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星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)又称星突江鲽,隶属鲽形目,鲽科,鲽亚科,川鲽属。星斑川鲽俗称鹰斑鲽、江鲽、沼鲽、棘鲽、星点石鲽、珍珠鲽、黄金鲽等,是鲽类中的大型鱼种,最近在国外已经成为竞争力非常强的养殖鱼种,是具有极高商业开发价值的比目鱼类。川鲽属仅2种,另外种为欧川鲽(Platichthys flesus)。在网上有人将星斑川鲽与条斑星鲽混淆,星斑川鲽国内自然种群十分罕见,已经成为珍稀品种。2006年我们在山 相似文献
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本研究以线粒体基因细胞色素b (Cytochrome b,Cytb)和细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ(Cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ,COI)为研究对象,探究比较了星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)、石鲽(Kareius bicolorarus)以及杂交F1代(星斑川鲽♀×石鲽♂)的种质遗传特性.结果显示,杂交子代与亲本的碱基(A+T)含量均高于(C+G)含量,且杂交F1代与母本星斑川鲽的(C+G)相同.基于mtDNA Cytb和COI序列结果显示,石鲽与星斑川鲽遗传距离分别为0.085和0.045;杂交F1代与石鲽遗传距离分别为0.076和0.045.基于mtDNA Cytb序列显示,杂交F1代与星斑川鲽遗传距离很小,仅0.009,而两者在COI基因序列上完全一致.基于Kimura 2-parameter模型的NJ分子系统树均显示,星斑川鲽和杂交F1代聚为一支,石鲽单独聚为一支.以上结果均可得出,杂交后代在线粒体DNA上呈现明显的母系遗传.杂交后代中出现左右眼的分化,且在COI的NJ系统树中,杂交F1代与母本星斑川鲽形成的一大支又分为两支:母本星斑川鲽与杂交F1代中外观显示左眼的聚为一支,杂交F1代中外观显示右眼的单独聚为一小支.表明线粒体基因COI与杂交F1代左右眼的分化有一定关系,为进一步研究星斑川鲽♀x石鲽♂提供了参考数据. 相似文献
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星斑川鲽、钝吻黄盖鲽和石鲽是我国北方重要的经济海水鱼类。为探究这3种鲽科鱼类间的亲缘关系及遗传信息,本文采用了PCR扩增和直接测序的技术,对这3种鲽科鱼类各24尾个体的线粒体基因Cytb和COⅠ进行初步研究。测序得到的序列经人工处理校正后分析,其中Cytb基因片段可用长度为358bp,包含58个变异位点,20个转换位点,3个颠换位点;COⅠ基因片段可用长度为559bp,包含变异位点56个,转换位点18个,颠换位点3个;Cytb基因片段和COⅠ基因片段均表明黄盖鲽和石鲽具有较高的单倍型多样性与较低的核苷酸多样性,而星斑川鲽具有较低的单倍型多样性和较低的核苷酸多样性。基于Cytb和COⅠ序列的两种系统发育树(邻接法和不加权对群法)均表明3种鲽科鱼类中星斑川鲽与石鲽亲缘关系更近,与黄盖鲽相对较远。鲽科鱼类物种遗传多样性及遗传结构的分析可以为鱼类的保护和管理提供重要的理论依据,为保障我国鲽科鱼类养殖业的健康可持续发展提供理论指导和科学依据。 相似文献
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星突江鲽和石鲽正反杂交种的形态变异分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对星突江鲽(Platichthys stellatus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)及其正反杂交种的形态特征进行了测定与分析。结果显示,正交种(星突江鲽♀×石鲽♂)和反交种(石鲽♀×星突江鲽♂)左眼型比例分别为66.9%和57.3%,介于星突江鲽(84.7%)和石鲽(0%)之间;正反杂交种体表未见似石鲽的长骨板样结构,在此大致位置处仅分布有星突江鲽体表相似的鳞片;杂交种的背鳍、臀鳍及尾鳍上均有比星突江鲽偏小、颜色偏淡的条纹,但侧线均与母本相似,正交种在胸鳍末端处弯曲,而反交种近似直线形;两杂交种可数性状的杂种指数平均值分别为20.73和20.76,可量性状的杂种指数平均值分别为27.16和26.47。卡方检验和聚类分析结果表明两杂交种的性状总体上偏向于母本;利用判别分析构建了4种鱼的判别公式,综合判别准确率达到97.50%;主成分分析显示,提取的4个主成分对总变异的累积贡献率为82.562%,主成分1对主成分3的散点图显示两杂交种在形态差异上独立于星突江鲽和石鲽。研究表明:星突江鲽与石鲽的正反杂交种在眼睛位置、鳞片和鳍的形态特征上更倾向于星突江鲽,而侧线、可数、可量性状则更多地遗传了母本的形态特征。本研究旨为星突江鲽、石鲽及其正反杂交种的形态判别和亲缘关系鉴定以及杂交选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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渤海鱼类的食性和营养级研究 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
对渤海52种鱼类包括了优势种和常见的研究表明，这些鱼类分属于4种食性类型：腐屑（有机碎屑）食性，有斑ji和梭鱼两种，其营养级各为2.4级，平均亦为2.4级；浮游动物食性，有青鳞鱼、鱼ti、赤鼻标棱ti、黄鲫、刀鲚、凤鲚、细条天竺鱼、沟seng、黑鳃梅童鱼、方氏云wei和银鲳11种，其营养级波动在3.2--3.7级之间，平均为3.5级；底栖生物食性，有孔鳐、多磷xi、棘头梅童鱼、小黄鱼、白姑鱼、黄姑鱼、皮氏叫姑鱼、真鲷、长绵wei、短鳍xiang、矛尾复jia虎鱼、矛尾jia虎鱼、六丝矛尾jia虎鱼，绿鳍鱼、大泷六线鱼、yong、高眼鲽、星鲽、钝吻黄盖鲽、石鲽、半滑舌鳎、焦氏舌鳎、短吻三刺tun、绿鳍马面tun、虫纹东方tun和菊黄东方tun27种，其营养级波动在3.4-4.6级之间，平均为4:1；游泳生物食性，有美鳐、lie、长蛇鲻、海鳗、尖嘴扁颚针鱼、油su、鲈鱼、miang、蓝点马鲛、黑jun、牙鲆和黄angkang12种，其营养级波动在4.4--4.8级之间，平均为4.6级。 相似文献
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以体重为338.32-445.98 g的星突江鲽(Platichthys stellatus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)及其正反杂交种为研究对象,采用国家标准方法对其肌肉的营养成分进行了分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价.结果显示,正交种(星突江鲽♀×石鲽♂)的粗蛋白含量显著高于反交种(石鲽♀×星突江鲽♂)(P＜0.05),与星突江鲽、石鲽差异不显著(P＞0.05);正交种的粗脂肪含量最高,为1.44％,显著高于其他3种鱼(P＜0.05);反交种粗脂肪含量最低,为0.43％,与星突江鲽差异显著(P＜0.05),与石鲽差异不显著(P＞0.05).正交种的水分含量显著低于反交种(P＜0.05),与星突江鲽、石鲽没有显著性差异(P＞0.05),反交种的水分含量最高.4种鱼的灰分含量差异不显著(P＞0.05);正交种的液体、水分、脂质流失率均显著低于星突江鲽和石鲽(P＜0.05),其熟肉率显著高于反交种(P＜0.05).正交种的必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量均明显高于其他3种鱼,且支/芳值接近人体正常水平.4种鱼的必需氨基酸总量均高于FAO/WHO标准,尤其是正交种,还高于鸡蛋蛋白质标准.正交种的氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数也均为最高,而反交种均为最低.研究表明,正交种(星突江鲽♀×石鲽♂)营养价值较高,其肌肉品质更优于星突江鲽和石鲽,在营养物质方面具有一定的杂交优势;反交种(石鲽♀×星突江鲽♂)未表现出明显的杂交优势,这为星突江鲽和石鲽杂交育种性状的选择提供了参考. 相似文献
