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1.
长期施肥红壤稻田有机碳演变规律及影响因素 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用1981年起设置的水稻土长期施肥定位试验,分析了CK(不施肥)、N(单施氮肥)、NPK(氮磷钾配施)、NPK2(2倍氮磷钾配施)和NPKM(有机无机肥配施)等施肥措施下土壤有机碳的演变规律及其与作物产量和土壤养分(全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾)的相关性.结果表明:试验30年后,各个处理的土壤有机碳含量均有上升,其中CK、N、NPK、NPK2和NPKM的土壤有机碳在试验30年分别比试验前增加18.95％、17.72％、23.36％、16.92％和32.68％.与CK处理相比,NPK、NPK2和NPKM处理的土壤有机碳平均提高了4.09％、4.03％和25.68％.土壤有机碳含量与水稻产量呈显著相关(P＜0.001),相关系数r为0.410,这说明土壤有机碳含量的增加可以促进水稻增产.土壤有机碳与土壤养分中的碱解氮、速效磷和全磷含量均表现出极显著相关(P＜0.001),相关系数r分别为0.452、0.559和0.487,但是与钾含量相关不显著.这表明:有机无机肥配施可以持续快速提高红壤性水稻土的有机碳含量,同时在有机无机肥配施过程中应适当增施钾肥,从而促进土壤肥力平衡和维持作物高产稳产,实现农业可持续性. 相似文献
2.
应用DNDC模型分析东北黑土有机碳演变规律及其与作物产量之间的协同关系 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
3.
长期施肥棕壤团聚体分布及其碳氮含量变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
【目的】探究玉米-玉米-大豆轮作体系不同施肥处理对土壤团聚体分布及其有机碳、全氮的影响,以期深入了解施肥对土壤培肥、改善土壤结构的机制。【方法】选取不施肥（CK）,化肥（NPK）,低量有机肥（M1）,低量有机肥与化肥配施（M1NPK）,高量有机肥（M2）,高量有机肥与化肥配施（M2NPK）6个处理。采集棕壤37年长期定位试验微区不同施肥处理的0-20 cm和20-40 cm土样,分析其水稳性团聚体（ 1 mm、1~0.5 mm、0.5~0.25 mm、0.25~0.053 mm及 0.053 mm）分布及其有机碳、全氮分配特征。【结果】棕壤长期施肥对团聚体分布及其碳氮的影响0-20 cm大于20-40 cm,随土层深度的增加,有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）含量减少。各处理团聚体及碳、氮在团聚体中的分配主要在黏粉粒中（40%以上）。与CK相比,NPK处理显著提高了黏粉粒的含量,降低大团聚体与微团聚体含量,显著增加黏粉粒储碳比例;M1、M2处理显著增加 1 mm团聚体数量及其SOC含量,显著增加 0.25 mm各粒级团聚体的储碳比例,且M2处理显著高于M1处理;M1NPK、M2NPK处理也显著增加 1 mm团聚体数量及其SOC含量,M1NPK与M2NPK处理在NPK处理的基础上依次增加0.5~0.25 mm（M1NPK）、1~0.5 mm及 1 mm团聚体的储碳比例,M2NPK处理 0.25 mm团聚体储碳比例最高,土壤团聚体全氮的变化趋势与有机碳类似。【结论】棕壤连续有机无机配合施用可显著增加土壤大团聚体数量、SOC、TN含量及其储碳、氮比例,是提高土壤质量、改善土壤结构的有效施肥措施。 相似文献
4.
长期施用有机肥对稻麦轮作体系土壤有机碳氮组分的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
5.
