共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
谷子雄性不育系利用及存在问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
谷子雄性不育系利用为谷子杂交育种开启了一扇大门,有效地挖掘了谷子的生产潜力,为谷子产量的提高提供了有效的途径。然而,杂交谷子的产业化进程仍较缓慢,还存在一系列问题亟待解决。文章总结了我国在谷子雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究方面所取得的重要进展,对谷子杂种优势利用中的一些主要问题进行分析,并对今后谷子研究育种提出展望。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
克隆谷子雄性不育材料1066A的不育基因,分析不育基因与可育基因存在的突变位点,为揭示谷子雄性不育分子机制、利用分子标记辅助选择方法选育多用途的不育材料奠定基础。利用谷子全基因组测序数据及前人不育基因定位结果克隆谷子雄性不育材料1066A的雄性不育基因,发掘导致不育的突变位点,旨在为从分子水平揭示谷子不育机制、利用分子标记辅助选择方法选育多用途的不育材料奠定基础。首先利用生物信息学方法从豫谷1号6号染色体找到1个雄性不育基因位点(Si015780m.g),该基因全长5 027个碱基,编码479个氨基酸,且位于前人用分子标记定位的基因组区间内。根据豫谷1号不育基因序列设计2对特异引物在雄性不育材料1066A的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。将扩增产生的2个基因组片段进行拼接后在谷子不育材料1066A中获得2 561 bp的基因序列,包含了下游部分编码区。通过对豫谷1号、张谷、1066A的不育基因部分编码序列及推定的蛋白质序列进行比对分析,结果发现谷子不育材料1066A的不育基因编码序列存在3处突变:2处单碱基替换和1处单碱基插入,这3处突变导致谷子不育材料1066A的不育基因蛋白的第402,403个氨基酸由异亮氨酸和亮氨酸替换成缬氨酸和异亮氨酸,同时导致其不育基因编码的蛋白在第466个氨基酸处发生提前终止。3处突变中2处氨基酸替换对编码蛋白的功能影响不大,因此,认为谷子不育材料1066A的不育基因蛋白翻译提前终止可能是导致其产生不育的原因。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
作物显性核不育基因的分类起源及在杂种生产中利用的可能性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
细胞核雄性不育,即核不育,是由核基因控制的雄性不育现象,已经在玉米、棉花、谷子、水稻、小麦、大麦、油菜、番茄、大白菜和洋葱等许多作物上发现或诱导出这种雄性不育类型。在核不育材料中,多数是由隐性基因控制的,只有极少数受控于显性基因。在我国,由于显性核不育材料—太谷核不育小麦的发现和研究工作的深入,推动…… 相似文献
10.
茉莉酸甲酯对谷子颖花开放的诱导效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以谷子为试材,发现:4mmol/L的MeJA浸穗处理对谷子的颖花开放有显著的诱导效应,在离体穗情况下4mmol/L的MeJA处理谷穗后6h谷子雄性不育系高117A的颖花开放率为37.4%,比对照(水处理的)增加23.2%,高146的颖花开放率为25.8%,比对照增加13.7%,恢复系晋谷34的开颖率为23.6%,比对照增加8.8%。在连体穗情况下4mmol/L的MeJA处理谷穗后260min谷子雄性不育系高117A的颖花开放率为42.6%,比对照(水处理的)增加37.5%,高146的颖花开放率为35.6%,比对照增加30.0%,恢复系晋谷34的开颖率为16.0%,比对照增加6.2%。 相似文献
11.
用小黑麦显性核雄性不育系与具有不同性状的小黑麦杂交和回交,建成群体进行轮回选择。经两轮轮选,发现利用轮选改进小黑麦籽粒饱满度(小黑麦育种中限制因素)比用常规系选快一倍。虽然在八倍体核不育系与六倍体小黑麦杂交群体中,随着世代的增加不育株在群体中所占比例逐渐减少,但也有少数后代仍保持1F:1S 的分离比例。说明利用 相似文献
12.
小麦抗赤霉病基因库研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
利用太谷核不育小麦,进行多亲本杂交,按不同的方式组建基础群体,采用不同的选择方法和选择强度,分别进行轮回选择。对长期库GPO和近期库GPE、GPII、GPIII等4个不同轮选群体,于1989/1990和1990/1991年在南京进行了研究。群体平均抗赤霉病性GPIII较强,GPII较弱。各群体当选优良可育株平均病粒数（率）GPIII较低,但其后代 相似文献
13.
