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三峡库区珍稀濒危陆生脊椎动物现状及其保护对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
三峡库区曾经是我国生物多样性非常丰富的地区之一，三峡工程的修建对库区珍稀濒危陆生脊椎动物将产生一定的影响。三峡库区共有陆生脊椎动物523种，国家级保护动物有10目19科64种，其中I级保护物种8种，Ⅱ级保护物种55种，中国特有种9目18科47种，既是特有种又是珍稀濒危动物的物种有4目5科8种。本文在综述三峡库区珍稀濒危陆生脊椎动物多样性特点，即区系复杂与组成多样性、成分特有及分布不均匀性的基础上，分析了库区陆生脊椎动物致危原因和目前所采取的一系列保护措施中所存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的保护对策。 相似文献
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《广西林业》2013,(10):48-48
2013年9月13日，由中国野生动物保护协会、国际野生动物贸易研究组织和世界自然基金会联合举办的“生态中国·野性之美”宣传活动暨全国保护野生动物宣传月启动仪式在北京举行。中国是世界上野生动物种类最丰富的国家之一，已记录的脊椎动物约6500多种，约占世界脊椎动物种类总数的10％。其中，大熊猫、金丝猴、华南虎、朱鹦、扬子鳄等470多种陆栖脊椎动物是仅分布于中国的特有物种。中国政府十分重视野生动物保护工作，1950年发布了《稀有生物保护办法》，1956年国务院批准建立中国第一批自然保护区。1999年10月，国家林业局对今后50年的全国野生动植物及自然保护区建设进行了全面规划和工程建设安排。2001年6月由国家林业局组织编制的《全国野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程总体规划》得到国家计委正式批准，标志着中国野生动植物保护和自然保护区建设新纪元的开始。 相似文献
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通过对淮南市八公山森林公园植物物种的调查,结果表明：公山森林公园植物资源丰富,现有植物127种,分布于65科,109属。其中蕨类植物6种,占物种总数的4．72％;裸子植物11种,占物种总数的8．66％;被子植物110种,占物种总数的86．61％;药用植物74种,占物种总数的58．27％。根据药用植物资源现状,对其利用和保护提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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一、我省野生动物资源概况广东地处热带亚热带,高温多雨,从北到南分布着亚热带森林生态系统和热带森林生态系统,还有南海诸岛珊瑚常绿林和沿海海岸红树林生态系统。在这些生态系统中哺育着众多的野生动物种群,使我省拥有丰富的野生动物资源。据调查统计,全省有陆栖脊椎动物800多种(海南岛500多种),其中,兽类120多种(海南岛82种),约占全国总数的1/4;鸟类500多种(海南岛352种),约占全国总数的1/2;爬行类146种(海南岛102种),约占全国总数的1/2;两栖类52种(海南岛36种),约占全国总数的1/4。在我省800多种陆栖脊椎动物中,具有经济价值的动物有80多种。价值较高的鸟类有大毛鸡、小毛鸡、绿翅鸭、豆雁、鹬、鹀 相似文献
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祁连山珍稀濒危野生动物保护战略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区有陆栖脊椎动物4纲、22目、52科、219种。自上世纪60年代开始由于人为干扰和破坏,野生动物资源遭到严重破毁,分布范围大幅度缩减,数量急剧下降,部分动物（如雪豹、金雕等）处于濒临灭绝的境地。为此,我们针对祁连山的实际情况提出了：就地保护与异地保护的资源保护战略思想;以及规范珍稀濒危野生动物人工驯养繁殖单位,引进先进技术和设备进行规模化生产,加强珍稀濒危野生动物的科学研究等资源利用战略思想。 相似文献
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祁连山是甘肃河西人民的命根子、生命线。祁连山国家级自然保护区总面积265．3万公顷,现有林地91．5万公顷,森林覆盖率24．4％。有高等植物95科455属1311种,陆栖脊椎动物286种,国家保护的一、二级动物53种,是西北地区重要的种质资源库和遗传基因库,是我国生物多样性保护的重要基地,也是国际生物多样性保护的重点区域。保护区内分布有黑河、石羊河和疏勒河三大水系56条内陆河流,年出山径流量约72．6亿立方米,灌溉着河西走廊的70多万公顷良田,养育着400多万河西人民,保证着河西地区工业用水和生产用水。 相似文献
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2015年7月至2017年5月,分别对文昌东北部森林生态系统5个不同植被类型监测样地共进行了10次动物全面的系统调查,调查结果:陆栖脊椎动物4纲17目32科72种。其中两栖纲1目2科2种;爬行纲1目1科1种;鸟纲13目28科66种;哺乳纲2目2科3种。在72种脊椎动物中,有国家Ⅱ保护动物有9种,省级保护动物24种,被列入中国红皮书名录的有5种,被列入CITES附录Ⅱ的物种有6种。该区域5个不同植被类型监测样地的动物主要以鸟类为主,共有66种,占调查记录到物种数的91.67%。两栖、爬行及兽类调查记录的物种数较少。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献