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甜菜多粘菌(Polymyxa betae)是甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)的真菌介体,属持久性传毒关系。BNYVV引起甜菜丛根病,是世界范围分布的主要甜菜病害,在我国各甜菜产区也广泛流行并严重危害。 相似文献
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从市场出售的甜菜(Beta vulgaris)种子中首次得到了直径约30毫微米的等轴病毒粒子的分离物。接种试验证明,它不能由摩擦接种传病,也不能由桃蚜(Myzus persicae)传播,但可由种子传毒,种子带毒率高达87.5%。受侵染的甜菜植株不表现症状,体内含毒量很低,病株汁液须经部分提纯并浓缩后才能在电镜下观察到病毒粒子和用琼脂双扩散法检测到病毒。在病株叶片的超薄切片中,未发现病毒粒子和细胞学的变异。在氯化铯溶液中,病毒粒子的浮力密度为1.37克/毫升左右。该分离物能与甜菜潜隐病毒抗血清产生沉淀反应,但与黄瓜花叶病毒无血清学关系。根据上述基本性状,该分离物归属于甜菜潜隐病毒(Beet Cryptic Virus)。 相似文献
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通过禾谷多粘菌Polymyxa graminis L.休眠孢子分离接种感病大麦品种,并进行砂培养,获得13个纯化了的禾谷多粘菌分离物,且其中3个带有大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)。用分别带有BaYMV和大麦温和花叶病毒(BMMV)的英国禾谷多粘菌分离物的游动孢子接种13个中国大麦品种,以及用BaMMV摩擦接种36个中外大麦品种,抗性鉴定结果游动孢子接种与摩擦接种一样,均与田间鉴定结果一致,且大麦对BaYMV的抗性与对BaMMV的抗性一致,从而这2种接种方法可用于大麦品种(系)和育种中间体对BaYMV抗性的快速鉴定和筛选。游动孢子或休眠孢子接种方法还可有效地鉴定大麦对禾谷多粘菌的抗性。 相似文献
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利用寄主昆虫增殖病毒时，影响病毒产量的因素很多，其中寄主昆虫的敏感性是重要因素之一。尽管国内外在不同寄主对同种病毒敏感性方面进行了较多研究，但在相同寄主不同品系对同种病毒敏感性上的研究，尚未见报道。鉴于此，本文开展了甜菜夜蛾不同品系对甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera exigua Nucleopolyhedmvirus，SeNPV）敏感性的研究，以期筛选到高敏感性寄主昆虫，从而实现在甜菜夜蛾幼虫末龄高效增殖甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒，达到有效提高甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫剂生产效率的目的。现报道如下。 相似文献
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甜菜花叶病毒病的研究Ⅰ.病毒的分离鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1986-1987年对黑龙江、内蒙古部分甜菜原料产区与采种区进行了初步调查,采种区甜菜花叶病毒病发病率达100%,与其邻近的原料产区有零星发病,远离采种区则没有发病的迹象。田间采集的病叶,用磨擦、蚜传接种方法均能在甜菜上再现症状。经昆诺藜(Chenopodium quinoa)分离,普通电镜及乳胶电镜负染均能看到典型的马铃薯Y组病毒的粒体。通过鉴别寄主、甜菜上的症状表现,分离物的物理特性及血清学试验,证明此分离物为甜菜花叶病毒。在提纯方面,摸索了不同方法,认为匀浆前液氮或冷冻处理,二次PEG沉淀后过Sepharose4B柱,分离病毒效果较好,还可省去超速离心步骤。以内蒙五号甜菜品种作为毒源的繁殖寄主,能使提纯病毒产量达0.6mg/100g叶片,耳静脉与多点皮下注射相结合免疫兔子,微量沉淀测定效价为1:1024。 相似文献
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黄瓜花叶病毒甜菜分离物的分离鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从新疆石河子地区春季采种甜菜和夏播母根用甜菜上分离到3个病毒分离物,代号为石-B-2、石-B-5和石-B-D,自然感染甜菜引起叶片黄色花叶、扭曲、皱缩和植株严重矮化。病毒粒体球状、直径28~30 nm、均含有分子量约为2 9k D外壳蛋白、3种相同的较大片段的双链RNA (即3400 bp的RNA1、3100 bp的RNA2、2300 bp的RNA3)和片段大小约400 bp的小RNA,石-B-2和石-B-D具有1100 bp的RNA4,在ELISA和琼脂双扩散试验中,3个分离物均与CMV-83抗血清有特异反应,初步认为这3个球状病毒分离物属于CMV,但它们具有狭窄的寄主范围,不感染心叶烟、蔓陀罗、番茄,在寄主反应、双链RNA4和卫星RNA的大小上明显不同于国内外报道的CMV株系或分离物,同时说明侵染甜菜的CMV可能存在着株系分化。 相似文献
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抗植物病毒剂对烟草和甜菜病程相关蛋白的诱导作用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文用7种抗植物病毒剂在烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L. "Samsun" NN)和甜菜(Beta milgaris L.)上进行了病程相关蛋白(Pathogenesis-Related Proteins,PRs.)的诱导试验。结果表明,所有参试的抗植物病毒剂都可以在烟草和甜菜上诱导产生一些PR蛋白。抗病毒物质在烟草和甜菜上分别最多可以诱导产生7种PR蛋白。这可能对植物的诱导抗性有一定的贡献。但在产生的PR蛋白的种类和含量上有一定的差别,同一种药剂在不同植物上诱导产生PR蛋白的能力也有所不同。多种成份的药剂与单一成份的药剂相比,可诱导产生的PR蛋白种类和含量较多。 相似文献
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Polymyxa betae is the fungal vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), which is the causal agent of the sugar beet disease rhizomania. The within-season dynamics of the fungus are a crucial factor in the occurrence and severity of rhizomania. Late infection of the host by viruliferous fungi enables host resistance to the virus to develop and hence limits crop damage. A previously published mechanistic model for the dynamics of Polymyxa betae is extended in this paper to incorporate the effect of temperature on the germination of resting spores, and on the latent periods between infection and the production of secondary zoospores and new resting spores. It is shown that, for UK temperature conditions, the effect of sowing date on infection is greater than that of year-to-year variations in temperature associated with a single representative sowing date. The variation in inoculum build-up predicted when temperature data from a range of soil types were used in the model agreed with field observations, where higher levels of infection are observed on sandy soils than on black fen peat soils. The difference was most distinct when daily maximum soil temperature values were used to drive the model rather than rolling 24-hour average values. 相似文献
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Characterization of Polymyxa species by restriction analysis of PCR-amplified ribosomal DNA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A molecular method is described to aid identification of the obligate parasite Polymyxa and discriminate between species ( P. betae and P. graminis ) and isolates. DNA was extracted from zoospores, resting spores and roots infected with P. betae and P. graminis and compared with that from negative control plants that were not inoculated with Polymyxa but were grown at the same time under the same conditions. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rDNAs were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with restriction enzymes to detect molecular differences between the species and isolates. There were differences between P. betae and P. graminis and two subgroups within P. graminis but so far this has not been correlated with any other biological property. 相似文献