J. C. Zhang L. Zhang P. Wang Q. W. Huang G. H. Yu D. C. Li Q. R. Shen W. Ran 《European Journal of Soil Science》2013,64(6):797-804
Because of the important role of soil organic carbon (SOC) in nutrient cycling and global climate changes, there has been an interest in understanding how different fertilizer practices affect the SOC preservation and promotion. The results from this study showed that long‐term application of manure (21 years) could increase significantly the content of SOC, total nitrogen (N) and soil pH in the red soil of southern China. The chemical structure of SOC was characterized by using solid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the aromatic C, ratio of alkyl C : O‐alkyl C, aromaticity and hydrophobicity of mineral fertilizers N, P and K plus organic manure (NPKM) and organic manure (M) treatments were less than those of mineral fertilizer nitrogen (N) and mineral fertilizers N, P and K (NPK) treatments. Both poorly crystalline (Feo) and organically complexed (Fep) iron contents were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by different fertilizers, and it was observed that NPKM and M treatments increased the non‐crystalline Fe (Feo‐Fep) content. There was a significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation between soil organic C and non‐crystalline Fe in both the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) soils. The results suggested that non‐crystalline Fe played an important role in the increase of SOC by long‐term application of organic manure (NPKM and M) in the red soil of southern China. 相似文献
6.
J. Wang C. Lu M. Xu P. Zhu S. Huang W. Zhang C. Peng X. Chen L. Wu 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(2):182-190
Soil organic carbon (SOC) modelling is a useful approach to assess the impact of nutrient management on carbon sequestration. RothC was parameterized and evaluated with two long‐term experiments comparing different fertilizer treatments in north (Zhengzhou) and northeast (Gongzhuling) China. Four nutrient application treatments were used: no fertilizer (Control), mineral nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizers (NPK), NPK mineral fertilizer plus manure (NPKM), and NPK mineral fertilizer plus straw return (NPKS). The comparison between simulated and observed data showed that the model can adequately simulate SOC contents in the Control, NPK and NPKM treatments but overestimated in the NPKS treatment at both sites. By changing the value of decomposable plant material:resistant plant material (DPM:RPM) ratio from the default value to 3.35 for the NPKS treatment at the Zhengzhou site, dynamics of simulated SOC agreed with measured values. A pseudo‐parameter, straw retention factor was introduced to adjust the amount of straw incorporated into soils. Using the inverse simulation method and the modified value of the ratio, the best‐fitted value was 0.24 for the NPKS treatment at the Gongzhuling site. This result indicated that retaining straw on the soil surface makes less contribution to carbon sequestration than if it is incorporated. With this modification for straw, the model produced reasonable predictions for the two sites. The model was run for another 30 years with the modified parameter values and current average climatic conditions for different fertilizer treatments at both sites. The results suggested that the NPK application plus the addition of manure or straw would be better management practices for carbon sequestration. 相似文献
7.
长期施肥对水稻根系有机酸分泌和土壤有机碳组分的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本研究以江西省红壤研究所水稻土长期定位试验田(始于1981年)为对象,分析了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、有机无机配施(NPKM)3种施肥措施对水稻根系有机酸分泌速率及土壤有机碳组分的影响。结果表明:NPK和NPKM处理水稻根系分泌有机酸总量均显著高于CK处理(P0.05,下同),其中NPKM处理最高,提高了54.78%;相对于CK处理,NPK处理水稻根系酒石酸分泌速率显著增加,提高了82.63%,NPKM处理的草酸与苹果酸分泌速率显著增加,分别增加了69.93%、110.98%,而NPK和NPKM处理的柠檬酸分泌速率分别降低了36.57%与40.57%。与CK处理相比,NPKM处理土壤有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物生物量碳与可溶性有机碳均显著增加,而NPK处理却无显著变化;可溶性有机碳结构的进一步分析表明,NPKM处理促进了可溶性有机碳中类胡敏酸和类富里酸物质的累积,在可溶性有机碳中所占比例分别为31%、44%,NPK处理可溶性有机碳结构无明显变化;CK和NPK处理中可溶性有机碳的有机物来源主要是植物与微生物的混合源,而NPKM处理主要是微生物代谢所分泌的产物。 相似文献
8.