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为研究中国沿海鲆鲽鱼类的进化关系,利用生物信息学方法,分析了53种中国沿海鲆鲽鱼类以及3种国外沿海鲆鲽鱼的COⅠ基因,采用邻接法(neighbour-joining)和最大似然法(maximum likelihood)构建了系统发生树,并结合形态学特征进行分析。结果与传统的形态学分类基本一致,但也有不同之处:舌鳎科的东方无线鳎(Symphurus orientalis)和多线无线鳎(S.strictus),它们同鳎科聚为一个大的分支;冠鲽科的三斑沙鲽(Samariscus triocellatus)同舌鳎科聚为一支;牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)并没有与牙鲆科的其它鱼类聚为一支,而是同鲽科关系更为密切。 相似文献
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There is considerable interest in rearing Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, for commercial production and for stock enhancement. Both goals depend upon excellent larval nutrition for the production of robust juveniles. The current use of live prey for larviculture is an expensive and time consuming process that can be alleviated by weaning larvae onto dry feed. A study was conducted to assess the potential for early weaning of southern flounder larvae onto a microdiet (MD). In addition, the activity of selected digestive enzymes was measured during ontogeny to evaluate the digestive capabilities of the larvae over time. Pancreatic enzyme activities (U larva− 1) were very low or undetectable at hatching and a marked increase in activity was not observed until the larvae reached 4 mm (~ 11 dph) in standard length for chymotrypsin (24–44,000) and 6 mm (~ 25 dph) for amylase (< 1–24), trypsin (1–18) and bile salt-dependent lipase (0–443). Acid protease activity (~ 1.0) was detected once the larvae were 8.5–9.0 mm (37–39 dph) in length although a sizeable increase in activity (> 10.0) was not observed until after complete metamorphosis (> 11.0 mm; 40–45 dph). Feeding regimes employed for the weaning study consisted of a live feed control (C) and a combination of live feed and MD in which the addition of the MD was initiated on 11 dph and live feed terminated on 17 (T17), 23 (T23) or 29 (T29) dph. At the end of the study (35 dph), mean standard length and the percent of settled fish were significantly greater for fish in the control treatment (8.3 mm; 21.1%) than for fish fed any combination of live prey and MD (6.4 mm; 2.0%). Average survival was 27.7% and no significant differences were noted among treatments. However, the number of fish exhibiting spinal deformities, lordosis, was significantly lower in the control and T29 treatments (1.7%) than the T17 and T23 treatments (25%). The results of this study indicate that southern flounder larvae readily wean onto dry feed prior to the onset of metamorphosis. However, decreased growth and a high incidence of lordosis emphasize the need for the development of a more appropriate MD for this species when digestive enzyme activities are relatively low and gastric digestion is absent. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):147-164
ABSTRACT Over 71% of the aquaculture production of Chile is based on salmonids, and given the recents problems in the world salmon industry, it is necessary to investigate the culture of new species as a vital priority to maintain an industry of great social and economic impact for Chile. Small-eye flounder, Paralichthys microps, and chilean flounder P. adspersus, are native, high-value flatfish present off the coasts of Perú and Chile, that are commonly exploted by artisanal fishermen. Since 1986 both species have been objects of research studies for culture based on techniques developed for Japanese flounder. This paper is a review of current knowledge of this species and to identify research needs for the near future. Natural spawning of small-eye flounder and chilean flounder broodstock in captivity is already possible, but the manipulation of spawning using photoperiod