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The host range of Polymyxa betae on common arable weed species in Britain was determined by growing plants in naturally infested soil and examining their root systems for the presence of resting spores (cystosori). Of the 24 species tested, only Atriplex patula and Chenopodium album of the Chenopodiaceae, and Silene alba of the Caryophyllaceae, were found to be heavily infected. S. alba is a newly recorded host species for Polymyxa. The host specificity of isolates of P. betae from Beta vulgaris, C. album and A. patula was investigated by observing which of 11 test plants could be infected by the isolates obtained from this soil. Three main biotypes of P. betae appeared to be distinguishable: one which was able to infect all chenopodiaceous species; one which had a narrower host range; and one which was able to infect S. alba. The role of weed species in the epidemiology of rhizomania is discussed. 相似文献
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U. MERZ 《Plant pathology》1997,46(5):670-674
A solution culture test system with Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea spore ball inoculum and tomato bait plants was used to create a pulse of primary zoospore production and subsequent host-root infection. Spore balls and zoospores were examined by light, fluorescence, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Most of the resting spores with a developing exit pore did not show any changes in cytoplasmic content typical of zoospore formation. A few empty resting spores and some with developing exit pores were also observed in the absence of host-root exudates. The average diameter of exit pores of empty resting spores was 1.5 μm and they were often encircled by a ring-like fusion of wall layers. Mature zoospores were never found inside resting spores. Primary and secondary zoospores are identical in morphology. The infection process is similar to that of other Plasmodiophoromycetes with internal 'Rohr'-like structures in encysted zoospores which were attached by an adhesorium to tomato root hairs. Post-infection papillae and uninucleate plasmodia were observed. 相似文献
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Delfosse P Reddy AS Legréve A Devi KT Abdurahman MD Maraite H Reddy DV 《Phytopathology》2000,90(5):537-545
A purification procedure was developed to separate Polymyxa graminisresting spores from sorghum root materials. The spores were used as im-munogen to produce a polyclonal antiserum. In a direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC ELISA), the antiserum could detect one sporosorus per well of the ELISA plate. In spiked root samples, the procedure detected one sporosorus per mg of dried sorghum roots. The majority of isolates of P. graminis from Europe, North America, and India reacted strongly with the antiserum. Interestingly, P. graminis isolates from the state of Rajasthan (northern India), from Pakistan, and an isolate from Senegal (West Africa) reacted weakly with the antiserum. The cross-reactivity of the serum with P. betae isolates from Belgium and Turkey was about 40% of that observed for the homologous isolate. There was no reaction with common fungi infecting roots or with the obligate parasite Olpidium brassicae. However, two isolates of Spongospora sub-terranea gave an absorbance similar to that observed with the homologous antigen. The DAC ELISA procedure was successfully used to detect various stages in the life cycle of P. graminis and to detect infection that occurred under natural and controlled environments. A simple procedure to conjugate antibodies to fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) is described. Resting spores could be detected in root sections by using FITC-labeled antibodies. The potential for application of the two serological techniques for studying the epidemiology of peanut clump disease and for the characterization of Polymyxa isolates from various geographical origins is discussed. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in the root cortex of Shanghai pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on subsequent clubroot severity. Ten-day-old seedlings were grown individually, inoculated with resting spores, and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30?C. Seedlings were harvested at 2-day intervals, starting 8 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until 42 DAI. Roots were assessed at 4-day intervals for the incidence of cortical infection and stage of infection (young plasmodia, mature plasmodia, and resting spores), at 2-day intervals for symptom development and clubroot severity, and at 8-day intervals for the number of spores per gram of gall. Temperature affected every stage of clubroot development. Cortical infection was highest and symptoms were observed earliest at 25?C, intermediate at 20 and 30?C, and lowest and latest at 15?C. No cortical infection or symptoms were observed at 42 DAI in plants grown at 10?C. A substantial delay in the development of the pathogen was observed at 15?C. Resting spores were first observed at 38 DAI in plants at 15?C, 26 DAI at 20 and 30?C, and 22 DAI at 25?C. The yield of resting spores from galls was higher in galls that developed at 20 to 30?C than those that developed at 15?C over 42 days of assessment. These results support the observation in companion studies that cool temperatures result in slower development of clubroot symptoms in brassica crops, and demonstrate that the temperature has a consistent pattern of effect throughout the life cycle of the pathogen. 相似文献
