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生物多样性保护是全球范围内的生态学问题,以往的观念是,人类活动是导致生物多样性急剧下降的主要原因,所以全球范围内都加快了生态环境的保护。但目前很多的森林、草地及自然资源出现了过度保护现象,导致生物多样性并没有随着环境保护的加强而增多。为了研究干扰对物种多样性的影响,本文设计了在不同光照条件下的人为干扰实验,运用Margalef丰富度指数、Sinmpson指数、Shannon-Winener指数和Pielou均匀度指数,研究了无人为干扰和中度干扰在不同光照条件下对物种多样性和植物生物量的影响,并以此为生态服务和生物多样性保护策略提供依据。结果表明,不同人为干扰强度和光照强度对物种的数量特征和分布特征产生了影响,有人为干扰样方中的物种多样性比无人为干扰样方中的高,中度干扰样方中物种数量多于轻度干扰样方。有光照的样方中物种数量比荫蔽样方中的物种数量要高。光照强度和人为干扰对地面现存生物量有影响,并且光照强度的影响要大于人为干扰。 相似文献
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<正>基于生物多样性保护的森林培育模式是一种注重维护和促进生物多样性的森林管理方法,旨在通过合理规划和实施森林培育措施,保护和增加森林中的生物多样性,进而朝着可持续发展目标不断迈进。基于生物多样性保护的森林培育模式的现实意义与基本原则现实意义基于生物多样性保护的森林培育模式具有重要的现实意义。一是维护生态平衡。森林是地球上最重要的生态系统之一,维持着全球生态平衡。通过注重保护和增加生物多样性,可以确保森林中各个物种的相互依存关系和生态功能得以维持,从而促进自然界的稳定。二是保护濒危物种。许多濒危物种依赖特定的栖息地和环境条件才能存活。 相似文献
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认真实施极小种群物种保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南是全球生物多样性最丰富、最集中的地区之一,生物多样性保护受到了国际国内的高度关注,并被列为国际生物多样性的热点地区。云南是全国极小种群物种集中分布的省份,保护形势严峻,责任重大,使命光荣。 相似文献
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生物多样性研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
生物多样性是地球生命经过几十亿年发展进化的结果,给人类提供了丰富的食物、药物资源,是人类赖以生存的物质基础;而且在保持土、调节气候、维持自然平衡等方面起着不可替代的作用,是人类社会可持续发展的生存支持系统。近年来,随着全球极端气温的不断出现,自然栖息地的侵占和人为隔离（片断化）等,导致生物生物多样性正面临着日益退化和丧失的威胁。本文基于遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性等几个层次总结了生物多样性的概念及内涵;利用物种丰富度指数、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度以及被引入用来测度生态系统生物多样性的热力学单位熵等测度指标,总结了目前物种多样性的主要测度指数;介绍了以生物多样性与生态系统功能关系研究,生物多样性和生态系统服务服务功能及其价值评估,生物多样性与气候变化,生物多样性的保护,生物入侵与生物安全,生物多样性信息管理等当前国内外对生物多样性研究的热点问题;以为今后本区域生物多样性研究和保护提供理论基础。 相似文献
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森林树种生物多样性的保护是当代全球关切的问题之一。要保存森林资源,也就要保存森林物种,更重要的是保存构成森林主体的树木。而要保存树种,首先要保存树种内性状的多样性,因为种内多样性消失是物种消失的先导。同名性状多样性,是决定或控制同名性状的等位基因决定的,因此与保存多种多样的基因资源联系在一起。现就森林树种生物多样性保护与遗传学中的变异等理论关系作以简述。１ 生物多样性和森林树种资源 生物多样性是人类赖以生存的各种有生命资源的总汇和未来工农业、医药业发展的基础,为人类提供了食物、能源、材料等基本需… 相似文献
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大围山国家级自然保护区是云南省最重要的保护区之一,生物多样性的管理十分重要。研究对生物多样性和影响生物多样性的因子进行评估。研究所采用的第一手自然和生物多样性的第一手数据,如海拔、土壤类型、坡度、森林覆盖率、植物物种、鸟类物种等从大围山保护区的28个样点中获得。用CurveExpert统计软件对这些数据进行数理统计分析,分析的结果显示鸟类物种的多样性与植物物种的多样性呈明显的正相关,说明生境对动物区系多样性保护的关键作用。该研究还分析了关键景观特征与生物多样性的相关性,并对如何测度生物多样性和增强保护和管理该区域的生物多样性提出了建议。本研究的结果不仅对大围山自然保护区的生物多样性保护和管理策略的制定有重要的意义,而且对中国其他自然保护区的保护和管理也有积极地作用。 相似文献
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西藏林芝县林芝云杉幼林更新与物种多样性指数研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
生物多样性是地球上生命经过10亿年发展进化的结果,是人类赖以生存的物质基础.随着人类活动的加剧,地球上物种灭绝的速度不断加快,现在物种灭绝的速度是自然灭绝速度的1 000倍!很多物种未被命名即已灭绝,大量的基因丧失,不同类型的生态系统面积锐减,生物多样性的保护已经成为国际关注的全球环境问题之一.目前,我国的科学工作者对内陆的各种不同森林群落的生物多样性大多已作过深入的调查、研究,但对于边远地区尤其是青藏高原的生物多样性还缺乏了解. 相似文献
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千岛湖生境片段化与生物多样性研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《林业调查规划》2015,(5)
生境片段化被认为是导致生物多样性丧失的主要因素之一。1959年因修建新安江水库大坝而形成的千岛湖是研究生境片段化和生物多样性保护的理想实验平台,吸引了国内外众多对千岛湖生境片段化研究感兴趣的生态学家和保护生物学家。基于10多年的研究,2015年5月在浙江淳安召开了"千岛湖生境片段化与生物多样性保护国际研讨会",对全球片段化研究领域内的热点科学问题进行了探讨,总结了千岛湖以往研究以及对未来的研究进行展望,进一步提升了千岛湖生境片段化与生物多样性保护研究的国际影响力。生境片段化研究中的核心问题之一是物种共存和群落聚集规律,以探讨片段化生境中生物多样性形成和维持的机制。迄今为止,在千岛湖库区已经开展鸟类、兽类、两栖爬行类、节肢动物和植物等群落和景观生物多样性的研究,并开展了千岛湖消落带植被重建的研究。随着动植物监测和研究的继续,千岛湖区域开展的科学研究工作将会得到全球更多的关注,并促进群落生态学和岛屿生物地理学等相关领域的发展。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):139-147
Abstract Forest health should be determined by ecological criteria as opposed to the more limited tree production approach. We must recognize the vital relationships between conserving biological diversity and sustaining forest ecosystems. World-wide forest management practices have too often ignored ecological principles, thereby jeopardizing forest health in the long-term. Much warranted attention has been given to rain forest problems. Temperate, mountain forests are also threatened, presenting unique sustainability problems. The forests of western Montana are a case in point. Sustainability is, of course, about time, and it is about time that forest management is changed to assure healthy forests for the future. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,32(4)
Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity.Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were evaluated.One year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by species abundance(CWM) were compared between old-growth and logged stands 55 years after logging activities.Using these data,variations in frequency of functional groups of species in the seed rain were examined to see if they could be attributed to logging.Results show that the number of seeds per trap was highly right-skewed,ranging from 13 to 12,788 seeds per trap in one year.Seed rain was affected by logging history,with seed traps in old-growth plots receiving significantly less seeds than traps in logged plots.All species included mean seed size weighted by species abundance were significantly smaller in logged than in old-growth forests.This difference persisted after the exclusion of Arawcaria a large-seeded pioneer which was intensively logged,although the difference of seed size between the two forest classes was greatly reduced.Species abundance in the seed rain differed significantly from the established tree community,between logged and oldgrowth stands.The composition of the seed rain was much more variable than the composition of the established tree community and its points more scattered over the ordination space than the points corresponding to the protected forests.The number of collected seeds across different functional groups of species significantly differed between logged and old-growth plots.The seed rain of logged forests reflects their arrested succes sion as indicated by reduced abundance of functional groups such as pioneers,large seeded pioneers and A raucaria,as well as reduced functional diversity.S eed rain differences between logged and old-growth stands reflect the intensive logging of A.angustifolia. 相似文献
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马关古林箐自然保护区植物多样性及综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性3个层面上论述了古林箐自然保护区植物多样性现状,分析了植物多样性的特征．保护区内热带湿润雨林、季节雨林、石灰山季雨林、山地雨林和南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、中山湿性常绿阔叶林均有着本区的特点：区系成分复杂而联系广泛,植被类型多样而分布集中,植物种类丰富而密集度大,起源古老而特有种多,具有很高的科学研究和保护价值． 相似文献
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Natural forests have been increasingly replaced by artificial plantations around the world. Some research results suggest
that artificial plantations can promote natural regeneration. The efforts in establishing protective forests in Hong Kong
over the last 50 years after the Second World War have resulted in many exotic tree plantations which are ideal sites for
the study of natural regeneration. This study looked at the seed rain and understorey woody plant diversity in three Lophostemon confertus plantations (25–40 years old) in Hong Kong. All the plantations were > 1 km from the nearest seed sources. Two of the plantations
had a seed rain comparable in density and diversity to unplanted grasslands, and the understorey plant diversity was also
low and dominated by shrubs. The other site had a higher and more diverse seed rain, as well as higher understorey stem density,
but both the seed rain and the understorey were dominated by the shrub Psychotria asiatica. The poor seed rain at two sites and the rarity of potential canopy tree species in both the seed rain and understory regeneration
at all sites suggest that planting exotic monocultures does not promote succession. Enrichment planting will be needed to
