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膏体迷向剂对苹果园梨小、桃小食心虫的防效 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年在宁夏苹果园进行了复合膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫防效的进一步试验,试验设3个处理(涂抹高度3.5m、3.5m/4.5m交叉涂抹、交叉涂抹空白区域)、1个对照,2种膏剂附着方式(树干附着、膏剂填装塑料瓶悬挂)。通过监测全年诱蛾量、调查果实膨大期与成熟期蛀果率分析防控效果。结果显示,复合式膏体迷向剂可有效防止梨小食心虫对果实的为害,涂抹高度3.5m时,梨小食心虫诱蛾量下降76.68%;交叉涂抹时,下降70.8%;交叉涂抹空白区域下降36.8%。3个处理成熟期蛀果率分别下降84.88%、91.39%、24.19%。由于试验区桃小食心虫种群密度小,试验无法确定该迷向剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。 相似文献
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性信息素迷向丝对不同果树梨小食心虫的防控效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年在宁夏果园开展了性信息素迷向丝(北京中捷四方生物科技公司生产的长效迷向丝,有效成分占30%)对为害不同果树的梨小食心虫的防控效果研究。试验地共5.5 hm~2,栽植有成龄苹果树、梨树和李树。试验区按树种设置3个处理区,3个对照区。处理区在边缘区域每株树平均悬挂3条迷向丝,内部区域隔树悬挂,每树悬挂1条迷向丝,悬挂高度为距离地面2 m。调查各树种全年诱蛾量、诱蛾下降率、蛀果率等指标,研究迷向丝对不同果树上梨小食心虫的防控效果,分析苹果、梨和李树分区域集中栽培下梨小食心虫为害特点。研究结果显示:3个处理区的诱蛾下降率均达96%以上,果实膨大期蛀果下降率均达50%以上,成熟期蛀果下降率均达57%以上,说明性信息素迷向丝对3种果树区域的梨小食心虫防控效果明显且稳定;不同果树区域梨小食心虫发生高峰期一致;梨园中诱捕的梨小食心虫成虫最多,说明其具有寄主选择性;李园蛀果率明显高于苹果园和梨园,李果实成熟采摘后成虫诱捕量减少,同时期苹果园与梨园成虫诱捕量增加,说明梨小食心虫具有迁移为害特性。 相似文献
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为明确南疆新兴特色水果杏李上梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta（Busck）的发生规律和迷向防治效果,于2021—2022年在新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区杏李园采用性诱剂诱集法监测梨小食心虫种群动态,评估性信息素迷向丝对梨小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明,梨小食心虫在阿克苏杏李园1年发生4代,其中越冬代羽化高峰期在4月上中旬,第1代羽化高峰期在5月下旬至6月上旬,第2代羽化高峰期在7月上旬,第3代羽化高峰期在8月上中旬,存在世代重叠现象。2022年农户常规防治区内梨小食心虫的蛀果率为2.46%,性信息素迷向防治区内蛀果率为0.06%; 2021年和2022年使用性信息素迷向丝对梨小食心虫的蛀梢减退率为98.13%和88.65%,2022年的蛀果减退率为98.40%;对不同世代梨小食心虫的雄成虫迷向率在2021年为92.87%~100.00%,雌、雄成虫虫口减退率在2022年为58.75%~81.37%。表明采用梨小食心虫性信息素迷向丝为主的综合防控技术,可有效控制南疆杏李园梨小食心虫的发生与为害。 相似文献
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剂量控制是迷向技术防控梨小食心虫的关键，本文通过田间试验研究了新型材料装置固体迷向丝和高剂量自动信息素喷施系统对梨园梨小食心虫的防治效果和持效期，以期探讨新型材料和释放技术在害虫迷向中的应用。结果表明，性信息素在傍晚18：00―20：00对梨小食心虫的诱捕量占全天的93.7%，田间虫量监测以绿色粘胶诱捕器效果较好。常规化学防治处理区对梨小食心虫的平均诱蛾量为42.13头，平均蛀果率为2.64%，相对于常规化学防治处理区，新型材料固体迷向丝、高剂量自动信息素喷施系统处理区平均诱蛾量分别为1.00头、5.31头，对成虫的迷向率分别为91.84%～100%、70.86%～98.25%，平均为97.96%、91.41%，平均蛀果率分别为0.81%、0.95%，在8月采果期的蛀果防治效果分别达85.79%、77.16%，防控持效期可达6个月以上。 相似文献
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为了明确高浓度性信息素和杀虫剂胁迫对梨小食心虫的种群特征与为害的影响，2019—2020年连续2年在山西省运城市梨园内测定了性信息素迷向、杀虫剂等不同处理条件下，梨小食心虫种群数量、交配率以及蛀果率的动态变化。结果表明：2年内迷向防治区、迷向＋杀虫剂防治区、杀虫剂防治区与空白对照区内梨小食心虫种群发生动态基本一致，但各处理区梨小食心虫种群数量逐年递减；其中，迷向＋杀虫剂防治区梨小食心虫种群总量显著低于其他防控区，单个诱捕器诱蛾量分别为98.20头和67.20头；同时，迷向防治区和迷向＋杀虫剂防治区，梨小食心虫的交配率和蛀果率也显著降低。综上所述，性信息素迷向和杀虫剂结合能更好地压低梨园梨小食心虫种群数量，降低其交配率和为害。研究结果为进一步提升梨小食心虫性信息素迷向防治效果提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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利用5种果树食心虫的性诱剂通过诱捕法调查了延安苹果产区苹果园中桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫、李小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃蛀螟的发生情况及成虫在田间的种群消长动态;对梨小食心虫和李小食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”能力进行了测定。结果表明,在苹果园中发生的食心虫主要有桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫和李小食心虫3种,未诱捕到桃蛀螟和苹果蠹蛾。不同调查点的诱捕结果均表明,李小食心虫成虫种群数量最大,属于优势种群,梨小食心虫次之,桃小食心虫种群数量相对最小。桃小食心虫雄成虫1年有2个发生高峰期,越冬代成虫羽化出土极不整齐;梨小食心虫在苹果树整个生长季均可诱捕到,雄成虫1年具有不明显的4个发生盛期;李小食心虫越冬代成虫羽化较为整齐,雄成虫1年有2个明显的发生高峰期,该虫在延安地区年发生2代。梨小食心虫和李小食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”试验表明,2种食心虫的性诱剂对种内和种间雄蛾均具有引诱活性,但梨小食心虫性诱剂对种内和种间雄蛾的引诱能力均显著强于李小食心虫性诱剂,诱蛾量分别是李小食心虫性诱剂诱蛾量的2.75和2.30倍,2种食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”能力具有不对称性。本试验明确了延安苹果产区食心虫的种类组成及主要食心虫在田间的种群消长规律,对预测预报和治理苹果园食心虫提供了重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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信息素迷向法规模化防治梨小食心虫 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