长期施肥对潮土不同层次活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为探索长期不同施肥下潮土不同土层活性有机质和碳库管理指数变化特征,选取不施肥对照(CK)、单施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、NPK配施有机肥(NPKM)和NPK配施秸秆还田(NPKS)4个典型施肥处理,测定并分析土壤高、中、低活性有机质含量以及碳库管理指数(CMI)变化特征。结果表明:各处理土壤有机质含量均随土层加深而降低,且处理间差异随土层深度缩小。施肥处理相对不施肥对照(CK)均明显提升了不同土层的有机质含量,以NPKM处理最高,达到13.91～33.55 g/kg。各处理以非活性和低活性有机质为主,且其比例随着土层加深而增加,其中CK处理比例最高,分别为35.6%～56.6%和17.7%～50.7%。施肥处理对土壤CMI均有提高,在0—40 cm土层,NPKS的高活性CMI最高,分别为149.54,147.01,237.65;而在40—60 cm土层,以NPKM处理的高、中活性CMI最高,达到237.65,537.67。综上所述,各处理土壤有机质和活性有机质含量均随土层加深而降低,且处理间差异随土层深度缩小;氮磷钾配施有机肥提升总有机质及活性有机质处理效果最佳。在上层土层(0—40 cm)氮磷钾配施秸秆有助于提升高、中活性有机质的碳库管理指数;而在下层土层(40—60 cm)则以氮磷钾配施有机肥最优。整体来看,NPK配施有机肥(NPKM)对土壤的肥力提升效果最好,NPK配施秸秆还田(NPKS)次之。 相似文献
9.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2187-2200
A five-year (2001/02–2006/07) field experiment was carried out on acidic clay loam soil classified as Typic Hapludalf with a maize–mustard crop sequence to study the effect of continuous application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers alone and in combination with lime, farmyard manure (FYM), and biofertilizers on soil physical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and crop yields on the hilly ecosystem of Meghalaya. Significant improvement in the soil physical conditions of the soil was observed under integrated application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers. Addition of NPK fertilizers along with organic manure, lime, and biofertilizers increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content, aggregate stability, moisture-retention capacity, and infiltration rate of the soil while reducing bulk density. The SOC content under the treatment of 100% NPK + lime + biofertilizer + FYM was significantly greater (68.58%) than in control plots. Maize and mustard crop yields also significantly increased (4.73- and 21.09-folds, respectively) with continuous application of balanced inorganic (100% NPK) + lime + biofertilizer + FYM as compared to the control plots. However, crop yields drastically reduced under application of integrated nutrients without FYM as compared to the treatment with FYM application. Thus, the results suggest that integrated use of a balanced inorganic fertilizer in combination with lime and organic manure sustains a soil physical environment that is better for achieving higher crop productivity under intensive cropping systems in the hilly ecosystem of northeastern India. 相似文献
10.
R. H. Cong X. J. Wang M. G. Xu W. J. Zhang L. J. Xie X. Y. Yang S. M. Huang B. R. Wang 《European Journal of Soil Science》2012,63(3):341-350
Soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio is one of the important properties of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we report a study of soil C:N ratio dynamics in wheat‐corn double cropping systems based on four long‐term experimental sites in China: three in the temperate zone and one in the sub‐tropical zone. We evaluate effects of long‐term fertilizer input on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by comparing three treatments: no added fertilizer (the control), added nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium chemical fertilizers (NPK), and chemical fertilizers combined with manure (NPKM). Our study shows that SOC and TN had different responses to the treatments. There was an increasing trend in SOC, even without fertilizer. However, applying inorganic fertilizers only (NPK) did not maintain TN contents at some sites. The NPKM treatment resulted in a large increase in both SOC (35–147%) and TN (33 to 10%) contents, relative to the initial values. The soil C:N ratio showed a significant increase over time at the sub‐tropical site but little change at the three temperate sites. Our analysis showed similar C:N ratios (37–38) in gross input of organic materials under the NPK treatments. However, the estimated C:N ratio during decomposition was much smaller at the sub‐tropical site (23.7) than at the three temperate sites (44.0–48.2) under the NPK treatments, which may explain the increased soil C:N ratio at the sub‐tropical site. Thus, we conclude that variations in soil C:N ratio are not caused by organic matter inputs but by decomposition in the wheat‐corn double cropping systems. 相似文献
11.
