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1.
利用“Asomonori与IR24”的置换系群体,对水稻的粒长、粒宽、粒型（粒长,粒宽）、粒厚和千粒重等5个性状在CO2浓度分别为370μmol／mol（简写为Ambient）和570μmol／mol[FACE（Free Air CO2 Enrichment）]的条件下进行了QTL分析。在FACE下,共检测到分布在6条染色体上的18个QTL,其贡献率差异较大,在9．2％～42．2％之间,其中有17个QTL的贡献率超过15％,分别是控制千粒重的1个QTL、粒长的10个QTL、粒宽的1个QTL、粒型3个QTL和粒厚的2个QTL;在Ambient下共检测到分布在5条染色体上的9个QTL,其贡献率在9．4％-30．0％之间,其中控制粒长的1个QTL、粒宽的2个QTL和粒型3个QTL的贡献率超过15％。两CO2浓度下能重复检出的QTL共3个,其它只能在1个环境中检测到。与Ambient下的QTL结果相比,FACE对粒形及粒重的影响较大,可以增加微效基因的数量,同时还可增加主效基因的贡献率。  相似文献   

2.
利用重组自交系研究表明,在水稻第6染色体短臂上稻瘟病抗性基因Pi25(t)与控制结实率和每穗实粒数的QTL之间存在遗传累赘。为了验证这种关系,采用了更大的遗传群体进行分析,结果表明稻瘟病抗性与结实率存在遗传累赘,但未检测到稻瘟病抗性与每穗实粒数存在遗传累赘。通过对第7染色体长臂RM2-RM214区间抽穗期基因（qHD 7）型背景进行选择,可以打破或避免稻瘟病抗性与结实率的遗传累赘。为了进一步验证这种关系,选择Pi25(t)区间基因型不同、RM2-RM214区间基因型相同、其他染色体区间基本一致的两个株系发展新群体进行分析,除第6染色体的结实率QTL可以分解成2个效应较小的QTL（qSF 6 1和qSF 6 2）外,当第7染色体RM2-RM214区间基因型为中156背景时,Pi25(t)与结实率QTL（qSF 6 2）存在遗传累赘,且qSF 6 2来自父本谷梅2号的等位基因起减效作用;当第7染色体RM2-RM214区间基因型为谷梅2号背景时,第6染色体上没有检测到结实率QTL。上述结果说明在特定育种材料中对抽穗期基因进行选择可以成功打破或避免稻瘟病抗性与结实率的遗传累赘,为水稻以及其他作物的高产抗病育种提供了一种新途径。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】水稻的抽穗期是决定水稻产量及其适用性的重要农艺性状之一,是由多基因控制的数量性状。染色体片段代换系减少了个体间遗传背景的干扰,已经成为定位和克隆复杂性状QTL的重要材料。【方法】本研究以9311为受体,日本晴为供体构建的128个重测序的染色体片段代换系群体为试验材料,利用多元回归,结合Bin-map图谱,【结果】鉴定到6个在南京、扬州不同年份间稳定表达的抽穗期QTL,其中,qHD2.1被定位在第2染色体上的759 848 bp区间内;qHD2.2被定位在第2染色体上的45 286 bp区间内;qHD 3.1被定位在第3染色体上的147 931 bp区间内;qHD5.1被定位在第5染色体上的213 351 bp区间内;qHD5.2被定位在第5染色体上的442 305 bp区间内;qHD8.1被定位在第8染色体上的538 176 bp区间内。【结论】本研究为精细定位并克隆相应QTL,进而探明抽穗期QTL的分子调控机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
粳稻发芽期耐碱性的QTL检测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
 以粳粳交高产106/长白9号的200个F2:3株系为作图群体,在0.15% Na2CO3溶液碱胁迫下,进行了水稻发芽率及其相对碱害率的鉴定评价,并以SSR标记构建的分子连锁图谱为基础,对水稻发芽率及其相对碱害率进行了数量性状基因座(QTL)检测。结果表明,在F3株系群中水稻发芽率及其相对碱害率均呈单峰接近正态的连续分布。共检测到碱胁迫下与水稻发芽率相关的QTL 7个,对表型变异的贡献率范围为4.05%～12.61%,其中位于第6染色体RM225-RM204区间的qGC 6和位于第9染色体RM219-RM3700区间的qGC 9对表型变异的贡献率分别为12.61%和10.85%。共检测到与水稻发芽率相对碱害率相关的QTL 6个,对表型变异的贡献率为4.82%～28.07%,其中位于第2染色体RM29-RM221区间的qRGC 2、位于第6染色体RM225-RM204区间的qRGC 6 1、位于第9染色体RM219-RM3700区间的qRGC 9和位于第12染色体RM260-RM3226区间的qRGC 12对表型变异的贡献率较大,分别为28.07％、15.35％、15.61％和18.91％,为主效QTL,但其相应的区间距离均较远,需要进一步深入研究。所检测的QTL增效等位基因主要表现为部分显性和超显性。  相似文献   