梨小食心虫是梨树和桃树上一种重要的蛀食性害虫,为了推动果园害虫的无公害防治,2010年在山东省莱阳市的桃园和梨园应用信息素散发器对梨小食心虫进行了迷向防治研究。在应用信息素散发器的桃园与梨园中,梨小食心虫发生数量明显低于对照园,使用密度增加,梨小食心虫的发生数量降低,迷向率增加。每公顷施用信息素散发器450、900、1350根的桃园,对梨小食心虫的迷向率分别为67.80%、80.14%、89.29%,而梨园中对梨小食心虫的迷向率分别为84.17%、93.41%、98.17%。桃园与梨园施用信息素散发器后,梨小食心虫的蛀果率明显低于对照园,桃园与梨园对梨小食心虫的防治效果分别在40.34%～73.57%和54.24%～92.38%之间。研究表明,梨园中信息素散发器对梨小食心虫的防治效果高于桃园。 相似文献
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不同果园中主要食心虫种群监测与防控技术 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
利用性信息素和黑光灯系统调查了枣园、桃园中食心虫的种类构成及其种群发生动态,并比较了3种土壤防控措施对桃小食心虫的效果。结果显示：枣园中食心虫的数量由多到少依次为：桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫和桃蛀螟,其中桃小食心虫1年发生2代,发生期为6月上旬至9月下旬,其成虫累积诱捕量随日期的变化符合Sigmoid方程;梨小食心虫1年发生4代,发生期为5月下旬至9月下旬;桃蛀螟1年发生2代,发生期为5月下旬至9月下旬。桃园中以梨小食心虫为主,1年发生4～5代,发生期为5月上旬至9月底,年均性信息素累积诱捕量为8829头/诱捕器,而桃小食心虫和桃蛀螟数量均极少。3种土壤防控措施中,灌水覆膜对桃小食心虫防控效果最好,幼虫出土抑制率为67%,其次为盖草覆膜和盖土拍实。 相似文献
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为明确桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura成虫的种群动态变化,2002—2014年在陕西省礼泉县当地具有代表性的苹果园中,采用性诱剂诱捕器对桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态进行系统监测,并于2010年和2011年的7—8月桃小食心虫成虫盛发期,系统调查了成虫发生量与苹果着卵量的关系,建立基于性诱剂监测的桃小食心虫成虫防治指标。结果显示,苹果园桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态、始见期和终见期在年度之间差异很大,每年主要集中在6—8月发生;桃小食心虫成虫每年出现多次无规律的高峰,但第1代成虫高峰期发生的早晚与越冬代成虫高峰期出现的早晚有密切联系,即越冬代成虫高峰期出现早,则第1代成虫高峰期出现也就相对较早,且越冬代成虫发生量明显多于第1代成虫。性诱剂诱捕的成虫与卵果率之间呈极显著的对数关系,当以卵果率1%或2%为防治指标时,性诱剂诱捕器诱蛾量为8.3头/诱捕器·日或30.0头/诱捕器·日。 相似文献
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砀山县桃园梨小食心虫性诱剂3种诱芯田间诱蛾效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
王红托 岳兰菊 刘洁 盛世蒙 王梅英 范知礼 赵国荣 盛承发 Wang Hongtuo Yue Lanjü Liu Jie Sheng Shimeng Wang Meiying Fan Zhili Zhao Guorong Sheng Chengfa 《植物保护》2010,36(3):166-168
梨小食心虫是安徽省砀山县果树的头号害虫,目前种群仍呈上升之势。为改进防治技术,2009年在砀山县对常用的3种梨小性诱芯的诱蛾效果进行了田间对比,在2个桃园采用水盆诱捕法进行试验。结果表明:中科院动物研究所诱芯平均诱蛾量分别是北京公司甲和公司乙的5.17倍和3.52倍,差异均达显著水平(p0.05)。 相似文献
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Control of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by pheromone-mediated mating disruption, was studied in Israel using two types of dispensers:
Shin-Etsu twist-tie (normal and long-life) and TNO matrix formulation (square wafers). Factors affecting mating disruption:
initial pest population density, timing of the pheromone application, early season insecticide treatments and monitoring of
the pest, were evaluated. Efficacy of mating disruption was assessed by comparing catch of males in pheromone traps located
in pheromone-treated and chemically sprayed control plots. Fruit infestation during the season and at picking time was the
major criterion to assess mating disruption. The preferred time for pheromone application was before the first flight of the
moth. When pheromones were applied at a later stage, one or two early insecticide sprays had to be used to reduce the initial