化肥有机肥配合施用下双季稻田氮素形态变化 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为揭示有机无机肥配合施用下稻田氮素的动态及迁移特征,在湘南双季水稻农作区第四纪红土发育的红黄泥稻田上进行了连续6年田间试验。通过比较不施氮肥（PK）、施用有机肥猪粪（M）、化肥（NPK）及有机肥化肥配合（NPKM）,研究稻田表层全氮、无机氮动态变化,不同层次（25—30、55—60、85—90 cm）土壤溶液无机氮动态,耕层土壤无机氮动态等。结果表明,NH4+-N是红壤双季稻田无机氮素存在的主要形态,施用化学肥料处理（NPK）施肥后1～3 d表面水NH4+-N浓度占全氮比例可达0.5～0.9,有机肥处理（M）为0.3左右。不同层次土壤溶液及其土壤氮素浓度呈现一致的特征,即施肥后短期内出现浓度峰值随后迅速下降,且随着往下推移,氮素峰值出现时间延长,表层水全氮及无机氮在施肥后1～2 d出现浓度高峰,耕层土壤及25—30 cm土壤溶液无机氮浓度高峰约在施肥后3～5 d。化肥有机肥配施有利于水稻稳产高产,年产量达12.2 t/hm2,比不施氮肥的对照产量（7.3 t/hm2）增加68%;土壤有机质6年提升18.5%,显著高于化肥。施用有机肥（M）及有机无机肥配合（NPKM）显著降低了稻田表层水全氮及不同层次土壤溶液和耕层土壤NH4+-N峰值浓度,提高水稻产量和培肥土壤,有利于减少当前氮肥过量施用带来的环境负荷。 相似文献
12.
长期有机无机肥配施下红壤性稻田水稻产量及土壤有机碳变化特征 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
利用中国农业科学院红壤实验站红壤稻田长期定位试验,研究了长期有机无机肥配施下双季稻增产潜力和土壤有机碳变化特征。31年的试验结果表明,1）施肥能促进水稻早晚稻稻谷和地上部产量增加,其中,有机肥配施均衡的NPK处理促进作用最大,NPKM处理下稻谷年均产量比NPM、 NKM、 PKM、 M和NPK分别高 5.8%、 10.9%、 16.2%、 15.9%和20.4%。2）施肥能促进水稻土有机碳含量增加,其中,有机肥配施均衡的NPK处理提升效果最为明显, NPKM处理下所测年度土壤有机碳平均含量比NPM、 NKM、 PKM、 M和NPK分别高出2.5%、 3.5%、 2.0%、 0.6%和 32.8%。3）随着试验的进行,单施有机肥对早、 晚稻稻谷和地上部产量的促进效果逐步优于单施化肥氮、 磷、 钾处理（NPK）,对土壤有机碳的提升效果也明显优于单施化肥氮、 磷、 钾。红壤性稻田双季稻生产实践中,有机无机肥配施模式值得推荐,但需均衡配施化肥氮、 磷、 钾。 相似文献
13.
为探讨黑土有机碳的长期变化规律及DNDC模型在土壤有机碳预测方面的适用性,本文利用吉林省公主岭地区黑土不同施肥措施下的长期定位试验数据,选取不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、配施有机肥(NPKM)和增施有机肥(M2+NPK)4个处理进行土壤有机碳分析,并将数据用作DNDC模型验证。验证结果表明:各处理DNDC验证中RMSE值均小于10%(分别为5.09%、6.11%、9.38%、8.36%),说明模拟值与观测值一致性良好,模型可用于该地区土壤有机碳模拟。选取了化肥施用、有机肥施用、秸秆还田比率、温度及降水5个因子进行模型的敏感性分析,结果表明:有机肥的施用对土壤有机碳含量的影响最显著,且这种影响具有持久性。最后模拟了4种施肥情境下未来(至2100年)的土壤有机碳变化情况。结果表明:对照不施肥处理(CK)土壤有机碳含量略有下降,至2100年土壤有机碳含量为11.55 g·kg-1,较试验前土壤初始有机碳(13.2 g·kg-1)下降约12.5%。单施化肥处理(NPK)土壤有机碳含量较为稳定,并未出现土壤有机碳含量下降。配施有机肥(NPKM)和增施有机肥(M2+NPK)处理土壤有机碳含量增加明显,至2100年土壤有机碳含量为24.4 g·kg-1和27.6 g·kg-1,分别较初始有机碳含量上升84.8%和109.1%。 相似文献
14.
