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玉米茎腐病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶种类及其活性分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
玉米茎腐病菌Pythium aphanidermatum、Fusarium graminearum能够产生一系列细胞壁降解酶,即果胶甲基酯酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG)、多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶(PGTE)、果胶甲基反式消除酶(PMTE)和纤维素酶(Cx)。Fusarium graminearum产生的细胞壁降解酶活性明显高于Pythium aphanidermatum。病菌在活体内和活体外产生的细胞壁降解酶活性明显不同。酶动力学研究表明:Fusarium graminearum产生的各种细胞壁降解酶均有特定的最适反应条件。水解酶类的PG、PMG、Cx最大酶活的pH分别为6.0、5.0、6.0,温度分别为50、40、50℃;裂解酶类的PGTE和PMTE最大酶活的pH均为9.0,温度分别为30、20℃,与其它病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的特性基本相同。 相似文献
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黄瓜腐霉菌苗期猝倒病致病机制研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文明确了Pythium aphanidermatum主要靠生产以PG(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶)为主的一系列细胞壁降解酶的协调作用侵染黄瓜幼苗。植株胚轴细胞壁随苗龄增加,果胶物质增加最明显。病菌可在健胚轴及其细胞壁上培养产生果胶酶,其中细胞壁对PG的诱导作用比胚轴明显。随病菌致病力增强或病菌果胶酶浓度加大,胚轴的浸解和释放还原糖愈加明显。健株外渗物中虽也含有细胞壁降解酶,但比病菌的产生量少,活性低。病菌在寄生体内产生的细胞壁降解酶总酶活性,尤其是PG总酶活性与病菌致病力关系最为密切。这类细胞壁降解酶易受培养基成分和酸度的影响。经染色、显微及超微观察证实了该菌侵入黄瓜苗的机制是以酶解作用为主。 相似文献
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玉米茎腐病致病因子的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
玉米茎腐病属世界性分布的土传病害,目前,关于病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶及其与毒素相互关系等方面的研究未见报道,为此作者进行了研究,初报如下。 相似文献
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酚类物质和代谢对瓜果腐霉菌产生的细胞壁降解酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文明确了间苯三酚、邻苯二酚、香草醛对黄瓜苗期猝倒病菌瓜果腐霉菌(Pythium aphanidermatum)生长及其细胞壁降解酶体外合成和活性的影响。结果表明:3种酚类物质中香草醛抑制病菌生长比较明显,随着香草醛浓度提高,病菌菌落直径下降。3种酚类物质均能明显抑制病菌4种果胶酶(PG,PMG,PGTE,PMTE)的合成和活性,3种酚类物质抑制作用因果胶酶种类而异。邻苯二酚和香草醛对PG合成抑制比较明显。间苯三酚和邻苯二酚在各浓度下均完全抑制PMG合成。酚含量20ppm以上时,香草醛完全抑制了PGTE和PMTE合成,间苯三酚完全抑制了PMTE合成。香草醛对PG、PMG和Cx活性均有明显抑制作用。随苗龄增加过氧化物酶活性升高,木质化程度加强,寄主抗果胶酶降解能力也相应增加。寄主细胞壁降解中释放的半乳糖醛酸有刺激过氧化物酶活性的作用,这可能属于一种寄主自卫反应。 相似文献
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玉米腐霉菌茎腐病抗性机制研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文以我国北方地区玉米茎腐病主要致病菌肿囊腐霉菌(Pythium inflatum Math.)为例,首次对玉米腐霉菌茎腐病超微结构、防御酶系和生化抗性机制进行了系统研究。 相似文献
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十字花科黑腐病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris,Xcc)几乎能引起所有十字花科植物产生黑腐病[1]。该菌是研究植物与病原微生物互作的模式菌株之一[2]。植物病原菌在侵染宿主植物时需要先降解植物细胞的细胞壁,纤维素和半纤维素是细胞壁的主要成分。纤维素酶是降解纤维素生成葡萄糖的一类复合酶,主要由内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶以及β-葡萄糖苷酶3类酶组成,三者作用方式不同,但能协同催化水解纤维素[3]。 相似文献
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土壤因子对玉米茎腐病菌侵染的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本研究系统地将玉米茎腐病菌置于土壤条件下,研究土壤温度、湿度、酸碱度、土质等因子对病菌在土壤中生长和对寄主侵染的影响。结果表明,禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)喜欢中性土壤和低湿的环境,不耐高温,在壤土中生长较好;瓜果腐霉菌(Pythium aphanidermatum)喜欢中性土壤和高湿环境,能耐土壤高温,在砂土或粘土中生长较好。病菌对玉米幼苗的侵染受土壤温、湿度,特别是湿度条件的影响,腐霉菌在高湿条件下致病力强,发病重。土质对发病也有明显的影响,通常砂土地发病较重。 相似文献
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通过提取玉米茎腐病菌毒素粗提液,证实玉米茎腐病原菌(镰刀菌和腐霉菌为主)在镰刀菌毒素培养液、查氏培养液和普通培养液中,能产生和玉米小斑病菌毒素(简称HM毒素,下同)类似的致病毒素。该物质能抑制种子根的生长。接种在玉米叶片上能产生典型的萎蔫枯死斑;用上述3种培养液培养病原菌,产生的毒素致病力差异不显著;不同类型病原菌产生的毒素致病力和同一类型病原菌不同菌株产生的毒素致病力差异都极显著。玉米品系对茎腐病原菌产生的毒素抗病性差异也极显著。 相似文献
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寄生玉米的6种腐霉及其致病性研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
从国内12省、自治区、直辖市玉米植株上分离出腐霉菌菌株,依据形态特征、培养性状、生长抑制温度,以及产生的有性与无性器官,鉴别出6个腐霉种:棘腐霉(Pythium acanthicum Drechsler),瓜果腐霉(P.aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick),强雄腐霉(P. arrhenomanes Drechsler),禾生腐霉(P.graminicola Subramaniam),肿囊腐霉(P.inflatum Matthews),寡雄腐霉(P.oligandrum Drechsler),其中肿囊腐霉出现频率高,分布广泛。回接玉米表明,腐霉能够侵染玉米并引起病害,肿囊腐霉、禾生腐霉、强雄腐霉、棘腐霉是玉米青枯病的重要致病菌;瓜果腐霉能够引起玉米中部茎节腐烂;寡雄腐霉虽寄生玉米,但对玉米成株无致病力。 相似文献