5.
水稻籼粳交DH群体中影响白背飞虱抗虫性QTL的检测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
分析了水稻籼粳交加倍单倍体(DH)群体中影响白背飞虱抗虫性和感虫性的QTL.虽然DH株系的亲本窄叶青8号和京系17没有拒取食抗性,但是白背飞虱在6个DH株系中的取食受到了强烈的抑制,可能属超亲分离.在第3染色体的粳型片段中检测到1个影响蜜露分泌的微效QTL.粳稻亲本京系17具有杀卵抗性.DH株系中的杀卵特性是通过叶鞘上杀卵反应产生的坏死症状表现的.在DH株系分蘖早期和中期,将4个杀卵作用的QTL定位在第1、2、6和8染色体的粳型片段上.出现在分蘖中期的另一个QTL被定位在第9染色体的籼型片段上.在分蘖盛期至孕穗期,杀卵位点减少至2个.整个试验期间对每个DH株系的最高杀卵级别的分析显示,在染色体2、6和9上共有4个QTL.两个主效QTL位于近邻第6染色体的粳型片段.在第1、3和5染色体上检测到3个影响第2代白背飞虱若虫密度的QTL.第3染色体上起主要作用的QTL源自粳稻亲本;第5染色体上的微效QTL源自籼稻亲本.两个白背飞虱为害的QTL位于第8和第10染色体的籼型片段,另一个QTL位于第3染色体的粳型片段.这些QTL被认为与水稻品种对白背飞虱田间抗性表达有关.  相似文献   

6.
水稻耐热性的QTL定位及耐热性与光合速率的相关性   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21  
应用典型的籼粳交组合IR64×Azucena花药培养的DH群体及其已构建的分子连锁图谱,在田间及温室高温条件下对该DH群体的结实性状进行考查,采用QTLmapper 1.0软件检测控制结实率的加性和上位性效应的QTL。在第1、3、4、8和11等5条染色体上,共检测到6个具有加性效应的QTL,其中位于第1、3染色体的2个加性效应QTL来自父本Azucena的等位基因,它们是耐热的QTL,能分别提高结实率9.50和6.46个百分点,其贡献率分别为19.15%和2.86%;位于其余3条染色体的4个加性效应的QTL来自母本IR64的等位基因,它能提高结实率4.33~10.37个百分点,在第1、2、3、4、5、7、8、11等8条染色体之间还检测到8对加性×加性上位性效应,其贡献率为2.27%~8.13%。同时还对水稻分蘖盛期和抽穗期进行了光合速率的测定,发现抽穗期剑叶光合速率与耐热性呈显著的正相关。  相似文献   

7.
水稻抗白叶枯病微效QTL的定位分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
以不携有抗白叶枯病主效基因的中感籼粳双亲(窄叶青8号和京系17）及其花培DH群体为材料,接种白叶枯病菌浙9612后,考察了该DH群体的白叶枯病抗性,并进行了数量性状座位（QTL）分析。共检测到控制白叶枯病的4个QTL,分别位于第3、4、5和6染色体上,其中第3和第4染色体上的qBBR-3和qBBR-4,其加性效应为正值;而位于第5和第6染色体上的为负值,4个QTL的总效应是38.6%。方差分析和差异显著性比较表明,具有4个QTL抗性等位基因水稻株系的白叶枯病抗性与不含QTL抗性等位基因的株系相比,差异达极显著水平（P<0.01)。说明通过微效基因的聚合可以获得对白叶枯病的一定抗性。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】挖掘水稻抽穗期和产量相关性状新基因,并筛选携带有利等位基因的优良株系,为分子标记辅助育种提供新基因和优异种质。【方法】以多亲本重组自交系群体MAGIC-Hei群体为材料,分别于2017和2018年连续两年种植于湖南长沙开展抽穗期和产量性状表型调查,基于基因分型(genotypingbysequencing,GBS)技术进行全基因组关联分析发掘影响水稻抽穗期、单株有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量性状QTL。【结果】在两个环境下共计检测到26个控制抽穗期和产量相关性状的QTL,分布于除第10染色体外的其他染色体上。其中,11个位点为新位点,1个新位点(qNTP9)在两年均被检测到,该位点受环境影响较小,可用于进一步的精细定位和基因克隆。根据抽穗期和产量性状表型数据,结合SNP基因型筛选到5个携带有利等位基因的优良株系,可用于将来的水稻高产育种。【结论】本研究发掘一批新的水稻抽穗期和产量相关性状QTL位点,可有效加速水稻遗传研究和高产育种进程。  相似文献   

