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Sturgill TL Strong D Rashid C Betancourt A Horohov DW 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(1-2):124-127
Production of the Th1 cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) is associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens, including Rhodococcus equi. While neonatal foals are initially deficient in IFNγ production, expression of this cytokine increases throughout their first year of life. This is presumably the result of stimulation by environmental antigens including pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) signaling through toll-like receptors (TLR). This increased expression of IFNγ is likewise associated with an age-related resistance to R. equi infection. While immunostimulants containing PAMPS have been administered to adult horses in an attempt to modify their immune response, the effect of these materials on IFNγ expression in foals is unknown. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of administering a commercial immunomostimulant EqStim? (Propionibacterium acnes) on IFNγ production measured using intracellular staining (IFNγ) and RT-PCR. 相似文献
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Bobbert MF Santamaría S van Weeren PR Back W Barneveld A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(2):212-221
The purpose of this study was to quantify performance characteristics of good jumping horses, and to determine whether these were already detectable at foal age. Kinematic data were collected of horses performing free jumps over a 0.60 m high fence at six months of age and of these same horses jumping with a rider over a 1.15 m high fence at five years of age. At five years of age the horses were divided into three groups on the basis of a puissance competition: a group of seven best jumpers that made no errors and in the end cleared a 1.50 m high fence, a group of nine worst jumpers that were unable to clear a 1.40 m high fence, and an intermediate group of 13 horses. Longitudinal kinematic data was available for all seven best jumpers and for six of the nine worst jumpers. Average values of variables for the best jumpers were compared with those of the worst jumpers for the jumps over 1.15 m. In the group of best jumpers, the forelimbs were shorter at forelimb clearance due to increased elbow flexion, and the hind limbs were further retroflexed at hind limb clearance. The same superior technique in clearing fences with the limbs was also found in this group at six months of age. Nevertheless, for individual horses it turned out to be too far-fetched to predict adult jumping capacity on the basis of kinematic variables collected during submaximal jumps at foal age. 相似文献
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Isabela Campos Barbara Batista Ana Carina Matos Fernanda Dutra Gustavo Gomes Aline Pinna Juliana Leite Ana Ferreira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(4):438-441
The amnion is a layer of the foetal membrane that has mechanical protection function and allows expansion and growth. The diseases that affect amnion have rarely been reported in horses. Amnionitis and funiculitis have been implicated as components of abortions as observed in abortions caused by the mare reproductive loss syndrome. Here, we report an abortion at 240-day gestation of a 7-year-old Anglo-Arabian mare with a history of previous stillbirth. Blood samples from both mare and foetus were collected for serological testing. Fragments from the placenta were taken for macroscopic and histopathological examinations. The results of these tests ruled out leptospirosis and concluded that the cause of the abortion was non-infectious chronic amnionitis. Moreover, the decreased vascularization in the placenta was consistent with placental insufficiency. This case highlights the importance of monthly ultrasound monitoring in equine pregnancy in order to diagnose placental insufficiency. The study also confirmed the efficiency of the histopathological examination for the definitive diagnosis of placental inflammation and for the study of foetal vascularization to rule out placental insufficiency in equine reproduction. 相似文献
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Valerie S.M. Jonckheer-Sheehy Catherine J. Delesalle Antoon Jan M. van den Belt Robin van den Boom 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(6):380-385
Behavior problems in horses are often thought to be due to the horse’s bad attitude, which commonly results in them being punished. However, when these cases are carefully worked up, there may be an underlying physical problem, and pain may play an important role. A 5-year-old Dutch Warmblood mare was presented for rearing and flipping over backward. The mare had been repeatedly examined by an equine veterinarian and a nonveterinarian equine dentist who found no abnormalities. Several different bits were tried, and side reins were used to keep her head down. The mare was whipped every time she reared. None of these measures helped. On presentation to our equine teaching hospital, no abnormalities were detected on routine physical examination. The behavior was observed when the mare was lunged; as soon as a small amount of tension was put on the lunge rein, the mare shook her head horizontally for approximately 1-2 seconds, reared, and flipped over onto her back. Neurological examination revealed that the mare was slow to resume a normal stance when her hind legs were placed in an abnormal position. Dental examination and endoscopy of the upper airways proved unremarkable. Radiography of the atlanto-occipital joint area revealed fractures of the first and second cervical vertebrae and fracture fragments, which are both suggestive for the presence of cervical instability and the possible presence of spinal cord compression. These suggestions were further supported by identification of delayed postural reflexes during neurological examination. The mare was deemed unfit for dressage and was successfully kept for breeding. Horses are frequently punished for “bad behavior.” These behaviors are frequently due to underlying physical problems and not a “nasty” horse. This case highlights the importance of careful history taking and a thorough veterinary examination with the use of further diagnostics (if necessary) when dealing with equine behavior problems. 相似文献