level of the codling moth population. In all tests, trap catch in pheromone-treated plots was drastically reduced as compared
with respective control plots. In pheromone-treated plots where total seasonal trap catch (after pheromone application) was
less than 12 males/trap, fruit infestation was less than 1.5%; zero trap catch resulted in 0.1-0.3% infestation. At high population
levels, mating disruption was ineffective, with the rate of infestation at picking-time being similar in pheromone-treated
and control plots. All the field tests indicated that mating disruption with either Shin-Etsu ropes or TNO squares can control
codling moth infestations in apple and pear orchards, at relatively low densities of the pest, as efficiently as commercial
insecticide sprays. 相似文献
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Suckling DM Woods B Mitchell VJ Twidle A Lacey I Jang EB Wallace AR 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):1004-1014
BACKGROUND: Public opposition to aerial application of sex pheromone for mating disruption of light‐brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walk.), in California stopped its further use in the ca $ 74 million eradication programme in 2008, underscoring the need for other eradication tactics. It is demonstrated that pheromone‐treated sterile Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata Wied., can disrupt communication in male moths. RESULTS: Medflies topically dosed with moth pheromone (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate showed a no observed effect level (NOEL) of ～10 µg fly?1, with increasing toxicity from 30 to 100 µg fly?1. Greater potency and longevity of attraction and lower mortality were achieved using microencapsulated pheromone. Releases of 1000 pheromone‐treated medflies ha?1 prevented male moth catch to synthetic lures in treated 4 ha plots for 1 day in suburban Perth, Australia. Releases of ca 3000 pheromone‐treated medflies ha?1 disrupted catch to single female moths in delta traps, and to synthetic pheromone lures. Percentage disruption on the first four nights was 95, 91, 82 and 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of moth catch using pheromone‐treated medflies is a novel development that, with future improvement, might provide a socially acceptable approach for application of the insect mating disruption technique to control invasive insects in urban environments. Adequacy of payload and other issues require resolution. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Sandra Vacas Cristina Alfaro Vicente Navarro‐Llopis Jaime Primo 《Pest management science》2010,66(7):745-751
BACKGROUND: The control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), has encountered many difficulties, which has raised interest in alternative control methods. Up to now, the A. aurantii sex pheromone has been used only for monitoring. In a previous work the authors described a biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispenser for mating disruption. To verify the efficacy of these dispensers, three field trials were conducted, and the results are shown in this paper. RESULTS: The study of the release profile of these dispensers revealed a mean pheromone emission value of 269 µg day?1 and levels of residual pheromone of 10% at the end of 250 days. During the second flight, an A. aurantii male catch reduction of 98% was achieved in the mating disruption plot of trial 1, 93.5% in trial 2 and 76.7% in trial 3. During the third flight, reductions were 94.1, 82.9 and 68.1% in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Considering damaged fruit with more than five scales, reductions of about 80 and 60% were obtained in the mating disruption plots of trials 2 and 3, respectively, compared with an untreated plot, and a reduction of about 70% in trial 1 compared with an oil‐treated plot. CONCLUSION: Mating disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Alan L Knight 《Pest management science》2010,66(7):709-717
BACKGROUND: Studies surveyed the toxicity of several insecticides against adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and examined the field effectiveness of applying low‐volume (12 L ha?1) sprays alone or in combination with a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation. RESULTS: Neonicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduced fecundity at concentrations nearly 100‐fold lower than their maximum labeled field rate. Field studies in 2005 demonstrated that six applications of esfenvalerate resulted in > 90% reduction in fruit injury versus the untreated check. The addition of the MEC pheromone formulation did not further improve control. Five sprays of esfenvalerate, phosmet and acetamiprid all significantly reduced levels of fruit injury compared with the untreated control in 2006. Esfenvalerate and acetamiprid mixed with the MEC pheromone significantly reduced fruit injury compared with the MEC‐only treatment. Significant increases in pest and decreases in predator mite densities occurred in plots treated with esfenvalerate in both years. Low‐volume sprays of phosmet and acetamiprid did not disrupt mites. CONCLUSION: Low‐volume insecticide sprays can effectively manage codling moth and are less disruptive of integrated mite management. Developing an effective ‘attract and kill’ technology with this approach will require optimization of the attractant(s) to maximize moth exposure to insecticide residues. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Mangel S. Malik Richard S. Vetter Thomas C. Baker T. Roy Fukuto 《Pest management science》1991,32(1):35-46
A series of dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphono-fluoridates in which one or two of the alkyl moieties were long-chain alkyl groups were synthesized and examined for their ability to disrupt moth sex pheromone-mediated behavior of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. Disruption of pheromone-mediated behavior was found only for those compounds containing a (Z)-8-dodecenyl moiety, i.e. the alkyl substituent of the principal pheromone component ((Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate) of the oriental fruit moth. Di-((Z)-8-dodecenyl) phosphorofluoridate was nearly as disruptive as (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate. 相似文献