9.
水稻苗期抗旱性的QTL分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用251个株系组成的Maybelle/白叶秋的加倍单倍体群体,构建了由226个SSR分子标记组成的遗传图谱。通过两年抗旱棚苗期抗旱性鉴定,应用复合区间作图法和QTLNetwork2.0对水稻苗期抗旱性进行QTL定位及互作效应分析。利用前者在两年共检测到5个抗旱性相关QTL,分别位于第2、3、5、6和8染色体;而通过后者在第2、3、5和6染色体上也找到了抗旱性相关的QTL,并且通过两种方法检测到的第3、5、6染色体上的3个QTL所在区间吻合;还发现4个具有上位性的QTL。所有抗旱性QTL的加性效应均为正值,表明来自父本白叶秋的这些抗旱性位点可以提高水稻的抗旱性。  相似文献   

10.
 利用水稻植酸含量差异较大的品种中花11(粳型)和LPA（籼型）为亲本杂交获得F2群体的172个单株,构建了含126个SSR和4个STS标记的遗传连锁图谱,利用贝叶斯（Bayesian）法对水稻籽粒植酸含量性状进行了主效应QTL定位和上位性互作分析。共检测到 3 个与水稻籽粒植酸含量性状有关的主效QTL,分布在第3、5和6 染色体的相应区间内,表型贡献率分别为538%、802%和462%,降低籽粒植酸含量的等位基因均来自亲本LPA。检测到10对上位性互作影响籽粒植酸含量, 分布于水稻第1、3、5、6、11染色体上,互作效应值为169～518,其表型变异的解释率为867%～2473%。  相似文献   

11.
To understand the responses of flag leaf shape in rice to elevated CO2 environment and their genetic characteristics,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for flag leaf shape in rice were mapped onto the molecular marker linkage map of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)derived from a cross between a japonica variety Asominori and an indica variety IR24 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment(FACE,200μmol/mol above current levels)and current CO2 concentration(Ambient,about 370μmol/mol).Three flag-leaf traits,flag-leaf length(LL),width(LW)and the ratio of LL to LW (RLW),were estimated for each CSSL and their parental varieties.The differences in LL,LW and RLW between parents and in LL and LW within IR24 between FACE and Ambient were significant at 1%level.The continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of LL,LW and RLW were also observed in CSSL population,showing that the three traits were quantitatively inherited under both FACE and Ambient.A total of 16 QTLs for the three traits were detected on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,6,8 and 11 with LOD(Log10-likelihood ratio)scores ranging from 3.0 to 6.7.Among them,four QTLs (qLL-6*,qLL-8*,qLW-4*,and qRLW-6*)were commonly detected under both FACE and Ambient.Therefore,based on the different responses to elevated CO2 in comparison with current CO2 level,it can be suggested that the expressions of several QTLs associated with flag-leaf shape in rice could be induced by the high CO2 level.  相似文献   

