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盐碱地马铃薯品种适应性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
盐碱地对马铃薯的出苗，生长以及产量均有很大的影响。该试验采用轻盐碱和重盐碱２组设计，对马铃薯品种进行适应性鉴定，诬蔑科选出适应性强，表现好的优良种质，以解决青海省西部大部分盐碱地品种缺乏的问题。 相似文献
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马铃薯耐盐性的研究大部分集中在NaCl上,极少数进行了抗NaHCO3的研究,本研究利用不同浓度NaHCO3和不同pH的培养基对15个主栽马铃薯品种试管苗进行了25 d胁迫试验,鉴定和筛选抗苏打盐碱性较强的品种。结果表明:盐碱胁迫下各品种生长均受到不同程度抑制。晋薯2号在较重的盐碱处理中成活率比较高,株高、生物产量与对照差异不明显,抗苏打盐碱性强于其它几个品种。。 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫严重影响农作物的生长发育，制约农作物产能的提升。本试验以国内外引进的40份小麦品种（系）和新疆2个主栽品种为材料，在0、300、600、900 mmol·L-1 NaCl浓度下模拟盐胁迫环境，研究不同浓度NaCl对小麦芽期农艺表现的影响，以期筛选出耐盐小麦品种。结果表明，测定的8项生长指标在42份种质资源之间存在显著差异。通过相关性分析、主成分分析、相对耐盐系数以及综合耐盐系数分析，鉴定出1份极耐盐品种（宁春45），1份耐盐品种（新冬39），2份较耐盐品种（濮兴5号和济麦21），这4份种质材料可用于南疆盐碱地小麦耐盐品种选育。 相似文献
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马铃薯品种Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ和中薯２号的扦插苗和脱毒小薯分别播种在含有０，０．２％，０．４％和０．６％ＮａＣｌ盐的土壤中，以研究盐对它们出苗生长率及结薯的影响，结果表明，随着盐浓度的升高，扦插苗和小薯的生长均因之受到相应的抑制，表现在出苗迟缓，成活率低，植株矮小等方面，扦插苗对盐的敏感性大于小薯，因此笔者认为，从现有的品种（系）中筛选抗（耐）盐品种（系）从扦插苗做起可为以后的田间筛选做好准备。 相似文献
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黑龙江省西部地区有典型的碳酸盐土地701万亩,土壤pH8.5左右,严重影响大豆出苗和生长,导致产量低下,为开发利用盐碱地,扩大提高当地大豆面积和产量,选育抗盐碱大豆品种是非常必要的,为此,我们进行了大豆种质资源抗盐碱鉴定筛选。 本试验于1986～1991年在哈尔滨黑龙江省农科院盆栽场及安达盐碱土所试验地对 相似文献
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马铃薯作为云南省仅次于玉米和水稻的第三大粮食作物,其产业是促进贫困地区农民增收和高原特色农业发展的重要支柱性产业。为进一步优化品种结构和产业布局,采用云南省农业科学院自主选育的51个马铃薯品种作为试验材料,在云南省马铃薯冬作代表区域德宏自治州进行品种比较试验,分析种薯在不同处理方式下打破休眠对出苗及产量的影响,并分析农艺性状之间的相关性。试验采用二因素条区试验设计。A因素为品种,51个品种依据其相应特性分成5组,即示范组、加工组、冬作组、大春组和特色组;B因素为种薯处理方式,分为3种方法,即种薯在室温下自然打破休眠、使用1%硫脲+20 mg/L GA3浸泡30 min催芽打破休眠和收获后放入4～6℃冷库自然打破休眠。运用主成分分析和隶属函数分析进行农艺性状与产量综合评价。3种不同处理方式间马铃薯产量差异极显著（F=9.713,P <0.001）,不同分组之间的产量差异也极显著（F=17.134,P <0.001）。苗势与长势之间存在极显著正相关,苗势与单株结薯数之间存在显著正相关,单株产量、大薯率、块茎大小以及商品薯率4个性状之间存在极显著正相关,而长势与收获成熟度之间存在... 相似文献
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本试验采用裂区试验设计。以品种（系）为主区因素、密度为副区因素，研究７个４Ｘ—２Ｘ选系（Ａ１～Ａ７）及其４Ｘ亲本东衣３０３（Ａ８）以及密度（Ｂ１～Ｂ３）对产量和产量性状的影响。品种（系）间在小区总量、小区块茎数、小区商品薯重、小区商品薯数方面差异极显著。Ａ６品系小区块茎数极显著的低于东农３０３，但小区总产、小区商品薯重、小区商品薯数和东农３０３差异没有达到极显著水平．不同密度对小区总产和小区块茎数的影响分别达到了显著和极显著的水平，但对小区商品薯重和小区商品薯数没有显著的影响。较高密度下（Ｂ１，株距３０ｃｍ）小区总产和小区块茎数极显著高于Ｂ２（株距３５ｃｍ）和Ｂ３（株距４０ｃｍ）。在小区块茎数方面，品种（系）×密度互作显著。 相似文献
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【目的】研究滴灌条件下不同土壤质地对水稻苗期根系生长和分布的影响,揭示土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期生长的重要作用,阐明滴灌水稻苗期生长发育机理。【方法】在石河子大学试验场采用盆栽土柱试验,设置重壤土、轻壤土、砂土共3个处理,每个处理重复3次,在播后10、20、30、40 d取样,对比不同处理出苗率、根系形态、生物量、根系活力、根系分布等指标,分析不同土壤条件对滴灌水稻苗期根系生长及分布的影响。【结果】砂土平均出苗率比重壤土、轻壤土分别高15.21和4.6个百分点;计算各项指标40 d平均值可知,重壤土处理根数比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高26.73%和15.67%;重壤土处理平均根长比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高4.52%和13.92%;重壤土处理根系体积比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高18.53%和43.15%;砂土处理最长根长比重壤土、轻壤土处理分别高38.44%和12.69%;重壤土处理总生物量比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高19.76%和41.48%。重壤土处理根系生物量比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高14.98%和35.83%。苗期根系活力表现为重壤土>轻壤土>砂土,重壤土处理40 d内平均根系活力比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高3.54%和13.91%;滴灌水稻苗期根系分布情况表现为前期水稻根系集中在0-5 cm土层中,后期根系开始逐渐分布于0-20 cm土层。【结论】不同的土壤质地对滴灌水稻出苗率、根系形态、生物量、根系活力和根系分布影响显著。因此,滴灌水稻的种植推广过程中,不同土壤质地应采取不同的播种量和相应的栽培措施,才能达到滴灌水稻的优质、高产和高效的目标。 相似文献
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F. Gay I. Maraval S. Roques Z. Gunata R. Boulanger A. Audebert C. Mestres 《Field Crops Research》2010
Aromatic quality of rice grains is known to vary greatly with environmental factors and cultivation methods. Among the environmental factors, soil salinity is thought to have a positive impact on the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in grains, the key volatile compound of rice aroma. This study compared 2AP content in grains of three improved fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties grown in two fields, differing mainly in their soil salinity level. The impact of salinity on yield and main yield components was also investigated to understand the relationship between aromatic quality and yield build-up. Soil salinity was monitored by measuring the electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution samples extracted every week. 2AP content in grains was determined by a newly developed stable isotope dilution method involving solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC MS/MS analysis. The results showed