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《中国蜂业》2020,(8)
为了探明欧洲熊蜂蜂王体重和日龄与蜂王交配成功率的关系,本实验按照雌雄比1∶2在人工交配笼中投放欧洲熊蜂蜂王和雄性蜂,观察3d、4d、5d、6d、7d的处女王与性成熟雄性蜂交配率,同时分析不同体重对熊蜂蜂王交配率的影响。结果表明,不同出房日龄熊蜂蜂王交配前的潜伏时间不同(以蜂王进入交配笼到开始与雄性蜂交配为潜伏时间,此阶段称为潜伏期),出房3d潜伏时间为31.25min,出房7d为10.55min,潜伏时间随蜂王日龄的增加而减少,但交配持续时间无明显差异。交配率随蜂王日龄的增加而明显升高,且差异显著(P0.05),出房3d交配率为24.44%,4d为28.89%,5d为40%,6d为57.78%,7d为71.11%。此外,试验表明,体重大的蜂王交配成功率越高,潜伏时间越短,但蜂王是否能够成功交配与其交配前后体重变化之间无显著相关性。由此可知,不同日龄的处女王和性成熟雄性蜂交配过程中,蜂王交配成功率随日龄增加而增高,而潜伏时间逐渐缩短。交配过程中雄性蜂具有性选择的交配行为,雄性蜂更倾向与体重大的蜂王交配。 相似文献
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为了更好地开发和利用小峰熊蜂,试验以采自河北雾灵山地区小峰熊蜂野生蜂王与人工繁育子代蜂王为研究对象,通过观测2种蜂王的死亡率、产卵率、成群率、开始产卵日、蜂王寿命及蜂群始见工蜂日、始见雄蜂日、始见新生蜂王日、100只工蜂日、3个月后的工蜂数、3个月后的雄蜂数、新生蜂王数及新生蜂王交尾率等指标,研究野生与人工繁育的小峰熊蜂的蜂王和蜂群发育特征。结果表明:野生蜂王与子代蜂王的产卵率、成群率、开始产卵日及始见工蜂日、始见雄蜂日、始见新生蜂王日和100只工蜂日相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但子代蜂王的死亡率及新生蜂王交尾率较野生蜂王高,子代蜂王的寿命较野生蜂王短,子代蜂王的新生蜂王数较野生蜂王数少。说明现阶段小峰熊蜂人工室内繁育的蜂王所繁育的蜂群完全可以替代野生蜂王繁育的蜂群,但人工繁育的子代蜂王与野生蜂王及其蜂群的发育特征存在一定差异,这主要由它们的质量不同造成的。 相似文献
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试验测定和分析了Bombus pyrosoma、B.terrestris、B.patagiatus和B.lucorum 4种熊蜂蜂王初生重和三型蜂的喙长,结果表明:4种熊蜂的蜂王喙长与初生重均存在高度正相关性,各回归方程的相关系数均达极显著.同种熊蜂三型蜂间,蜂王喙长明显长于工蜂和雄蜂的喙长,除B.pyrosoma工蜂喙长明显长于雄蜂的喙长外,其他三个熊蜂种的工蜂与雄蜂喙长相等.同型蜂4种熊蜂间,B.pyrosoma和B.terrestris蜂王初生重和工蜂喙长分别相等,蜂王喙长和雄蜂喙长均不等,B.patagiatus和B.lucorum的蜂王初生重和三型蜂喙长分别相等,但前两者蜂王初生重明显重于后两者的,三型蜂喙长分别长于后两者的. 相似文献
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第一部分 交配行为蜂王交配的习性非常惊人 ,危险性强 ,且效率不高。因为蜂王和雄蜂在空中交配 ,交尾的地方离蜂巢很远。这很可能使蜂王受到伤害 ,损失了蜂王。对雄蜂来说 ,交配是悲惨的 ,但交配是雄蜂唯一的作用 ,雄蜂一生只能交配一次 ,交配后 ,它生殖器官的一部分即被蜂王带走 ,作为蜂王交配的标志 ,雄蜂便死亡。蜂王与多只雄蜂交尾 ,但得到的精液很少 ,多数遗失了。可是蜂王贮精囊中存有每个交配雄蜂的精子 ,它们的交配习性有利于杂交 ,保持了蜜蜂遗传的多样性 ,加强了蜂群的适应性。交配成功后数日 ,蜂王便开始产卵 ,不再交配。为了保… 相似文献
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一、精子的贮藏和利用蜂王通常在受精囊中贮藏 5～ 6百万个精子。蜂王若和 1 0～ 2 0个雄蜂交配 ,可在她输卵管内搜集2亿个精子 ,但是 90 %的精液排出体外。每个雄蜂可生产 1 0 0 0万精子 ,超过了一只蜂王的贮精子量。蜂王交配行为乍看是一种浪费 ,她从许多不同雄蜂身上得到了精液 ,效益确实是很高的。虽然进入受精囊的精液只是一小部分 ,但是许多交配雄蜂为蜂王提供了精子。考虑到各个雄蜂产生的精子是不一样的 ,这样就使蜂群内的工蜂后裔产生很大的变异。Tarpy等报道有 80 %的蜂王和 5个雄蜂交配 ;有 5 4%的蜂王和 1 0个雄蜂交配。雄蜂的… 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664