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1.
本研究从基质原料选材、前处理措施,混合基质配比、养分提供,栽培基质的科学使用等方面重点介绍了我国无土栽培基质的新研究成果和应用方法,阐述了我国蔬菜无土栽培基质的研究与应用概况及发展趋势。 相似文献
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为了综合利用木薯渣废弃资源,本研究以木薯渣作为基本原料,辅以不同比例的蔗渣、菌糠等,配制成9个配方的木薯渣复合基质,并进行理化性状分析和辣椒穴盘育苗试验。试验结果表明,绝大部分复合基质的容重、pH、C/N、电导率和大小孔隙比均在优良无土栽培基质要求的范围内;其中,复合基质配方2（67%木薯渣＋5%蔗渣）、配方7（62%木薯渣＋10%菌糠）和配方9（42%木薯渣＋30%菌糠）对辣椒穴盘育苗的效果最好,所对应的辣椒苗的株高、地上部鲜重和根鲜重均比其它基质配方高,辣椒苗根部结团效果亦较好。因此,利用木薯渣可以合成复合基质用于辣椒的无土栽培穴盘育苗,该研究结果将为木薯渣废弃资源的再利用提供了一条新的途径。 相似文献
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Miguel Urrestarazu Pilar Carolina Mazuela Gabino Alberto Martínez 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):2031-2043
Certain ecologically-friendly substrates have recently been shown to be perfectly viable alternatives to other more traditional ones such as rockwool, perlite, or some hydroponic systems. However, in order to be competitive for vegetable production in the Mediterranean region, substrates must be used for at least one year. The present study assessed random samples of two commercial substrates, almond shell and compost from greenhouse vegetable residue. The substrates were evaluated as growing media for long-term soilless production. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of reusing these substrates, comparing them with rockwool in terms of yield and fruit quality characteristics of melon and tomato. The physical, physico-chemical, and chemical properties studied differed significantly on reutilizing these materials. However, these differences did not prove to be limiting factors when fertigation parameters applied were adjusted according to substrate properties. The results suggest that compost and commercial almond shells seem to be acceptable growing media after at least 265 and 530 days of reutilization, respectively. 相似文献
4.
循环式海绵基质培是根据世界无土栽培技术发展趋势和中国具体国情进行试验设计、研制而成的新型无土栽培设备。其主要特点是：1)基质用量少，成本低；2)供排液分开，避免根际病害传播；3)配套营养液生物过滤装置，提高系统安全稳定性；4)营养液供给自动控制。循环式海绵基质培由贮液池、农用海绵基质（黑白双色膜包被）、双层槽式集液系统、营养液滴灌系统及自控设备、营养液生物过滤系统等组成。循环式海绵基质培在中国东南沿海地区一年可以栽培两茬果菜，亩产量达10000 kg以上，亩产值1.5万元以上，适合农业示范园区内的大型温室应用。 相似文献
5.
循环式海绵基质培是根据世界无土栽培技术发展趋势和中国具体国情进行试验设计、研制而成的新型无土栽培设备.其主要特点是1)基质用量少,成本低;2)供排液分开,避免根际病害传播;3)配套营养液生物过滤装置,提高系统安全稳定性;4)营养液供给自动控制.循环式海绵基质培由贮液池、农用海绵基质(黑白双色膜包被)、双层槽式集液系统、营养液滴灌系统及自控设备、营养液生物过滤系统等组成.循环式海绵基质培在中国东南沿海地区一年量达10000 kg以上,亩产值1.5万元以上,适合农业示范园区内的大型温室应用. 相似文献
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将4种土壤速效磷测定方法 [Olsen法(常规方法)、Bary1法、ASI法、Mehlich3法]用于无土栽培基质速效磷的测定,结果表明:在显著水平α=0.05,ASI法与Olsen法测定的速效磷没有显著性差异,而Bary1法和Meh-lich3法与Olsen法测定的速效磷存在极显著性差异,故ASI法可用于无土栽培基质速效磷的测定。 相似文献
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Christos Lykas Nikolaos Katsoulas Panagiotis Giaglaras Constantinos Kittas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1585-1599
The influence of nutrient solution (1) mixing rate, and (2) time of use on pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of a recirculated nutrient solution used for the irrigation of a greenhouse soilless rose crop was studied. Measurements of microclimate variables, pH, and EC of nutrient solutions and crop transpiration were conducted. The measurements of pH and EC values of nutrient solutions mixed with different mixing rates and applied for crop fertigation were used to develop and calibrate a model for pH and EC prediction in relation to nutrient-solution mixing rate and time of use. Application of the calibrated model gave satisfactory results. It was found that nutrient solutions with high mixing rates or volume equal to or double that of the total water consumed by the canopy during the conservation period had the most stable EC evolution and minimal pH changes. 相似文献
10.