and hormonal inducement, as well as the role of broodstock nutrition in egg and larval quality, needs to be explored. Successful incubation and larval culture protocol for both species have been developed, with larval survival over 24% from certain egg batches. Nutritional characterization and requirements for chilean flounder eggs and larvae during the culture period, optimal temperature, density, light intensity and green-water culture, are all subjects of ongoing research. Efforts to improve early culture protocol continues with emphasis on causes of larval mortality, early use of dry feed, microbial ecology of culture tanks and water quality. Weaning from live to formulated diets has been investigated, demonstrating survival of 30-50%. Presently only about 1-5% of hatchery raised flounder show a pigment disorder. Research on formulated diets and the weaning process are under way to ameliorate these results. Juveniles are being grown experimental in tanks and net pens systems and their performance (growth, survival, health) in both systems is being evaluated. Chilean flounder require approximately 2.8 years to reach 1 kg. Effort is also focusing on improving juvenile growing protocol, including recirculation systems, culture environment and diet formulation. Much future research will be required to attain optimal production of the species, such as species-specific nutritional requirements, optimum stocking density, disease and health management and growing protocols with new systems (shallow raceway). At present there is enough known about chilean flounder to begin a pilot-stage that will be the key for future development of its culture. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):133-142
Abstract Attempts to rear summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, in net pens have suffered from high mortality during the month after fish were transferred from a nursery facility to pens. We investigated whether exposing summer flounder to increased (and constant) current velocity in the nursery stage would condition them for better performance in cages. Three experiments were conducted with different water velocities in tanks, using fish of 124±4 g (exposed to 0, 15, or 30 cm/sec for 60 d), 257±12 g (exposed to 0, 20, or 40 cm/sec for 60 d) and 387±13 g (exposed to 0, 15, or 30 cm/sec for 30 d), in a raceway system with adjustable paddlewheels. For all of the size groups of fish, survival was significantly reduced at the highest current velocity. For both 124-g and 257-g fish, growth in the medium-velocity treatment was significantly better than that in the control (0 cm/sec) treatment, which in turn was better than that in the high-velocity treatment. For 387-g fish, growth at medium velocity was significantly greater than that at high velocity; control fish were lost due to a system malfunction. Food consumption data from the 257-g fish showed that the fish in medium velocity grew most because they consumed significantly more food during the experiment than did fish in the control, which in turn consumed significantly more than fish in high velocity. Similarly, 387-g fish in medium velocity consumed the most food, but the difference was not significant in this case. At the end of the laboratory experiment with 124-g fish, fish from the control and medium-velocity treatments were moved to cages in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, where currents of about 1 knot (approx. 