Summary Scab caused by Gibberella zeae Petch., in common wheat, is one of the most severe diseases in China. A source population C0, bred for scab resistance, was developed through three cycles of multiple-parent crossing and intercrossing by means of the dominant male-sterile gene Ta1 (Ms2), according to Wu's scheme. Phenotypic recurrent selection methods for increasing the resistance to scab-infection of spikelets and seeds with the male-sterile plants were carried out simultaneously in Nanjing and Shanghai and at Jianyang, Fujian Province, for three cycles. The generations from C0 to C3 and two check cultivars were evaluated, using a randomized block design, under conditions of an artificially induced epidemic of scab during 1988–1990. The results indicate that there were significant differences in the resistance to scab between these generations. On average, the percentages of diseased spikelets and seeds of the male-fertile plants were reduced by 9% and 10%, respectively. The frequency of resistant plants was distinctly enhanced by recurrent selection. Analysis of variance showed that no significant differences existed between cycles of recurrent selection in agronomic characters such as plant height, spikes per plant, spike length, numbers of spikelets and seeds per spike, weight of seeds per spike and 100-kernel weight, days to heading and to maturity. Except for plant height, most of these traits tended to be slightly improved with improvement of resistance in the gene pool. The variance for resistance in the generations was decreased under selection. Recurrent selection for scab resistance using the dominant male-sterile gene Ta1 (Ms2) was both an effective and feasible breeding method for producing this character in wheat. 相似文献
14.
Rafiq Ahmad Mahmood-ul- Hassan Ghanan B. Akhtar Sadia Saeed Sabaz A. Khan Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah Nadeem Khan 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):988-995
Onion is one of the major vegetable crops in terms of production as well as consumption. In the current research, available onion genetic stock was evaluated to identify male-sterile lines and produce high-yielding F1 hybrids for future breeding programmes. A mitochondrial DNA-based marker was mapped and correlated with phenotypic traits to isolate male-sterile plants. Based on the floral and pollen structure, nine putative male-sterile lines were identified. On the other hand, for nuclear marker identification at Ms locus, two sets of primers were used, one for Ms dominant allele and another for sterile and maintainer plants. Results revealed that 70% of open pollinated varieties (OPVs) possess plants with sterile cytoplasm coupled with genetic sterility at Ms locus, called sterile “A” line. Approximately 20% of plants in some genotypes were identified with normal (N) cytoplasm having recessive fertility gene at Ms locus, called maintainer “B” line. Based on the present findings, “A”, “B” and “R” (restorer line), future F1 hybrid seed production systems in onion is discussed. 相似文献
15.
16.
Summary Research on 16 sources of pollen fertility restoration revealed that this character was controlled in eight cases by one single dominant gene, in three cases by two complementary genes, in four cases by three complementary genes and in one case by the cumulative action of two nonallelic dominant genes.The presence of minor genes for restoration in the genotype of the fertile analogue B could effect partial fertility restoration in the cytoplasmic male-sterile line A, especially in late backcrosses, when its genotype becomes saturated with such polygenes.A second major gene Rf
2 was identified among the investigated monogenic restorer sources. 相似文献
17.
小麦细胞质雄性不育系、保持系花药三个不同发育时期的邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶存在明显差异,不育系中的同工酶谱带数多于保持系.考虑到小麦细胞质雄性不育系的细胞核与保持系相同,但具有与保持系不相同的不育细胞质,故邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶可能与植物的雄性不育特性有某种联系.雌蕊中的邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶在不育系与保持系间基本相同,这可能与雌蕊中不育系、保持系间的核质组成相同有关,这一事实似乎从另一侧面说明了邻苯二酚氧化酶与不育特性存在着某种联系. 相似文献
18.
为了研究杂交组合(高146A×K103)的P1、P2、F1和F2 世代群体对不育系高146A早抽穗性状的遗传特点,本研究利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,并且采用χ2测验方法对不育基因与早抽穗控制基因间的遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明：高146A早抽穗性状表现为一数量性状,其遗传符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因 加性-显性多基因遗传模型,以主基因作用为主,多基因的作用相对较小,其中一对主基因的加性、显性起主要作用,另一个主基因的显性和上位性效有较大作用;在F2群体中,雄性不育和早抽穗两性状共有早熟可育、早熟不育、晚熟可育和晚熟不育等四种表型,表型分离比例符合三对基因独立遗传分配规律(分离比例为39：13：9：3;χ2=3.18 <χ20.05=7.81),这些结果表明控制该雄性不育系高146A的不育和早抽穗性状的三对基因为独立遗传,无连锁关系。 相似文献
19.