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1.
油茶暹罗刺盘孢菌群体遗传结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
暹罗刺盘孢菌是油茶炭疽病病原之一,在我国多个油茶产区均有分布。研究油茶暹罗刺盘孢菌群体遗传结构可为全面、有效防治油茶炭疽病害提供理论依据。本研究对分离自海南、江西、湖南、广西4省(自治区)6个地区暹罗刺盘孢菌菌株的ITS、CAL和GAPDH 3个基因的序列进行群体遗传结构分析。根据拼接的上述3个基因的序列,57个暹罗刺盘孢菌菌株可定义为13个单倍型,其中单倍型H7为主要单倍型,分布于本研究所涉及的所有地区。病菌不同地理种群间的遗传分化较大,AMOVA分析显示,遗传变异主要发生在种群内,病菌未经历过大规模的种群扩张。研究结果表明油茶炭疽病原暹罗刺盘孢菌种群具有丰富的遗传多样性。 相似文献
2.
类拟盘多毛孢真菌(Pestalotiopsis-like fungi)是危害蓝莓的一类重要病原菌。实验室前期对比发现有8株分离自蓝莓病样的类拟盘多毛孢菌单独聚成一支，并且与危害蓝莓的类拟盘多毛孢已知种相互区分，表明这8株菌有可能是危害蓝莓的新纪录种或新种。为明确这8株菌的种群分类地位，本研究对供试菌株进行形态学鉴定及系统发育分析，结果表明它们隶属于污斑新拟盘多毛孢Neopestalotiopsis foedans,这是该菌危害蓝莓在国内外的首次报道。在此基础上，进一步研究了该新纪录种不同菌株对辽宁省5个蓝莓主栽品种的致病能力，结果表明这8株菌的致病力具有明显分化，不同蓝莓品种均对强致病菌株较敏感，生产中应当加以重视。 相似文献
3.
大丽轮枝菌培养性状的变异 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对棉花,茄子、辣椒等植物上分离到的大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae kleb)的36个菌株进行了培养性状变异的研究。试验以分生孢子稀释培养的方法,检查单孢菌落的变异率.从野生型(A型)菌株分离到的92,947个单孢菌落,形成绒毛型(B型)菌落的变异率为5.85%,形成菌膜型(C型)菌落的变异率为0.07%。在绒毛型菌株的1,773个单孢菌落中,形成菌膜型菌落的变异率为0.19%。大丽轮枝菌野生型菌株培养性状的变异率,因试验菌株、单孢个体、营养条件、菌种保存温度和保存时间不同而异.绒毛型变异体的培养性状比较稳定.根据试验结果,探讨了菌种保存的方法. 相似文献
4.
我国植物青枯菌菌株的遗传多样性和组群划分 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用15条随机引物对我国11个省(市、区)6种不同寄主植物的43个青枯菌代表性菌株和4个国外青枯菌菌株,进行了PCR扩增.引物OPB11、OPA15、OPE1和OPZ10对上述所有菌株扩增获得了相似的产物电泳图谱,分别具1~5条谱带不等;引物OPB7、OPA10和OPF1对马铃薯菌株获得了相同的产物图谱,但对其它寄主菌株的产物间有明显差别;引物OPA14、OPC,6、OPG14、OPF5、OPK14、OPK20和OPK17对于不同菌株的扩增产物多态性很强.供试菌株被聚类为2个组群,即组群A和组群B.组群A中又可分为7个亚组(A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7),其中A1含有2个类型(A1-1、A1-2);组群B中也可分为2个亚组(B1、B2),其中B1含有3个类型(B1-1、B1-2、B1-3),B2也含有3个类型(B2-1、B2-2、B2-3).RAPD组群A中包含了27个来自我国不同地区的马铃薯菌株,主要是3号小种、生化变种2;组群B中含有20个来自不同地区、不同寄主的菌株,分属于其它不同的小种和生化变种.研究结果表明,我国青枯菌菌株RAPD组群的划分与菌株的地理来源关系不大,而与寄主来源有明显相关性.此外,通过对我国青枯菌菌株组群进行同源性PCR分析表明,来源自马铃薯的3号小种菌株属于美洲分支"Americanmm",而来自其它寄主的青枯菌1号、5号小种菌株属于亚洲分支"Asiaticum",与本研究RAPD组群A和组群B的划分是一致的. 相似文献
5.