55 cm/second) are routine. After three weeks in the cages, no significant differences in survival were observed (control = 83±12%; medium velocity = 81±2%). Subsequent damage to some of the cages and escapement of the fish precluded further statistical analysis of survival, as well as any growth measurements. At the end of the laboratory experiment with 387-g fish, fish from medium- and high-velocity treatments were moved to the cages; however, survival in this case was very low (<10% in all cages), perhaps due to heavy waves from an offshore hurricane. We conclude that current velocities of 15-20 cm/second in the nursery improve growth of juvenile summer flounder, that current velocities of 30-40 cm/second are excessive, but that increased current velocity in the nursery does not improve fish survival upon transfer to cages. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):21-33
ABSTRACT Egg hatch, larval growth, and metamorphosis of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, were examined at 13, 17, 21, and 25°C in laboratory experiments. The experiments were separated into four developmental phases: (1) from fertilization until hatch; (2) from hatch until mouth opening; (3) from first feeding until the onset of metamorphosis; (4) from the onset until the completion of metamorphosis. Time to egg hatch were 109, 58, 39, 30 hours at 13, 17, 21, and 25°C, respectively. Size at hatch varied little among temperatures, while percent hatch was significantly higher at 17°C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in total length at mouth opening among temperatures (P > 0.05). However, those larvae raised at higher temperatures reached mouth opening earlier, as it took on average 7.4, 3.9, 2.8, and 2.2 days from hatch at 13, 17, 21, and 25°C, respectively. During phase three, the growth rate was optimal at 17°C, as growth rates were 0.046, 0.110, 0.106 and 0.096 mm/day at 13, 17, 21, and 25°C, respectively. Larvae in phase four completed metamorphosis sooner at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. It took 26.4, 15.7, and 13.1 days to complete metamorphosis at 17, 21, and 25°C, respectively, while only 16% of those at 13 progressed to stage “G” within the 27 days that phase four encompassed. No difference in total length was found among treatments (P > 0.05) at the completion of metamorphosis, but fish in the 21 °C treatment had a significantly higher survival (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that southern flounder could be produced in the highest quantity and at the largest size by raising them at 17°C from fertilization until the onset of metamorphosis, and at 21 °C during metamorphosis. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary genistein administration on growth,survival and sex determination in southern flounder,Paralichthys lethostigma 
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下载免费PDF全文 Matthew A DiMaggio Linas W Kenter Timothy S Breton David L Berlinsky 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(1):82-90
The inclusion of soybean meal and soy concentrates in finfish feeds may introduce endocrine disrupting compounds in the form of phytoestrogens. Genistein, which may dually act as an oestrogen receptor agonist/antagonist, has been shown to elicit both masculinizing and feminizing effects in several teleost species. The objective of this investigation was to examine the effects of dietary genistein administration on reproductive development, growth and survival in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). Southern flounder received one of three experimental diets which contained varying concentrations of genistein (control – 0, low dose –100 and high dose –1000 mg genistein kg?1 feed) from 84 to 153 days post hatch (DPH). Fish remained in culture until 285 DPH at which time sex ratios were determined. Growth and survival were evaluated at 153 and 285 DPH. Greater numbers of female fish resulted from the low and high dose genistein treatments (98 ± 2% and 78 ± 12% respectively), as compared to the control group (21 ± 10%). Reduced growth at 153 DPH and poor survival (28%) at 285 DPH were also observed for the high dose genistein treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate the feminizing effects of genistein in southern flounder, but reduced growth and survival with high dietary administration. 相似文献
