented plants exposed to Cu toxicity. Interestingly, Copper Transporter 1 (COPT1) expression decreased in roots of Si-supplemented plants exposed to Cu toxicity, which may contribute to Cu uptake reduction. Decreases in ethylene (ET) biosynthetic gene expression were previously implicated in Si-mediated stress alleviation. In the present study, Si-mediated alleviation of Cu toxicity corresponded with increased ET biosynthetic gene expression.  相似文献   

17.
This study was undertaken to examine the combined effect of soil‐applied phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As) on P, As, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lantanium (La), and cerium (Ce) concentrations of sunflower plants under glasshouse conditions determined by polarized‐energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Three levels of As (0, 30, and 60 mg kg?1) and four levels of P (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg?1) were applied to soil‐grown plants. Increasing levels of both As and P significantly increased As concentrations in the plants. Plant growth was significantly reduced with increased As supply regardless of applied P levels. Arsenic toxicity caused significant increases in the concentrations of Mn, La and Ce, but it decreased K, Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Zn, Cu, Rb, and Sr concentrations. Applied P increased the concentrations of Ti, Sr, and Ba and decreased Zn and Cu. In conclusion, the use of P fertilizers in As‐contaminated soils should be carefully considered in respect to increased As, Ti, Sr, and Ba availability and reduced Zn and Cu availability.  相似文献   

18.
Soil acidity is often associated with toxic aluminum (Al), and mineral uptake usually decreases in plants grown with excess Al. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Al (0, 35, 70, and 105 μM) on Al, phsophorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn,) and copper (Cu) uptake in shoots and roots of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. SC283] colonized with the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi isolates Glomus intraradices UT143–2 (UT143) and Glomus etunicatum UT316A‐2 (UT316) and grown in sand (pH 4.8). Mycorrhizal (+VAM) plants had higher shoot and root dry matter (DM) than nonmycorrhizal (‐VAM) plants. The VAM treatment had significant effects on shoot concentrations of P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn; shoot contents of P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu; root concentrations of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu; and root contents of Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. The VAM effects on nutrient concentrations and contents and DM generally followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > ‐VAM. The VAM isolate UT143 particularly enhanced Zn uptake, and both VAM isolates enhanced uptake of P and Cu in shoots and roots, and various other nutrients in shoots or roots.  相似文献   

19.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2439-2451
Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of boron (B) on biomass production and nutrition of aluminum (Al)‐stressed apple (Malus sp.) rootstocks. The study was carried out under greenhouse conditions on Polish rootstock (P22) and Malling 26 (M.26) planted singly into 1‐L plastic pots filled with perlite and supplied with Hoagland's medium at pH 4.5 without or with Al (100 µM as AlCl3). Boron was added into the Al‐containing medium at 20, 40, or 60 µM whereas into the medium without Al only at 20 µM as boric acid. The results showed that the presence of Al in the medium reduced biomass production of P22 and M.26 rootstocks by 22% and 41%, respectively. Rates of uptake and translocation of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) to aerial plant parts were decreased for Al‐treated rootstocks. Aluminum‐stressed P22 rootstocks grown in nutrient solution at 40 and 60 µM B had higher dry weight of leaves and roots, and also higher ability to take up P, Mg, and Ca and lower Al than those grown in the presence of Al at 20 µM B in the medium. Rates of absorption and transport of B to aerial plant parts corresponded with B level in the medium. These results suggest that on acid soils with high Al availability, supra‐optimal B concentrations in soil solution (40–60 µM) can prevent/alleviate Al toxicity in apple trees grafted on P22 rootstocks.  相似文献   

20.
The present study was conducted to evaluate shoot and root mineral composition of salt-stressed Selva strawberry under application timing of salicylic acid (SA). Treatments included plants sprayed with 0.5 or 1 mM SA, plants exposed to 40 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), and plants sprayed with 0.5 or 1 mM SA 1 week before, simultaneously, or after initiation of 40 mM salinity. Results indicated that under saline conditions, sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) contents increased along with decrease in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in shoot and root of plants. In plants treated with SA at 1 mM concentration, 1 week before salinity application, root Mg and shoot Ca were greater in comparison to salt-stressed plants treated with the same SA concentration 1 week after their exposure to salt stress. Thus, earlier SA application appears to be a better strategy for optimized protection against deleterious influence of salinity.  相似文献   

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