12.
 利用农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高 (free air CO2 enrichment,FACE) 系统,CO2浓度设正常CO2 (ambient, AMB) 和高CO2 (FACE,AMB + 200 μmol/mol) 2个水平,施N量设低氮 (LN,15 g/m2,以纯氮计)、中氮 (NN,25 g/m2)和高氮 (HN,35 g / m2) 3个水平,对水稻品种武香粳14结实期剑叶和倒2叶的内肽酶活力变化情况进行了研究。结果表明: 1) 同AMB相比,FACE处理使剑叶抽穗后10 d、20 d以及倒2叶抽穗到抽穗后20 d内肽酶活力明显提高,但使剑叶成熟期内肽酶活力明显下降;使剑叶抽穗后10 d、20 d和成熟期以及倒2叶抽穗到成熟期内肽酶比活力明显提高;FACE对抽穗后10 d、20 d叶片内肽酶活力和比活力影响较大,而对抽穗期和成熟期的影响较小。同LN相比,HN使灌浆前期叶片内肽酶活力明显降低,灌浆中后期则呈增加趋势;HN降低了叶片各期内肽酶比活力,灌浆前期降幅大于后期。 2) 同AMB相比,FACE使叶片抽穗后10 d至成熟期可溶性蛋白含量明显降低;同LN相比,HN明显减缓FACE处理对抽穗后10 d至成熟期功能叶片可溶性蛋白含量的影响。 3）除成熟期叶片可溶性蛋白含量与内肽酶活力呈正相关外,结实期剑叶及倒2叶可溶性蛋白含量与对应时期内肽酶活力呈显著负相关。上述结果说明,FACE处理下水稻剑叶及倒2叶结实中后期可溶性蛋白含量明显下降与结实期叶片内肽酶活力的变化关系密切。  相似文献   

13.
利用FACE（Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment）平台技术,研究了低氮（125 kg/hm2,以纯N计）和常氮（250 kg/hm2）水平下,高浓度CO2（周围大气CO2浓度+200 μmol/mol）对水稻不同生育期功能叶N代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,高浓度CO2提高了叶片硝酸还原酶和蛋白水解酶的活性,两者在常N下的响应程度大于在低N下的响应程度;高浓度CO2降低了低N下叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶（NADH GDH）活性,常N水平下酶活性的下降趋势得到改变或缓解。由此可见,高浓度CO2条件下NO3-转化为NH4+加速,而NH4+进一步同化为有机N却受阻,而且,由于后期蛋白水解加速,将进一步加剧叶片N含量的下降。这是水稻叶片N含量下降的内在因素。而增施N肥,有利于同化酶的表达,降低叶片蛋白水解酶活力,从而缓解叶片N含量的下降。  相似文献   

14.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):447-456
Abstract

Thirty-nine chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) population derived from a Koshihikari / Kasalath cross was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of plant type in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Putative rough QTLs (26.2～60.3cM of Kasalath chromosomal segments) for culm length, plant height, panicle number, chlorophyll content of flag leaf blade at heading and specific leaf weight, were mapped on the several chromosomal segments based on the comparison of CSSLs with Koshihikari in the field experiment for 3 years. In order to verify and narrow QTLs detected in CSSLs, we conducted QTL analyses using F2 populations derived from a cross between Koshihikari and target CSSL holding a putative rough QTL. The qPN-2, QTL for panicle number was mapped on chromosome 2. In traits of flag leaf, the qCHL-4-1 and qCHL-4-2 for chlorophyll content was mapped on chromosome 4, and the qSLW-7 for specific leaf weight on chromosome 7. All QTLs were detected in narrow marker intervals, compared with rough QTLs in CSSLs. The qPN-2, qCHL-4-1 and qCHL-4-2 had only additive effect. On the other hand, the qSLW-7 showed over-dominance. It could be emphasized that QTL analysis in the present study with the combination of CSSLs and backcross progeny F2 population can not only verify the rough QTLs detected in CSSLs but also estimate allelic effects on the QTL.  相似文献   

15.
CO2浓度升高条件下水稻蒸腾与N吸收的关系   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
利用FACE（Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment）平台技术,用水培试验研究了低氮（14 mg/L）和高氮（28 mg/L）水平下,大气CO2浓度升高条件下水稻蒸腾与N吸收速率的相关关系。结果表明,在CO2浓度升高条件下,水稻生物量增加了36%（低N）和29%（高N）;总吸N量也增加达7%（低N） 和5%（高N）;而总蒸腾量减少28%（低N）和10%（高N）。由于促进更多分蘖的发生,高CO2浓度使分蘖期水稻平均N吸收速率提高了31%～156%（低N）和19%～87%（高N）,在其他时期无明显影响;而高CO2浓度对水稻平均蒸腾速率的影响主要表现在抽穗到灌浆末期。在对照条件下,平均蒸腾速率和平均N吸收速率呈显著正相关;但在CO2浓度升高条件下,两者相关关系不显著。说明人们所推测的“蒸腾效应”——高CO2浓度条件下降低了的蒸腾作用并非影响水稻N吸收的关键因素。  相似文献   