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Development of a recombinant antibody ELISA test for the detection of Polymyxa betae and its use in resistance screening 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
C. S. Kingsnorth M. J. C. Asher † G. J. P. Keane D. M. Chwarszczynska M. C. Luterbacher E. S . Mutasa-Göttgens 《Plant pathology》2003,52(6):673-680
An ELISA test was developed for the quantitative detection of the obligate parasite Polymyxa betae , the vector of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), in infected sugarbeet roots. The test used monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised to a recombinantly expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from P. betae . A close correlation was found between the number of P. betae zoospores in serially diluted suspensions and absorbance values in the ELISA test. Time-course studies of plants grown in naturally infested soils in controlled environment tests demonstrated the value of the ELISA test in screening for P. betae resistance. In preliminary tests, P. betae -resistant accessions of the wild sea beet ( Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima ), which might be used to restrict the transmission of BNYVV, were identified. 相似文献
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The early stages of infection of canola roots by the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae were investigated. Inoculation with 1 × 105 resting spores mL?1 resulted in primary (root hair) infection at 12 h after inoculation (hai). Secondary (cortical) infection began to be observed at 72 hai. When inoculated onto plants at a concentration of 1 × 104 mL?1, secondary zoospores produced primary infections similar to those obtained with resting spores at a concentration of 1 × 105 mL?1. Secondary zoospores caused secondary infections earlier than resting spores. When the plants were inoculated with 1 × 107 resting spores mL?1, 2 days after being challenged with 1 × 104 or 1 × 105 resting spores mL?1, secondary infections were observed on the very next day, which was earlier than the secondary infections resulting from inoculation with 1 × 107 resting spores mL?1 alone and more severe than those produced by inoculation with 1 × 104 or 1 × 105 resting spores mL?1 alone. Compared with the single inoculations, secondary infections on plants that had received both inoculations remained at higher levels throughout a 7‐day time course. These data indicate that primary zoospores can directly cause secondary infection when the host is under primary infection, helping to understand the relationship and relative importance of the two infection stages of P. brassicae. 相似文献
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Koji Nomiyama Hideki Osaki Takahide Sasaya Koichi Ishikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):64-68
Research on Olpidium virulentus, the vector of the serious lettuce big-vein disease, is difficult because its resting spores persist in soil and retain virus for years and the fungus is not culturable. We developed protocols to obtain purified, viable resting spores from infected roots using an enzymatic treatment and two-step density gradient centrifugation and to generate a polyclonal antibody against these spores. The antibody was species-specific in a direct immunostaining assay and in western blots produced two specific bands (ca. 30.5, 29.0 kDa) against resting spores. The detection limit for resting spores in an indirect ELISA was 200 spores/100 μL. 相似文献
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Characterization of isolates derived from single resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae and studies of their interaction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A technique for inoculation of Brassica seedlings with single resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae is described. Three isolates derived from single spores were produced from one population of P. brassicae. They gave different reactions with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) series, and two gave different reactions from those of the spore suspensions from which they were derived. When two isolates were mixed together, spores of one isolate restricted infection by spores of the other isolate. 相似文献