Mahesh Chand Singh K. G. Singh J. P. Singh A. K. Mahal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(11-12):1316-1332
A study was carried out in a split plot design in three replicates during 2016–17 to monitor the performance of soilless cucumbers in relation to differential fertigation. The treatments included fertigation levels viz. 100.0% (F1), 85.0% (F2) and 70.0% (F3) in main plots and varieties viz. Kafka (V1), Multistar (V2) and PBRK-4 (V3) in sub plots. Fertigation levels and varieties significantly affected the fruit yield being highest and lowest values for F1V2 and F3V3, respectively. The average fruit yield with and without fruit thinning was obtained in the range of 2.4–3.5?kg plant?1 and 3.3–4.4?kg plant?1, respectively. The crop water use efficiency (CWUE) was computed to be in the range of 60.4–86.3?kg m?3 and 84.6–108.9?kg m?3 with and without fruit thinning. Overall, the soilless cucumber cultivation in relation to differential fertigation under naturally ventilated greenhouse conditions proved to be a success in terms of plant growth, yield, quality and economic viability. 相似文献
11.
Miguel Urrestarazu María del Carmen Salas Diego Valera Adrián Gómez Pilar Carolina Mazuela 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):527-538
Root temperature may affect the production of greenhouse vegetables under soilless culture. Four independent experiments were carried out over two consecutive crop cycles using two different substrates: rockwool and coconut coir waste. Three heating treatments were applied: non heating (T0), nutrient solution at 12–16°C (T1), and at 18–22°C (T2). The experiments were carried out in greenhouses in Almería (SE Spain) on cucumber and melon. Mean substrate and air temperature were not affected by the treatments. Under conditions of nutrient solution heating EC and percentage of drainage volume decreased, while water and mineral nutrient absorption increased. However, results showed great differences between both crops and substrates. A significant decrease in nitrate and phosphate emission from the substrates was also recorded, especially in rockwool substrate. Few effects were observed concerning yield and fruit quality parameters, but in rockwool-grown melon early yield was enhanced. It follows that nutrient solution heating is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method of increasing early melon yield. 相似文献
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中国大陆无土栽培发展概况 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
近15年来,中国无土栽培的发展异常迅猛,1985年全国无土栽培的面积只有0.1hm2,1995年发展到50hm2。目前中国无土栽培的总面积约为315hm2,与5年前相比增长了3倍多,其中绝大部分都用于蔬菜生产,只有很小一部分用于花卉生产。目前中国生产上使用的无土栽培系统主要为有机生态型无土栽培系统、浮板毛管法、NFT、DFH和鲁-SC系统。存在的主要问题是如何降低无土栽培系统的投资、提高产量、改善品质、并不污染环境。有机生态型无土栽培能生产绿色食品蔬菜。该文主要介绍了中国无土栽培的历史、采用的主要无土栽培系统型式、无土栽培研究和推广工作进展以及无土栽培在中国的发展前景。 相似文献
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基质类型及烯效唑对不同秧龄晚稻机插质量和产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为明确基质类型及烯效唑对不同秧龄晚稻秧苗生理特征及本田期生长发育特性的影响,确定适宜晚稻机插育秧的基质类型、烯效唑浸种措施及秧龄,该研究以嘉58为供试晚稻品种,以2种代表性育秧介质(营养土和轻型无土育秧基质)为研究对象,采用2种(清水浸种和25 mg/L烯效唑浸种)外源生长调控措施,阐明了不同育秧介质和烯效唑浸种对不同秧龄晚稻秧苗生理特征、机插质量的影响及调控技术。结果表明,随晚稻秧龄延长,秧苗地上部分干物质量显著增加,叶片SPAD值和根系活力先增加后降低;水稻全生育期延长,大田生育期缩短。采用烯效唑浸种可提高秧苗素质,浸种处理秧苗茎基宽约增加0.1~0.2 mm,株高显著降低,叶片SPAD值和根系活力显著提高。短秧龄条件下烯效唑浸种对秧块质量和机插质量影响较小,长秧龄条件下烯效唑浸种可有效提高成苗率和大田基本苗数,降低漏插率和伤秧率。采用营养土育秧时最适机插秧龄为18 d,轻型无土基质育秧适宜机插秧龄为18~24 d。秧龄大于24 d时,烯效唑浸种可提高营养土育秧晚稻有效穗数和每穗粒数,增加晚稻产量,且秧龄越长,烯效唑浸种的增产效果越显著。烯效唑浸种对轻型无土基质育秧的产量影响较小。采用轻型无土育秧基质培育机插晚稻秧苗,产量高于常规营养土处理,适宜晚稻机插育秧。研究结果可为提升晚稻种植机械化水平提供重要参考。 相似文献
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《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):431-445