长期施肥土壤不同粒径颗粒的固碳效率 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】探讨不同施肥措施土壤有机碳在不同粒级颗粒中的分配及变化情况,可揭示各级颗粒中有机碳与外源有机碳输入之间的定量关系。【方法】依托南方红壤连续20年长期定位施肥试验,依据外源有机碳累积输入梯度选择不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾化肥配施(NPK)、氮磷钾化肥与秸秆配施(NPKS)、轮作条件下氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施(NPKMR)、氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)、单施有机肥(M)、增量氮磷钾化肥与增量有机肥配施(1.5NPKM)7个处理,并采用物理分组方法将土壤颗粒分为砂粒(53~2000μm)、粗粉粒(5~53μm)、细粉粒(2~5μm)和粘粒(2μm)4个组分。【结果】与不施肥相比,长期施肥均能显著增加土壤总有机碳及各级颗粒中的有机碳的储量,其中以施用有机肥的效果最明显。不同施肥处理各级颗粒中以粘粒的有机碳储量最高,平均为16.26 t/hm~2。施用有机肥和秸秆还田均能显著增加砂粒中有机碳的分配比例,降低粘粒有机碳的分配比例而对粗粉粒和细粉粒无显著影响。土壤砂粒所占的质量百分比及其与粗粉粒、细粉粒和粘粒的比值均与粗粉粒、细粉粒和粘粒组分中有机碳的浓度呈显著正相关关系表明小颗粒(粗粉粒、细粉粒和粘粒)中有机碳的固持和富集促进了大颗粒(砂粒)的形成与稳定。各级颗粒之间,施用有机肥处理的土壤粘粒组分的固碳速率最快,为0.29~0.52 t/(hm~2·a),其次为砂粒[0.30~0.40 t/(hm~2·a)]而粗粉粒和细粉粒的固碳速率基本相当为0.09~0.16t/(hm~2·a)。分析结果还表明土壤总有机碳及各级颗粒有机碳与外源有机碳的输入呈显著正线性相关关系,其中土壤总固碳效率为10.57%而各级颗粒之间,粘粒和砂粒组分的固碳效率(4.25%和3.60%)相当于粗粉粒和细粉粒(1.73%和1.00%)的2倍以上。【结论】南方红壤各级颗粒中有机碳均没有出现饱和现象,有机碳主要在土壤粘粒和砂粒组分中富集,细颗粒中有机碳的富集会促进大粒径土壤颗粒的形成而粘粒是土壤固碳效率最重要的矿物颗粒组成部分。表明长期配施有机肥不仅是红壤有机质提升的重要措施,也是改善红壤结构的重要途径。 相似文献
15.
