共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
以末端带氨基的甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG-NH_2)、十四胺、5-氨基-1-戊醇、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯和1,3-戊二胺为原料,采用一锅法合成了一种两亲共聚物聚乙二醇-聚β-氨基酯(mPEG-PBAE),通过FT-IR、GPC、芘荧光探针对聚合物的结构、相对分子质量和临界胶束浓度(CCMC)进行了表征;以漆酚为药物模型分子,采用透析法制备了漆酚/两亲共聚物胶束,采用TEM和DLS对载药胶束的粒径、Zeta电位、形貌进行了表征,考察了载药胶束的pH响应性、体外释药性和体外抗肿瘤活性。研究结果表明:两亲共聚物mPEG-PBAE已经成功合成,重均相对分子质量为11 445,与设计的理论相对分子质量相差不大,聚合物的CCMC值为18.25 mg/L;制备得到的漆酚/两亲共聚物胶束的包封率为82.29%,载药量为23.21%,外观呈规则球形结构,大小均一,平均粒径为160.1 nm,Zeta电位值为33.6 mV,其在pH值为5.0的缓冲溶液中粒径增大明显高于pH值为6.5和7.4的缓冲溶液,具有明显的pH响应性;当pH值为5.0、6.5和7.4时,72 h内累计释药率分别为98.7%、61.6%和31.5%;载药胶束对HepG2和A549肿瘤细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为1.38和0.87 mg/L,体外抗肿瘤活性明显优于游离漆酚。 相似文献
2.
在氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(LiCl/DMAc)体系中,利用2-溴代异丁酰溴与纤维素的直接酯化反应首先合成了具有不同引发点数量的ATRP大分子引发剂(cell-Br);然后以CuBr/PMDETA为催化体系,cell-Br为引发剂,将2-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯通过原子转移自由基聚合ATRP法接枝到纤维素的大分子骨架上合成纤维素-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯接枝共聚物(cellulose-g-PHEMA)。通过FT-IR,1H NMR,GPC和TGA对cell-Br和cellulose-g-PHEMA的结构和性能进行分析,并利用动态光散射(DLS),原子力显微镜(AFM),透射电镜(TEM)观察了cellulose-g-PHEMA的微观形貌,结果表明cellulose-g-PHEMA易于组装成直径约180 nm的球形胶束。 相似文献
3.
采用反相悬浮聚合法制备微晶纤维素丙烯酸酯复合微球,在油水比(O/W,质量比)为2.4:1.烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)质量比为4:1,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)与N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)为35:15:3和搅拌速率为200-400 r/min条件下,可以得到微晶纤维素丙烯酸酯复合微球.而且对微球的内部结构、性能和微晶纤维素反应前后结晶度进行了分析.结果表明,微晶纤维素参与了交联并被包埋在聚丙烯酸酯内部.将粒径为85 nm左右的复合微球与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混制备膜塑料,可以得到弯曲性能优异、吸水率低的黄色半透明的模塑料. 相似文献
4.
5.
采用质量分数55%硫酸水解碱处理芦苇浆制备纳米纤维素,研究反应时间、反应温度和碱处理时间对纳米纤维素得率及其平均粒径变化的影响。单因素试验最优制备条件为碱处理时间1.0 h,反应温度60℃,反应时间2.0 h,纳米纤维素得率为54.50%,平均粒径为156.9 nm;通过傅里叶红外和X射线衍射分析,结果表明碱处理芦苇浆制备纳米纤维素为纤维素Ⅱ型。在单因素试验基础上进行正交优化试验,对纳米纤维素得率而言,正交优化最佳工艺条件为碱处理时间1.0 h,反应温度60℃,反应时间3.0 h,此条件下纳米纤维素得率最高,为55.64%,平均粒径为166.3 nm。 相似文献
6.
将罗望子多糖胶粉分别在50和100℃(TSP50和TSP100)条件下分级提取与纯化,其提取得率分别为28.71%和36.24%。X射线衍射图谱结果表明,在100℃下提取的罗望子多糖分级组分的结晶度明显高于50℃条件下提取的组分的结晶度。采用湿法造粒制备罗望子分级多糖与黄原胶不同质量配比的控释茶碱的缓释材料,并比较分析了其缓释性能。体外释药结果表明,在药物释放12 h时,仅含罗望子多糖骨架片的药物累积释放率最大,TSP50和TSP100分别达到载药量的93.4%和81.6%。当罗望子多糖和黄原胶的质量比例为40∶60时,TSP50和TSP100的药物累积释放量最小,分别为67.2%和67.4%,表现出最为持续的药物释放性能。溶胀性能结果表明,罗望子多糖和黄原胶质量比例为40∶60时,制备的骨架片均在溶胀6 h时表现出最高溶胀率,TSP50和TSP100溶胀率分别为285%和312%。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
通过聚合反应制得一种端氨基超支化聚合物(HBP-NH_2),并以桉木浆为原料,经超声波辅助-TEMPO氧化制得羧基化纳米纤维素(CNC)、再经高碘酸钠氧化制得双醛基纳米纤维素(DNC),最后利用HBP-NH_2对DNC进行氨基化改性,得到端氨基超支化聚合物接枝双醛基纳米纤维素(HBPN-DNC),并对反应条件进行优化,当10%的HBP-NH_2溶液加入量为10 mL,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4 h时N元素质量分数最高,达到6.0%。采用多种方法对纳米纤维素的结构和性能进行了表征,结果表明:氨基成功地接枝到了纳米纤维素链上,使得分子链变长,HBPN-DNC的热稳定性提高。HBPN-DNC对Ni(II)的吸附性能研究表明:室温条件下,当HBPN-DNC吸附剂用量为0.1 g,溶液初始质量浓度为500 mg/L且pH值为5.0的条件下吸附3 h,吸附量为150.21 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学吸附模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明其吸附过程主要为单分子层的化学吸附。 相似文献
10.
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献