云南省稻瘟病菌的有性世代研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解云南省稻瘟病菌有性世代的形成状况,用云南省14个地区采集的约300个稻瘟病菌株和分离自龙爪稷上的A.a交配型标准菌株,在燕麦片培养基上作了交配。交配结果是:西双版纳州、曲靖地区的分离菌中A,a两交配型菌都有;楚雄州、大理州的分离菌中仅有A交配型菌:昆明、保山、玉溪、文山、昭通、迪庆、临沧及怒江等地的分离菌中仅有a交配型菌,红河州和丽江地区的分离菌都末形成子囊孢子,无法确定其交配型。此外,曲靖地区龙爪稷上分离10个梨孢属菌株及日本茨城县糠稷上分离的7个梨孢属菌株,分别与上述标准菌株、云南省稻瘟病菌株、日本秋田县稻瘟病菌株作了交配,都末形成有性世代。 相似文献
6.
黑龙江省马铃薯干腐病菌种类鉴定及致病性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究将采自黑龙江省不同地区的马铃薯干腐病病样进行分离和病原菌纯化,得到27个镰刀菌菌株,通过致病性鉴定,其中的18个菌株具有致病性。运用培养性状和形态特征综合分析的方法,对上述18个菌株进行鉴定,结果显示为6种镰刀菌,分别为拟枝孢镰孢(Fusarium sporotrioides)、茄镰孢(F.solani)、接骨木镰孢(F.sam-bucinum)、拟丝孢镰孢(F.trichothecioides)、燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum)和茄病镰孢蓝色变种(F.solanivar.coerule-um)。同时对上述6种镰刀菌进行致病性测定,结果表明不同种类镰刀菌致病性不同,以接骨木镰孢、燕麦镰孢和拟丝孢镰孢致病力最强,拟枝孢镰孢致病力最弱。 相似文献
7.
玉米新月弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)的RAPD分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对分离自玉米弯孢菌叶斑病标样中的77株新月弯孢菌和1株来自水稻的新月弯孢菌进行RAPD分析表明,菌株间具有丰富的遗传多样性,在相似系数约0.60处,所有菌株被聚为3个组,但88.0%的菌株聚入第Ⅰ组内,其余菌株被聚入另外2个组内。第Ⅰ组内共有69个菌株,包含来自不同区域的致病性较强的菌株,是玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的优势类群,其余2个类群主要是一些致病能力较弱或不致病的菌株。结果表明,新月弯孢菌种内菌株的遗传多样性与致病性相关,但与菌株地理来源无明显的直接关系。 相似文献
8.
为了明确海南省不同寄主植物炭疽病菌侵染油茶的潜力,本研究分离、鉴定海南省4个油茶林中不同寄主植物的炭疽病菌种类及其致病性。结果从油茶、葛根、山麻杆、飞机草、蒲葵、鲫鱼胆、桃花心木、黄兰、羊蹄甲、山矾、银柴、降香黄檀和檀香等13种植物上,共获得135株炭疽病菌,其中果生刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum fructicola)85株、暹罗刺盘孢菌(C.siamense)45株,盘长孢状刺盘孢菌(C.gloeosporioides)3株,君子兰刺盘孢(C.cliviae)和山茶刺盘孢(C.camelliae)各1株;4个采样地的油茶树与葛根等当地其他12种植物具有相同的炭疽病菌C.fructicola和C.siamense,这两种菌占总分离炭疽菌的96%;通过致病性测定,不同寄主来源的这5种炭疽菌均能引起油茶炭疽病。海南省当地多种植物的炭疽病菌是油茶的潜在侵染源。 相似文献
9.