长期施肥下新疆灰漠土有机碳及作物产量演变 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为明确长期不同施肥下新疆灰漠土有机碳和作物产量演变特征,依托始于1990年的灰漠土肥力长期定位监测试验,选择对照(CK,不施肥)、施氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)、氮磷钾配合常量有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷钾配合高量有机肥(h NPKM,有机肥施用量为NPKM的2倍)、氮磷钾配合秸秆还田(NPKS)6个处理,分析不同处理下土壤有机碳和小麦、玉米产量演变特征,探讨碳投入及有机碳与作物产量的关系。结果表明:1)长期耗竭种植(CK)、连续施用NP或NPK肥,灰漠土有机碳含量持续下降,年均下降速率分别为0.094 g·kg~(-1)、0.043 g·kg~(-1)和0.053 g·kg~(-1),表明施化肥(NP、NPK)不能维持土壤有机碳含量,不利于土壤肥力的保持。NPKM和h NPKM处理,土壤有机碳显著增加,年均增加0.360 g·kg~(-1)和0.575 g·kg~(-1),增施有机肥是快速提高灰漠土肥力的重要措施。秸秆还田处理(NKPS),土壤有机碳年均增幅0.006 g·kg~(-1),与NPK处理对比,秸秆还田虽没有大幅度提高土壤有机碳,但维持了土壤肥力。2)较CK,长期化肥有机肥配施(NPKM、h NPKM)显著增加了作物产量(P0.05)。与NP和NPK比较,长期化肥有机肥配施显著提高了小麦产量(P0.05),但玉米产量与施化肥处理差异不显著(P0.05),玉米产量以平衡施肥(NPK)的增幅最高,达到220 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。小麦的产量变异系数(29.1%~43.9%)高于玉米产量变异(19.0%~32.7%)。化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)处理的小麦增产幅度与高量施用有机肥(h NPKM)处理接近,喻示了秸秆还田对作物增产的作用不可忽视。3)碳投入与土壤有机碳和小麦、玉米产量有显著线性正相关(P0.05)。基于以上分析,在干旱区灰漠土增加土壤碳投入(有机肥或秸秆)仍然是最基本的土壤培肥措施。 相似文献
16.
不同施肥模式对南方黄泥田耕层有机碳固存及生产力的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
【目的】探讨南方丘陵黄泥田不同施肥对耕层土壤有机碳固存及生产力的影响,促进区域农田固碳减排和作物高产。【方法】基于32年的长期定位试验,研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥+牛粪(NPKM)、化肥+全部稻草还田(NPKS)处理下,历年水稻产量、代表性年份耕层土壤有机碳含量及固碳速率的变化。【结果】NPK、NPKM、NPKS处理下水稻历年平均产量分别较CK高67.1%、88.1%和84.2%,差异显著,且NPKM、NPKS处理与NPK处理间亦具有显著差异。NPK、NPKM与NPKS处理耕层土壤有机碳历年平均含量比CK高8.9%~36.8%其中NPKM最高且亦显著高于NPKS与NPK处理。与初始土壤相比各处理有机碳含量增加1.84~5.26g/kg。以每10年为评价周期,NPKM、NPKS处理的固碳速率与CK及NPK差异均显著,其中双季稻年份NPKM与NPKS处理固碳速率分别是CK的2.38倍和1.98倍,是NPK处理的1.59倍与1.32倍但NPK处理与CK间差异不显著。稻田系统年均有机碳输入与有机碳固存间存在极显著幂函数关系,施肥土壤有机碳含量变化与籽粒产量变化间亦呈极显著正相关。【结论】南方黄泥田化肥配施有机肥或配合秸秆还田较单施化肥稳步提升水稻产量。长期不施肥土壤有机碳仍可维持低幅度增长,随着土壤有机碳含量升高,固碳效率逐步降低。化肥配施有机肥或配合秸秆还田较单施化肥明显提高了土壤的固碳速率二者均是提高黄泥田生产力与固碳能力的双赢措施。 相似文献
17.
长期不同施肥处理红壤旱地剖面养分分布差异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
18.