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A two (dietary energy levels; low energy, LE and high energy, HE) × 4 (feeding frequency; one feeding in 2 days, one feeding daily, two times daily and three times daily) factorial experiment was performed to determine the effects of dietary energy level and/or feeding frequency on the growth and body composition of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The survival rate was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain of fish fed the LE and HE diets significantly increased as feeding frequency increased. The weight gain of fish fed the LE diet was higher at each level of increasing feeding frequency. The weight gain of fish fed the HE diet was higher than that of fish fed the LE diet once in 2 days and once daily, but weight gain of fish fed the HE diet was lower than the LE diet three times daily. Daily feed intake was significantly influenced by feeding frequency, but not by dietary energy level. Feed efficiency of fish fed the HE diet once daily was significantly higher than that of fish fed the LE diet once in 2 days, but no significant difference in feed efficiency was observed among other groups of fish. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the LE diet once in 2 days was the lowest. Feeding frequency and dietary energy level had a significant effect on the body lipid content. A feeding frequency of two times or three times daily would be effective, depending on dietary energy level for maximum growth of juvenile flounder grown from 3.5 to 15 g. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):113-133
ABSTRACT A detailed spawning and larval rearing protocol for the production of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is presented. The protocol is based on the results of spawning, larval culture and fingerling production trials with the southern flounder, which were completed during 1998 and 1999. Seventy-six brood fish (0.1-3.8 kg) were collected from the wild, acclimated to captivity, and stocked in matura tion tanks. Sex ratio (male:female) was 1.1:1. Males (0.1-1.0 kg; mean = 0.5 kg±0.30 SD) were significantly smaller (P > 000.1) than females (0.5-3.8 kg; mean =1.8 kg±0.75 SD). Spermatogenesis was achieved using temperature manipulation during a 3-month period. Vitellogenesis was nearly completed when most females were caught, and final ovulation was accomplished using gonadotropin releasing hormone-analogue (GnRH-a) implants and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Eggs were obtained from both tank and strip spawnings. At 24-26°C, fertilized eggs hatched within 24-28 hours. Weaning to artificial diets was completed after 5 weeks, when metamorphosis was completed. Epizootics of Vibriosis and Amyloodinium ocellatum caused massive mortalities. Average survival rate from eggs to fully metamorphosed fingerlings was 30%, ranging from 5-40%. A total of 14,562 juveniles measuring 5 cm were produced in these experimental trials. Approximately 25% of the fingerlings exhibited pigment abnormalities known as hypomelanosis or pseudo-albinism on the dark side and hypermelanosis or ambicoloration on the blind side. Reversed asymmetry was observed in 5% of the fingerlings and a few individuals (0.02%) exhibited no ocular migration at all. A large size variation was observed during early larval development stages, with larger individuals growing faster through post-larval, juvenile, and adult stages. Results suggest that hatchery production of southern flounder fingerlings should rely on early culling of runts. 相似文献