梨果生刺盘孢的2种致病型菌株FJ-85(产生黑点症状)和菌株FJ-11-2(产生坏死斑症状)的子囊孢子单孢培养均可产生正、负2种类型的单孢菌系。正型单孢菌系菌落浅白色,其上形成的子囊孢子再培养,可形成正、负2种类型的单孢菌系;负型单孢菌系菌落深灰色,其上形成的子囊孢子再培养,只形成负型一种单孢菌系。2个菌株的单孢菌系中,负型的比例明显多于正型。2种类型的单孢菌系对峙培养,在菌落内及菌落交界处均可形成子囊壳,而同种类型的单孢菌系对峙培养仅在菌落内产生子囊壳。结果表明同种类型的单孢菌系可同宗配合,而正、负2种类型的单孢菌系还可异宗配合。正型单孢菌系的致病力与原始菌株相近,而负型单孢菌系较原始菌株弱。2个菌株的单孢菌系在翠冠梨上引起的症状差异与其原始菌株相同。研究结果为解析梨果生刺盘孢的有性生殖与致病的关系提供了新的有用信息。 相似文献
10.
禾谷丝核菌拮抗细菌的鉴定及其拮抗产物分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
小麦纹枯病是长江中下游麦区重要的土传病害。明确小麦根际拮抗细菌种类和拮抗机理对小麦纹枯病生物防治具有重要意义。从江苏省姜堰市小麦根际分离到拮抗细菌A6、A12、B37、B40、B41和B42。通过生理生化测定和16SrDNA同源序列比对分析,这些菌株都为荧光假单胞杆菌。在温室条件下进行种子处理,这些菌株对小麦纹枯菌都有一定的控制作用,其中菌株A6、B41和B42的控病作用明显,菌株B42对小麦纹枯病的控制效果最好,温室防效达71.67%。基因检测和次生代谢物分析的结果表明:6个菌株都不产生2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚和吩嗪,菌株A12、B37和B42含有与吡咯菌素合成相关的基因PrnD,在菌株B37中还检测到合成基因PrnC;菌株A12、B37和B42产生嗜铁素;除了菌株A6和B37,其余菌株都产生蛋白酶;所有菌株都不产生几丁质酶。 相似文献
11.
中国不同地区致病疫霉遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文应用RAPD技术检测了我国主要马铃薯产区致病疫霉的遗传分化情况及不同地区菌株间的亲缘关系。用筛选出的10个随机引物对1997-2001年间采自我国9省市的82株及3株来自日本的致病疫霉DNA进行了PCR扩增,获得了79条谱带,其中多态性标记75条,占95%。根据扩增结果,运用UPGMA分析,获得了表现菌株间亲缘关系的树状图。菌株间的最大遗传距离为0.5,以距离0.3为阈值,可将供试菌株划分为10个组(RG1-10)。结果发现:A1交配型菌株群体内的差异大于A1和A2菌株群体之间的;RAPD分组与菌株的地理来源、交配型及对甲霜灵的敏感性无明显相关性。研究结果显示,来自中国北方甘肃、内蒙、吉林、黑龙江地区的菌株与一些来自云南、四川等西南地区的菌株亲缘关系相近。病原菌随种薯的迁移可能是导致这种现象的原因之一。 相似文献
12.