不同施肥管理对红壤性水稻土有机碳、氮形态的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
HUANG Qian-Ru HU Feng HUANG Shan LI Hui-Xin YUAN Ying-Hong PAN Gen-Xing ZHANG Wei-Jian 《土壤圈》2009,19(6):727-734
A long-term experiment beginning in 1981 in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province, subtropical China, was conducted in a paddy field under a double rice cropping system with four different fertilization regimes, including 1) no fertilizer as control (CK), 2) balanced chemical N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK), 3) organic manure using milk vetch and pig manure in the early and late rice growing season, respectively (OM), and 4) balanced chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure (NPKM). Samples (0-17 cm) of the paddy field soil, which was derived from Quaternary red clay, were collected after the late rice harvest in November 2003 for determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) and fractions of organic C and N. Results showed that TOC and TN in the NPKM and OM treatments were significantly higher than those in other two treatments (CK and NPK). Application of organic manure with or without chemical fertilizers significantly increased the contents of all fractions of organic C and N, whereas chemical fertilizer application only increased the contents of occluded particulate organic C (oPOC) and amino acid N. In addition, application of organic manure significantly enhanced the proportions of free particulate organic carbon (fPOC) and oPOC in total C, and those of amino sugar N and amino acid N (P < 0.01) in total N. In contrast, chemical fertilizer application only increased the proportions of oPOC and amino acid N (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in either contents or proportions of soil organic C and organic N fractions between the NPKM and OM treatments. These indicated that organic manure application with or without chemical fertilizers played the most significant role in enhancing soil organic C and N quantity and quality in the paddy field studied. 相似文献
19.
Wang Ping Wang Jidong Zhang Hui Dong Yue Zhang Yongchun 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(2):588-598
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to enlighten the role of highly reactive iron (Fe) minerals in soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation in soil aggregates.
Materials and methodsThe effects of four long-term (37-year) fertilization regimes (NPK, chemical fertilization; NPKM, chemical fertilization + cattle manure; M, cattle manure; CK, non-fertilization control) on organic carbon (OC) stability, soil iron fractions in bulk soil, and soil aggregates were studied to characterize the capacity and mechanism of Fe minerals to preserve SOM in soil.
Results and discussionLong-term fertilization significantly altered the Fe fractions in soil and soil aggregates. The two applications with manure (NPKM and M) increased the non-crystalline Fe content, while the chemical fertilizer (NPK) increased the crystalline Fe content. Besides, long-term fertilization with manure greatly increased the content of SOC and soil total nitrogen (STN). The non-crystalline Fe was positively correlated with the SOC content in both soil and soil aggregates. Meanwhile, the long-term fertilization treatments greatly changed the mass distribution and OC content of soil aggregates.
ConclusionsLong-term manure fertilization promoted the formation of non-crystalline Fe fractions, which bounds to SOC to form soil macro-aggregates. Thus, the formation of SOC-Fe association in soil and soil aggregates plays a crucial role in SOC preservation.
相似文献20.
长期施肥下红壤有机碳及其颗粒组分对不同施肥模式的响应 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
采集不同施肥24年的红壤,采用物理分组的方法,观测了长期不同施肥下红壤有机碳及其组分变化,并结合历史资料分析了不同施肥模式对红壤有机碳及其颗粒组分的影响。结果表明,化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）处理下红壤总有机碳含量（10.33 g/kg）,砂粒（2000～53 m）、细粉粒（5～2 m）和粘粒（2 m）组分中的有机碳含量显著高于其他处理。与不施肥（CK）相比,施用化肥（NPK、2NPK）和有机肥（NPKM、M）显著地提高了红壤有机碳在砂粒和粘粒中的分配比例,而降低了其在粗粉粒和细粉粒的分配比例。施化肥（NPK、2NPK）、单施有机肥（M）、化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）处理,土壤有机碳的平均固定速率分别为0.05 t/(hm2?a)、0.18 t/(hm2?a)、0.26 t/(hm2?a)。相关分析表明,不同施肥模式下红壤有机碳的固定量与碳投入量之间存在着极显著的线性相关关系（R2=0.909, P0.01）,土壤的固碳效率为8.1%;随着碳投入的增加,粗粉粒和细粉粒有机碳储量逐渐下降,而砂粒和粘粒中碳储量逐渐增加,并且粘粒增加速率要远远高于砂粒。以上结果说明,红壤中有机碳还没有达到饱和,还具有一定的固碳潜力,增加的有机碳主要固持在粘粒中,粘粒是红壤有机碳的主要固持组分。 相似文献