an increase of 2AP content in grains with salinity for the three varieties. The relationship between 2AP and mean EC of the crop fitted a single model for the three varieties (R2 = 0.728). In contrast, the impact of salinity on yield and yield components differed greatly between the three varieties. One variety appeared to be very sensitive to salt stress, with significant yield loss up to 40%, while the two other varieties proved to be resistant to the salinity levels experienced by the plants, with no significant yield loss or even higher yields in saline conditions. Nevertheless, the three varieties presented a significant negative correlation between 1000 grain weight (TGW) and the mean EC of the crop, and between TGW and 2AP content. It was concluded that the increase of 2AP content with salinity resulted partially from a 2AP concentration mechanism in smaller size grains. The direct effect of salinity on 2AP synthesis through stimulation of the proline metabolism is further discussed. 相似文献
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Effects of saline irrigation water and heat waves on potato production in an arid environment 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Production of spring potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Désirée) on a deep sandy soil in the central highland of the Negev desert of Israel under drip irrigation with saline water (up to 6.2 dS m−1) was studied in the years 1992–1997. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of saline water irrigation on potato production in an arid environment with special focus on the interactions with weather conditions. Although yields were often high, salinity effects were evident in some years. Thus 1992 and 1996 yields were 6–7 kg m−2 and showed no significant effect of salinity, while a pronounced drop in yield with increasing salinity was observed in 1993 and 1994. Analysis of weather data for 1993–1994 suggests that the decline in yield was due to interactions between saline irrigation and prolonged heat wave events occurring during crop development. Further experimental work (1997) revealed that tuber yield was most sensitive to combined salt and heat stress when heat waves occurred at 40–60 days after emergence. The combined stress apparently leads to the collapse of mechanisms for avoiding salt accumulation in young expanding leaves, resulting in failure of vegetative growth recovery and a consequent reduction in the leaf area index and canopy functioning. The relationship between tuber sink demand and available photoassimilate supply at certain stages of plant development is discussed with reference to the ability of the potato plant to recover from the combined stress. 相似文献
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Simulation for response of crop yield to soil moisture and salinity with artificial neural network 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In saline fields, irrigation management often requires understanding crop responses to soil moisture and salt content. Developing models for evaluating the effects of soil moisture and salinity on crop yield is important to the application of irrigation practices in saline soil. Artificial neural network (ANN) and multi-linear regression (MLR) models respectively with 10 (ANN-10, MLR-10) and 6 (ANN-6, MLR-6) input variables, including soil moisture and salinity at crop different growth stages, were developed to simulate the response of sunflower yield to soil moisture and salinity. A connection weight method is used to understand crop sensitivity to soil moisture and salt stress of different growth stages. Compared with MLRs, both ANN models have higher precision with RMSEs of 1.1 and 1.6 t ha−1, REs of 12.0% and 17.3%, and R2 of 0.84 and 0.80, for ANN-10 and ANN-6, respectively. The sunflower sensitivity to soil salinity varied with the different soil salinity ranges. For low and medium saline soils, sunflower yield was more sensitive at crop squaring stage, but for high saline soil at seedling stage. High soil moisture content could compensate the yield decrease resulting from salt stress regardless of salt levels at the crop sowing stage. The response of sunflower yield to soil moisture at different stages in saline soils can be understood through the simulated results of ANN-6. Overall, the ANN models are useful for investigating and understanding the relationship between crop yield and soil moisture and salinity at different crop growth stages. 相似文献