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Polyclonal antiserum from mice immunized with extracellular proteins from Rhizoctonia solani inhibited pectinase and cellulase activities in cell free culture supernatants of Rhizoctonia solani. Spleen mRNA from these mice was used to construct a cDNA library from which antipectinase ScFv antibodies were isolated using phage display techniques. Soluble ScFv antibodies produced by individual clones in Escherichia coli inhibited polygalacturonase in the culture supernatants of a range of fungal pathogens, including ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and oomycetes. The soluble antibodies also inhibited maceration of potato tissue by these pathogens. 相似文献
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Huang HE Liu CA Lee MJ Kuo CG Chen HM Ger MJ Tsai YC Chen YR Lin MK Feng TY 《Phytopathology》2007,97(8):900-906
ABSTRACT Expression of a foreign gene to enhance plant disease resistance to bacterial pathogens is a favorable strategy. It has been demonstrated that expressing sweet pepper ferredoxin-I protein (PFLP) in transgenic plants can enhance disease resistance to bacterial pathogens that infect leaf tissue. In this study, PFLP was applied to protect tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. cherry Cln1558a) from the root-infecting pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. Independent R. solanacearum resistant T(1) lines were selected and bred to produce homozygous T(2) generations. Selected T(2) transgenic lines 24-18-7 and 26-2-1a, which showed high expression levels of PFLP in root tissue, were resistant to disease caused by R. solanacearum. In contrast, the transgenic line 23-17-1b and nontransgenic tomato, which showed low expression levels of PFLP in root tissue, were not resistant to R. solanacearum infection. The expansion of R. solanacearum populations in stem tissue of transgenic tomato line 24-18-7 was limited compared with the nontransgenic tomato Cln1558a. Using a detached leaf assay, transgenic line 24-18-7 was also resistant to maceration caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora; however, resistance to E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was less apparent in transgenic lines 26-2-1a and 23-17-1b. These results demonstrate that PFLP is able to enhance disease resistance at different levels to bacterial pathogens in individual tissue of transgenic tomato. 相似文献
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Robert A. Andersson Motomu Akita Minna Pirhonen Elin Gammelgård Jari P.T. Valkonen 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):23-28
Vascular plants have various inducible resistance mechanisms as defense against pathogens. Mosses, small nonvascular plants (subkingdom Bryophyta), have been little studied in regard to their pathogens or modes of defense. Data here show that Erwinia carotovora, a bacterial plant pathogen that causes softrot in many dicotyledonous plants, can also cause soft rot symptoms in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Infection of moss by E. carotovora required pathogenicity factors similar to those required to infect vascular plants and, again as in vascular plants, salicylic acid (SA) induced moss to inhibit tissue maceration by Erwinia. These data reveal that SA-dependent defense pathways may have evolved before differentiation of vascular and nonvascular plants. 相似文献
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D. F. Bateman 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1968,74(1):67-80