restore forest diversity. 相似文献
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Rural communities in the developing world contexts are heavily reliant on the environment for their livelihoods, often resulting in reduction in forest and woodland tree cover and species diversity. This article provides indicative data at two threatened tropical forest and woodland sites in northeastern South Africa. Woody individuals and species were quantified at 1-ha sample plots both close to and away from adjacent villages, and the data analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Surprisingly, for a developing world context, results suggest that the forests are in a good state of conservation. Management factors likely to be responsible are discussed. 相似文献
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Dendi Muhamad Satoru Okubo Tadashi Miyashita Parikesit Kazuhiko Takeuchi 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(6):1247-1260
To halt biodiversity loss in the humid tropics of developing countries, it is crucial to understand the roles and effects of human-modified landscapes with fragmented forest remnants in maintaining biodiversity while fulfilling the demands of local communities and reducing poverty. To implement appropriate landscape planning for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, appropriate information is required about parameters of habitat suitability among various anthropogenic habitats with a range of distances to forests and vegetation characteristics, but such information is limited. We examined differences in avian communities between a remnant forest and four types of man-made forest (two mature plantations and two agroforests) in a forest–agricultural landscape of West Java, and we analyzed the effects of both local and landscape factors on various types of species richness in this landscape. The results from non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed avifauna in the two types of agroforest was clustered separately from that in the remnant forest, mainly because drastic declines in the abundance of forest specialists (including IUCN red-listed species) and their replacement with open-habitat generalists. The mixed-tree agroforests were colonized by 30 % of forest specialists and forest-edge species found in the remnant forest, and maintained the highest richness of species endemic to Indonesia among man-made forests, implying that some forest specialists and endemics might have adapted to ancient landscape heterogeneity. High proportion of insectivorous birds was found in the remnant forest (more than 50 %) and drastically decline in man-made forests, although the species richness of insectivores did not decline significantly in broad-leaved plantations. We concluded that protection of remnant forests should be prioritized to conserve forest bird diversity. However, as different environmental factors affected the richness values of different ecological groups, appropriate landscape design and habitat management could improve functional diversity in forest–agricultural landscapes in the tropics. 相似文献
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为万里长江建起绿色屏障是历史赋予的紧迫任务。近５年来，长江中上游地区亿万人民在各级政府的领导下，以饱满的热情投入“长防林”体系工程的建设。文章介绍了“长防林”体系一期工程建设的任务、目标和工程建设现状，论述了体系建设的技术特点和体系建设后所产生的初步成效，并针对体系建设中存在的主要问题提出了解决的对策。 相似文献
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广西沿海防护林生物多样性保育功能的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林对生物多样性的保育是森林最主要的生态功能之一。在全面调查和广泛收集已有资料的基础上 ,对广西沿海防护林的生物多样性保育功能进行了比较和分析。沿海地区可划分为 5大防护林类型 :1 潮间带防护林 ;2 海岸基干防护林 ;3 陆上防护林 ;4 农田林网防护林 ;5 村庄防护林。不同类型的防护林对生物多样性的保育作用存在显著差异。潮间带防护林和村庄防护林的生物多样性保育功能较强 ,前者更有利于浮游植物、浮游动物和大型底栖动物及鸟类多样性的发育 ;后者对高等植物多样性的保育作用较明显。其它防护林类型的生物多样性保育作用均不强 ,这与它们所处的生境特点、防护林规模和人为活动的影响有关 相似文献