B. Qu H. P. Li J. B. Zhang T. Huang J. Carter Y. C. Liao P. Nicholson 《Plant pathology》2008,57(4):642-651
The genetic diversity and pathogenicity of isolates of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolated from wheat heads in China were examined and compared with those of isolates of F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale from Europe, USA and Nepal. Genetic diversity was assessed by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis and by molecular chemotyping. SSCP analysis of the Fg16F/Fg16R PCR amplicon differentiated F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale and revealed three haplotypes among sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) type 1 F. graminearum isolates. AFLP analysis showed a high level of genetic diversity and clustered the majority of Chinese isolates in one group along with other isolates of Asian origin. The second cluster contained F. graminearum isolates from China, Europe and the USA. Of the Chinese isolates, 79% were F. asiaticum and 81% of these were of the 3-AcDON chemotype, with only 9·5% of either chemotype 15-AcDON or NIV. All the Chinese and USA isolates of F. graminearum were 15-AcDON, whereas among the isolates from Europe, 21% were NIV and 8% were 3-AcDON chemotype. No evidence was found for possible differences in aggressiveness between F. graminearum and F. asiaticum . Highly aggressive isolates were present in each region and no evidence was found for any association between aggressiveness and geographical origin or chemotype among the isolates examined. No difference was observed in pathogenicity towards wheat seedlings between Chinese isolates and those from Europe, the USA or Nepal. 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT Isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of stem rot or southern blight of groundnut, can be placed in mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) based on hyphal interactions between isolates. The aim of this study was to determine whether amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was a suitable technique to assess genetic variability between isolates and MCGs of S. rolfsii. For preliminary genetic analysis, 10 isolates were selected from each of two MCGs and compared with each other using the restriction enzymes EcoRI and MseI and 4 primer pairs. The number of polymorphisms ranged from 10 to 36 per primer combination, with an average of 22.5. AFLP analysis clearly showed genotypic differences (22%) among MCGs B and C, with a maximum variation of 6.41% between any two isolates per group using four primer pairs. Certain isolates could not be distinguished from each other. A more in-depth study of 10 isolates from MCG B, using 8 additional primer pairs, showed small genetic differences (maximum of 4.2% and minimum of 0.2%) between isolates. These results suggested that DNA could be pooled for comparison of MCGs. Pooled DNA from isolates within groups using 20 primer pairs confirmed differences between 9 MCGs. This technique effectively differentiated MCGs of S. rolfsii from each other and also detected differences between isolates within a single MCG. 相似文献
14.
西南地区稻瘟病菌群体遗传多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为明确西南地区稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea(Hebert)Barr群体遗传结构及其多样性水平,选用13对SSR引物对来自18个县(市)的221个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株进行PCR扩增,利用最长距离法和生物学软件进行聚类分析和群体遗传多样性分析。结果显示,13对SSR引物均能扩增出一条大小相同且清晰的条带,多态位点百分率高达100%。221个菌株在0.16相异水平上可划分为13个遗传宗谱,宗谱SCL01含205个菌株,占总菌株数的92.76%,为优势宗谱;宗谱SCL02~SCL013为劣势宗谱,差异极大。在群体水平上,菌源丰富的8个区域稻瘟病菌群体的Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.2133,Shannon信息指数为0.3588,具有丰富的遗传多样性,且群体间差异较大;这8个种群基于UPGMA法大都聚为一类,种群遗传谱系与地理区域分布呈一定相关性,群体遗传多样性均值为0.2518,存在一定的遗传分化,且群体内多样性大于群体间,总遗传变异的59.37%存在于群体内。总体上,西南地区稻瘟病菌群体结构既有明显的优势宗谱,又存在许多复杂多变的特异性小宗谱,具有丰富的遗传多样性,与地理分布关系较为密切。 相似文献
15.
B. Wang C. L. Brubaker W. Tate M. J. Woods B. A. Matheson J. J. Burdon 《Plant pathology》2006,55(6):746-755
Genetic variation among 348 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fov) collected from diseased cotton plants in 31 fields in six cotton-growing regions in New South Wales and Queensland in 2002 and 2004 was analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Twenty-eight haplotypes were identified based on 146 polymorphic bands generated with four Eco RI and Mse I and four Hind III and Mse I primer combinations. The haplotypes separated into two distinct groups (37% similarity), with 21 in group I and seven in group II. The two unique vegetative compatibility groups of Fov known to occur in Australia (VCG 01111 and VCG 01112) were correlated to the two AFLP groups, with both VCG 01111 reference isolates being included in group I and both VCG 01112 reference isolates in group II. Group I was widespread, occurring in all regions sampled and all but one of the fields, while group II was limited to three fields in the Boggabilla region. Group I was further divided into two subgroups. The two haplotypes in subgroup I-B (I-20 and I-21) may represent the emergence of a new form of Fov based on their marked genetic discrimination from the subgroup I-A haplotypes. No spatial population differentiation was discernible at the national level, as only 3·9% of total genetic variation was attributed to differences among regions ( P = 0·4868). When each region was analysed separately, clear differentiation was found in the Boggabilla region, with 86·3% of total genetic variation resulting from differences among fields ( P < 0·0001). 相似文献
16.