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Steroid hormone receptors ERα and PR characterised by immunohistochemistry in the mare adrenal gland
Ylva Hedberg Alm Sayamon Sukjumlong Hans Kindahl Anne-Marie Dalin 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):31
Background
Sex steroid hormone receptors have been identified in the adrenal gland of rat, sheep and rhesus monkey, indicating a direct effect of sex steroids on adrenal gland function.Methods
In the present study, immunohistochemistry using two different mouse monoclonal antibodies was employed to determine the presence of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the mare adrenal gland. Adrenal glands from intact (n = 5) and ovariectomised (OVX) (n = 5) mares, as well as uterine tissue (n = 9), were collected after euthanasia. Three of the OVX mares were treated with a single intramuscular injection of oestradiol benzoate (2.5 mg) 18 – 22 hours prior to euthanasia and tissue collection (OVX+Oe). Uterine tissue was used as a positive control and showed positive staining for both ERalpha and PR.Results
ERalpha staining was detected in the adrenal zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis of all mare groups. Ovariectomy increased cortical ERalpha staining intensity. In OVX mares and one intact mare, positive ERalpha staining was also detected in adrenal medullary cells. PR staining of weak intensity was present in a low proportion of cells in the zona fasciculata and reticularis of all mare groups. Weak PR staining was also found in a high proportion of adrenal medullary cells. In contrast to staining in the adrenal cortex, which was always located within the cell nuclei, medullary staining for both ERalpha and PR was observed only in the cell cytoplasm.Conclusion
The present results show the presence of ERalpha in the adrenal cortex, indicating oestradiol may have a direct effect on mare adrenal function. However, further studies are needed to confirm the presence of PR as staining in the present study was only weak and/or minor. Also, any possible effect of oestradiol treatment on the levels of steroid receptors cannot be determined by the present study, as treatment time was of a too short duration. 相似文献11.
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A 13‐year‐old miniature horse mare presented for evaluation of ascites. Abdominal ultrasound showed severe free peritoneal fluid accumulation as well as a caudal abdominal mass. The peritoneal fluid was characterised as a transudate with no evidence of sepsis. Surgical exploration of the abdomen was performed; copious free peritoneal fluid and a large right ovarian mass were discovered. The abnormal ovary was removed, and the mass was determined histologically to be a benign granulosa theca‐cell tumour. Although there was mild peritoneal fluid accumulation in the immediate post operative period, the ascites effectively resolved with removal of the tumour, and the mare returned to a normal lifestyle. This is similar to reports of Meigs' syndrome in human women, in which a benign ovarian mass of significant size causes ascites that resolves once the mass is removed. 相似文献
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After domestication of wild yak and utilization of its frozen semen was successful in 1983, frozen semen of wild yak was used to improve domestic yak and local yellow cattle by artificial insemination(AI). Hybrid vigor of their F1 was obvious, i. e. , productive performance of F1 was significantly increased. Their offspring did not only have significant heterosis in performance but also can rejuvenate effectively their adaptability and survival, and can use alpine grassland more efficiently. This resulted in significant social and economic benefits.Compared with dairy cattle, beef cattle and yellow cattle, AI of yak was more difficult. Using AI to improve yak performance was difficult and significant in yak production areas of our country. It is necessary to invest more technique and fund to extend AI. 相似文献
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R. G. Board 《British poultry science》1975,16(1):89-91
1. Open pores were a notable feature of the shell of hens' eggs which were naturally devoid of cuticle.
2. In contrast with normal eggs, the surface of the cuticle‐less shell was irregularly contoured and, in many instances, deeply fissured. 相似文献
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N. F. G. Rethman 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(1):86-92
In a series of investigations from 1965 to 1970 on the Transvaal Highveld it was found that trie elevation of shoot apices of two ecotypes of Themeda triandra was affected by season, ecotype and treatment. The absence of defoliation increased the susceptibility of the ecotypes to defoliation, whereas the shorter the defoliation the greater the subsequent resistance to grazing. The most important finding was that general application of earlier research findings from Natal was not possible in this case. 相似文献
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The effects of mixed soda saline-alkali (NaHCO3:Na2CO3=9:1) at different concentrations (10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) on the germination of five Longmu alfalfa seeds were studied. The results showed that the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,dry weight,fresh weight,water content,embryo length,radicle length of alfalfa seeds showed different trends under different mixed soda saline-alkali concentrations. Through principal component analysis of nine indicators,GR,GP,GI,VI,FW,WC and EL indicators were screened out to be related to salt and alkali tolerance of Longmu alfalfa varieties. According to the analysis of membership function,weight coefficient and D value of comprehensive evaluation,the salt and alkali tolerance of five longmu alfalfa varieties were in the order of LM 807 > LM 808 > LM 806 > LM 803 > LM 801. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved. 相似文献