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Mature Brazilian flounders Paralichthys orbignyanus were captured in coastal southern Brazil and their reproduction in captivity was studied. Brazilian flounder will spawn naturally in captivity when the water temperature is around 23 °C and 14 h of light is provided daily. Females were induced for ovulation and hand stripping using human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue or carp pituitary extract. There was no need to inject males, as running milt was observed during the spawning season. Fertilization and hatching rates were above 80% independent of the hormone used. Notochord length at hatching was 2.18±0.07 mm for larvae hatching from naturally spawned eggs. Larvae were reared in salt water (30–35 g L?1) at 24 °C and under continuous illumination. Larviculture was with green water (Tetraselmis tetrathele 50 × 104 cells mL?1). Rotifers (10–20 ind mL?1) were offered as first food 3 days after hatching and gradually replaced by Artemia nauplii (0.5–10 ind mL?1). Larvae settled to the bottom 20 days after hatching and completed metamorphosis within a week after that. The total length for newly metamorphosed juveniles was 12.9±2.2 mm and the mean survival was 44.8%. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing Brazilian flounder fingerlings for stock enhancement or grow‐out purposes. 相似文献
19.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):165-175
ABSTRACT Aquaculture of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, started in the middle 1970s in Japan, and the commercial production became extensive in the early 1980s, with development of seedling production and farming techniques. Annual production in 1996 was 7,692 metric tons, ranked fourth among marine cultured finfish after yellow-tail, red sea bream, and coho salmon. Marine finfish aquaculture in Japan is mostly conducted in floating net cages; however, land-based culture tanks are the prevalent culture system for Japanese flounder. The tanks are circular, square, or octagonal and constructed of various materials: concrete, plastic and/or a combination of the two. Culture tanks are generally inside or covered with shade cloths. Sand-filtered sea water is continually supplied to each tank, with 12 to 24 exchanges daily. Three-gram fish are stocked in the culture tank and raised for 1 to 2 years until they grow to 500-1,000 g. Survival ranges from 60 to 80%. Sardines and sand lance, fresh or frozen, are mainly fed; however, use of moist or dry pellets are increasing recently because of the decline in catch of these fishes. Fingerlings are obtained from commercial hatcheries virtually year-round. The fish utilize almost no dietary carbohydrate as an energy source, and an increase of lipid in the diet did not improve the growth, although it did seem to produce a slight increase in protein efficiency ratio. Therefore, diet for Japanese flounder should contain high percentages of protein (fish meal). Finding alternative protein sources for fish meal in the diet has been researched, and the potential of defatted soybean, corn gluten, feather, meat, and meat bone meals have been examined. The optimum temperature for the growth is 20-25°C. Salinity range of 4.4 to 34.0 ppt did not affect the growth of Japanese flounder at 8 g initial body weight. 相似文献