B. Qu H. P. Li J. B. Zhang Y. B. Xu T. Huang A. B. Wu C. S. Zhao J. Carter P. Nicholson Y. C. Liao 《Plant pathology》2008,57(1):15-24
A large number of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat spikes from all regions in China with a history of fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics. Isolates were analysed to investigate their genetic diversity and geographic distribution. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analyses of 437 isolates resolved both species, with 21% being F. graminearum (SCAR type 1) and 79% being F. asiaticum (SCAR type 5). AFLP profiles clearly resolved two groups, A and B, that were completely congruent with both species. However, more diversity was detected by AFLP, revealing several subgroups within each group. In many cases, even for isolates from the same district, AFLP haplotypes differed markedly. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data indicated that all isolates of SCAR type 1, AFLP group A were F. graminearum , whilst isolates of SCAR type 5, AFLP group B were F. asiaticum , demonstrating that it is an efficient method for differentiating these two species. Both species seem to have different geographic distributions within China. Fusarium graminearum was mainly obtained from wheat growing in the cooler regions where the annual average temperature was 15°C or lower. In contrast, the vast majority of F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat growing in the warmer regions where the annual average temperature is above 15°C and where FHB epidemics occur most frequently. This is the first report of the distribution of, and genetic diversity within, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum on wheat spikes throughout China. 相似文献
17.
黄瓜枯萎病菌毒力、营养体亲和性及ISSR分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究对来自哈尔滨、长春、沈阳、北京、西宁5个城市的70个尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型菌株进行了毒力、营养体亲和性及ISSR分析。毒力测定结果显示黄瓜枯萎病菌在东农803品种上存在明显的毒力分化。在营养体亲和群的测定中有8个菌株没有产生nit突变体,2个菌株经测定为异核体自身不亲和性菌株,不能进行营养体亲和群的测定;其余60个菌株可分为5个营养体亲和群。利用筛选的7个引物对70个菌株进行了ISSR分子标记,聚类分析可将70个菌株分为3个类群,其中IGⅠ的41个菌株均来自东北三省,IGⅡ的21个菌株均来自北京,IGⅢ的8个菌株全部来自西宁。VCGs和ISSRs与菌株的地理来源及毒力存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
18.
对分离获得的32株苦瓜枯萎病菌菌株进行形态学特征和寄主专化型测定, 结果表明, 测试的苦瓜枯萎病菌株均为尖孢镰刀菌苦瓜专化型 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae), 这些菌株可以侵染苦瓜和瓠瓜幼苗, 但不侵染其他葫芦科瓜类作物。对苦瓜枯萎病菌菌株的rDNA-ITS区 (ITS1、5.8S和ITS2)序列进行扩增测序, 结果显示其序列长度均为456 bp;聚类分析表明测序菌株与镰刀菌属中尖孢镰刀菌不同专化型的菌株聚为一群。利用RAPD标记技术分析苦瓜枯萎病菌的遗传多样性, 结果显示苦瓜枯萎病菌株与其他葫芦科瓜类作物枯萎病菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.59~0.99, 当遗传相似系数为0.85时, 供试的48个菌株分成10个类群 (G1~10)。在RAPD聚类树中所有苦瓜枯萎病菌株聚在一个分支上 (G1群), 菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.92~1.00, 具有较高的遗传相似性, 且菌株的聚群与地理来源存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
19.
本研究对来自黑龙江、辽宁、河北、山东、江苏5个省12个黄瓜主产区的77个黄瓜霜霉菌菌株,采用SRAP分子标记进行了遗传多样性分析。从35对SRAP引物中筛选出10对引物,共产生9 554条扩增条带,其中9 132条表现多态性,占95.6%。基于SRAP分子标记,77个黄瓜霜霉菌菌株的遗传距离为0.60~1.00,表明黄瓜霜霉菌具有丰富的遗传多样性。通过聚类分析,77个黄瓜霜霉菌菌株聚类为8个类群,并且来自相同地区的菌株大多数聚集于同一类群中,表明黄瓜霜霉菌群体的遗传多样性与其地理来源密切相关。 相似文献