Abstract This paper presents a simple model for the changes in ion concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) of the recirculating nutrient solution in a closed-loop soilless culture of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The model was designed on the basis of a balanced equation for plant nutrient uptake: for macrocations (K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), a linear dependence of concentration on crop water uptake was assumed, while for non-essential ions, such as sodium (Na+), a non-linear function was used. The model was developed for closed-loop hydroponic systems in which crop water uptake (namely, transpiration) is compensated by refilling the mixing tank with complete nutrient solution. In these systems, EC gradually increases as a result of the accumulation of macro-elements and, principally, of non-essential ions, like Na+, for which the apparent uptake concentration (i.e., the ratio between nutrient and water uptake) is lower than their concentration in the irrigation water. For model calibration, data from both the literature and a previous work were used, while validation was performed with data from original experiments conducted with tomato plants in different seasons and using water with different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (10 and 20 meq/L). The results of validation indicate that the model may be a useful tool for the management of closed-loop hydroponics, because it simulates rather well the salt accumulation that occurs in the recirculating nutrient solution when it is prepared with irrigation water of poor quality. Furthermore, the model is able to estimate the amount of crop evapotranspiration that leads to a value of EC at which flushing is necessary, thus enabling one to predict the water and nitrogen runoff of the semi-closed soilless culture. 相似文献
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为了减少营养液排放对环境造成的污染，世界范围内的无土栽培系统正逐步由开放式向封闭式转变。封闭式无土栽培系统中根系病害的传播危险急剧增加，因此营养液消毒技术的研究和应用发展迅速。该文综述了国内外营养液消毒方法、原理、成本及应用效果，重点介绍了营养液消毒新技术－慢砂过滤。 相似文献
16.
无土栽培营养液消毒技术研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了减少营养液排放对环境造成的污染,世界范围内的无土栽培系统正逐步由开放式向封闭式转变.封闭式无土栽培系统中根系病害的传播危险急剧增加,因此营养液消毒技术的研究和应用发展迅速.该文综述了国内外营养液消毒方法、原理、成本及应用效果,重点介绍了营养液消毒新技术-慢砂过滤. 相似文献
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The application of permanent salt stress during fruit production has been suggested to restrict vegetative growth and improvement of fruit quality, especially sweetness. The present study was carried out due to the lack of application of increasing the electrical conductivity of a nutrition solution in a specific period in order to enhance the quality of strawberries grown in a soilless culture system. The investigated cultivars differed in their sensitivity to increasing nutrient solution concentration. Camarosa and Gaviota Cultivars in 120% temporary increasing the concentration of nutrient solution produced about 45.7% and 8.24% reducing yield, respectively, than the control. The highest SSC/TA (soluble solid content/titrable acidity) was observed in 80% (15.6%) and 120% (22.15%) of temporary increasing the concentration of nutrient solution treatments, compared to control. Also, the maximum of total anthocyanin content (33.38%) was observed in 120% of temporary increasing the concentration of nutrient solution treatment – Gaviota, compared to control. The finding of the present study showed that cultivar Camarosa and 120% of temporary increasing the concentration of nutrient solution treatment could improve strawberry fruit quality in soilless culture. Although, according yield in temporary increasing the concentration of nutrient solution condition, cultivar Gaviota tolerant was higher than cultivar Camarosa. 相似文献
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滴灌施肥机灌水与施肥均匀性试验 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了研究滴灌施肥机在不同压力条件下灌水流量和溶液浓度的时空变化以及水力要素对灌溉均匀性的影响,该文以荧光示踪剂溶液模拟肥料,并以比例混合泵滴灌施肥机为研究对象,通过连续均匀采样的试验方法分析其灌水和施肥均匀性。结果表明：比例混合泵施肥机在不同压力条件下灌水和施肥均匀性都很好,但在施肥过程中存在施肥滞后时间和停肥延时时间,这两个时间决定施肥机灌溉的最小时间及最佳施肥方式,同时受这两个时间的影响,选择不同滴灌施肥测试时间得到的施肥均匀性分析结果存在着差别。 相似文献
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无土栽培能防止土壤传染的病害,省水、省肥、高产,并能生产无污染的蔬菜,是农业生产上的一种革命。无土栽培的主要方式有袋培,岩棉培,深水岩棉培,基质水培,NFT,喷雾栽培和水雾培等。其生产成本以袋培最低,在我国应用效果良好,应首先进行推广。基质水培可以在部分经济条件较好的地区应用,NFT系统初期投资大,用电多,当前在我国不宜大面积推广,但时无土栽培的科学研究应该加强。 相似文献
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西欧、北美的无土栽培以基质栽培为主,NFT面积很小。西欧作物种植比例,蔬菜占80％以上,花卉和其他作物较少。基质栽培中以岩棉发展最快,今后发展的动向,岩棉板栽培仍将占压倒的优势,袋培次之,砂培和NFT也将有一定的发展。温室节能,作物生理及无土栽培设备的改进,仍是今后研究的重点。 相似文献