A new technique was developed for measuring the enzymatic maceration of plant tissue. When potato tissue disks were subjected to constant agitation in the presence of a “macerating enzyme” they were reduced to a suspension of single cells. the maceration process was followed by determining the increase in turbidity of reaction mixtures at 475 mμ due to the release of free cells. The process of tissue maceration as measured by this turbidimetric procedure was observed to consist of a lag phase followed by a linear phase of cell release; the length of the lag phase and the slope of the linear phase of cell release were both related to the log of the “macerating enzyme” concentration. The “macerating enzyme” ofSclerotium rolfsii was purified and identified as an endo-polygalacturonase. 相似文献
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Mycocentrospora acerina , the causal agent of liquorice rot of carrot roots, produces several cell-wall polysaccharide degrading enzymes in vitro . To assess the involvement of these enzymes in tissue invasion, the production and localization of pectin methylesterases, polygalacturonases, pectate lyases and endoglucanases were measured in root tissue infected by M. acerina . Isoelectrofocusing studies demonstrated the production of three isoforms of pectin methylesterase in healthy tissue. In infected tissue, two isoforms already observed in the culture filtrate and two novel isoforms were detected. Tissue maceration was associated with in vivo production of pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase, which were first detected on the second day whereas pectate lyase and endoglucanase activities were detected only from the fourth day after infection. Maceration was always detected ahead of the mycelium, indicating diffusion of these enzymes. 相似文献
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Sugarcane yellow leaf virus and sugarcane yellows phytoplasma: elimination by tissue culture 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
Yellow leaf syndrome (YLS) is a recently reported disease of sugarcane, characterized by yellowing of the leaves. Two pathogens: a virus, Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV); and a phytoplasma, sugarcane yellows phytoplasma (SCYP), are associated with the disease. The use of tissue culture was investigated as a means to eliminate both SCYLV and SCYP from exotic varieties undergoing quarantine in Mauritius. Of 43 varieties in quarantine, 28 were infected with SCYLV and 19 with SCYP when checked by RT–PCR and nested PCR, respectively. Seventeen varieties were coinfected with both pathogens. Thirty infected varieties were induced to form callus in vitro using leaf rolls as explants. After two subcultures, 19 varieties were successfully regenerated and tested for SCYLV and SCYP. No pathogen could be detected in any regenerated plantlets. All the regenerated plants remained free from both SCYLV and SCYP over a period of 1 year in the glasshouse, confirming that the pathogens had been eliminated by tissue culture. 相似文献
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为明确引起四川理县大白菜软腐病的病原菌种类, 从理县梭罗沟村田间采集具有典型软腐症状的大白菜病样, 采用组织分离、致病力测定、生理生化分析、形态学和分子生物学方法进行鉴定。结果表明, 分离获得的5株细菌在NA培养基上形成的菌落呈圆形、半透明、乳白色、中心突起、边缘平滑, 在半选择性培养基CVP上培养48 h后产生凹陷。5株菌均能使大白菜、胡萝卜、马铃薯和芹菜的离体组织腐烂, 接种于白菜苗后叶片呈湿腐萎蔫症状。通过大白菜叶柄接种部位形成的病斑长径来比较菌株致病力强弱, 各菌株的致病力有显著差异。基于看家基因pgi、rpoS、mdh、proA、mtlD 和icdA(NCBI登录号为OL963562~OL963571)的多基因联合系统发育树, 分离菌株与Pectobacterium versatile聚为一簇, dnaX-leuS-recA(NCBI登录号为OL963572~OL963576)的多位点序列分析(MLSA)进一步支持以上结果, 且准确性更高。分离菌株的生理生化特征与P.versatile模式菌株一致, 综上将其鉴定为P.versatile。这是我国首次报道P.versatile引起大白菜软腐病。 相似文献