16.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):224-232
Abstract

In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the maintenance of high photosynthetic rate of flag leaves and the carbon remobilization from leaf sheaths after heading is a critical physiological component affecting the yield. To clarify the genetic basis of RuBisCO content of the flag leaf, a major determinant of photosynthetic rate, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in the third leaf sheath at heading, we carried out quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis with 39 Koshihikari/Kasalath chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and backcross progeny F2 population derived from target CSSL holding the QTL/Koshihikari in the field. QTLs for RuBisCO content and NSC concentration at heading were detected between R2447-C1286 and R2447-R716 on chromosome 10, respectively, by comparing Koshihikari with four CSSLs for chromosome 10 (SL-229, -230, -231 and -232). The progeny QTL for RuBisCO content and for NSC concentration at heading qRCH-10 and qNSCLSH-10-1, respectively, were detected at similar marker intervals between RM8201 and RM5708. In addition, QTLs for RuBisCO content at 14 d after heading, qRCAH-10-1 and qRCAH-10-2, were detected in regions different from that of qRCH-10. No QTL for NSC concentration at 14 d after heading was detected between RM8201 and R716, the region analyzed in this study. The QTLs qRCH-10 and qRCAH-10-1 for RuBisCO content would have additive effects. These QTLs for RuBisCO content and NSC concentration newly found using CSSLs and their backcross progeny F2 population should be useful for better understanding the genetic basis of source and temporary-sink functions in rice and for genetic improvement of Koshihikari in terms of their functions.  相似文献   

17.
The O2- production, scavenging capacity, photooxidation, protein content, and SOD activity were studied in leaves of Yayou 2 (indica-japonica hybrid rice) and Shanyou 63 (indica hybrid rice) at filling stage. It was shown that protein content decreased gradually with days of heading in two varieties in natural condition, and the decrease in Shanyou 63 was more than that in Yayou 2. The rate of O2- production and SOD activity increased from heading to 20 days after heading, then decreases but still maintained certain levels until 30 days after heading in two varieties. O2- production rate in Shanyou 63 was more than that of Yayou 2, but SOD activity was contrary in two varieties. In addition, the change of O2- and SOD under photooxidation condition was consistent with the tendency above under natural condition. It was also shown that there was negative correlation between protein degradation and O2- / SOD in the process of senescence in flag leaves after 20 days of heading. It is suggested that O2-/SOD could be used as an index of scavenging ability for O2- during senescence in rice.  相似文献   

18.
小麦抽穗期QTL及其与环境的互作   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为筛选稳定表达的小麦抽穗期QTL用于辅助选择,以旱选10号×鲁麦14的DH群体为试材,在四种环境下对抽穗期进行QTL。结果表明,该DH群体抽穗期呈连续性分布,表现为多基因控制的数量性状。四种环境下共检测到6个抽穗期加性QTLs,分别位于1B、1D、4D、6B、7B、7D染色体上,LOD值为3.13~10.88,贡献率在1.57%~6.72%之间,其中QHd-1D-1和QHd-7B与环境具有互作效应。共检测到10对上位性QTL位点,互作效应值为-0.39~0.423,表型贡献率在1.39%~4.86%之间,其中4对上位性位点与环境具有互作效应。  相似文献   

19.
Increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to influence crop production. To investigate the effect on rice (Oryza sativa L.), plants were grown under ambient CO2 (AMB) or free-air CO2-enrichment (FACE) at CO2 concentrations ranged from 275 to 365 μmol mol−1 above AMB. We supplied 13CO2 to the plants at different growth stages so we could examine the contribution of carbohydrate stored during the vegetative stage or newly fixed carbohydrate produced during the grain-filling stage to ear weight at grain maturity. In plants supplied with 13C at the panicle-initiation or pre-heading stages, plants grown under FACE had more starch in the stems at heading, but there was no difference in stem 13C content. Furthermore, there were no differences between treatments in whole-plant 13C contents at heading and grain maturity. In contrast, plants supplied with 13C at the grain-filling stage had more 13C in the whole plant and the ears at grain maturity under FACE than under AMB, indicating that the increased amount of photosynthate produced at the grain-filling stage under CO2 enrichment might be effectively stored in the grains. Furthermore, regardless of when the 13C was supplied, plants had more 13C in starch in the ears at grain maturity under FACE than under AMB. Therefore, CO2 enrichment appears to promote partitioning of photosynthate produced during both vegetative and grain-filling stages to the grains.  相似文献   

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