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为明确种植水稻对陕北盐碱地土壤理化性质的影响,并筛选适宜陕北地区种植的耐盐渍水稻品种,进一步探索陕北盐碱地改良利用方式,以陕西省定边县堆子梁镇营盘梁村土地开发项目为契机,开展大田试验。结果表明,水稻种植可以显著改善盐碱地表层（0~20 cm）土壤的理化性质,表层土壤pH值和含盐量较未种植水稻前分别降低5.7%和25.5%,全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量则分别提高117.3%、45.9%、27.7%和67.3%。另外,种植不同水稻品种对盐碱地土壤酸碱度和含盐量影响基本无差异,但对表层土壤养分含量影响存在一定差异,水稻收获后,种植东稻4号的土壤全氮、有效磷含量最高,种植宁粳28的土壤有机质含量最高。隆优619产量较宁粳28、东稻4号分别提高4.96%和42.78%。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):299-315
Summary The production of sunflower grains for roasting was investigated in two soil types under different quantities of applied saline and non-saline irrigation water, different irrigation managements, soil salinity due to previous use of saline water or due to a raised water table. It was shown in one experiment, conducted in a loess type soil, that sunflowers extracted water at least to a soil depth of 120 cm, when the available water from the top layers was used up. The crop in this soil consumed all the available soil water from nearly the entire root zone, while in the clay soil limited water was consumed from deep layers, due to the high salinity and lack of aeration. No decrease in yield was found in the loess soil when 75% of the full amount of water (which was 0.8 of Class A pan evaporation rate) was applied. When only 50% was applied a significant decrease in yield was obtained. In contrast, in the clay soil even 75% of the full amount of water decreased the yield remarkably. Under dry-land conditions approximately 65% of maximum yield was found in the loess soil but only 45% in the clay soil. These differences are all attributed to a shallow active root system in the clay soil. Residual soil salinity from previously use of saline water had no effect on grain production in the loess soil, while saline irrigation water applied during the irrigation season decreased production, but only when water supply was not rate limiting. The combination of saline water and residual soil salinity had a marked effect on the decrease of grain yield under limited irrigation. In both soils a reduction in the amount of water applied per single irrigation and maintaining the entire irrigation period caused a significantly smaller decrease in yield than shortening the irrigation period and applying the full demand. 相似文献
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Early plastic mulching increases stand establishment and lint yield of cotton in saline fields 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Row covering with polyethylene film (plastic mulching) is a common practice for improving emergence, plant growth and yield of cotton in China. This is usually applied after sowing (conventional mulching, CM), but pre-sowing evaporation in spring would cause accumulation of salts and moisture loss in the surface layer of saline soils. Two experiments were conducted in Yellow River delta from 2004 to 2005 and during 2006, respectively to determine if row covering with plastic film 30 d before sowing (early mulching, EM) supports better productivity of cotton than CM in saline fields. In the first experiment, we studied the effects of EM versus CM and no-mulching (NM), on soil microclimate, seedling physiology, cotton yield and earliness. The second experiment was conducted in seven sites to compare cotton yield between the two mulching systems. Results from the first experiment showed that both EM and CM could effectively improve stand establishment, plant growth, earliness and lint yield of cotton relative to NM control. However, compared with CM, EM increased stand establishment rate by 11.4% and plant biomass by 9.9% and lint yield by 7.1%. EM, relative to CM and NM, increased the photosynthesis (Pn) rate 6.8% and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration 7.4% and Na+ level 8%. These improvements were due mainly to delayed accumulation of salts, elevation of soil temperature and reduction of moisture loss with EM. The revenue from EM was higher than that from CM and NM, suggesting the increased yield by EM was enough compensate for additional costs. The multi-site experiment in 2006 showed that the yield advantage of EM over CM was not significant in two sites with lower salinity (ECe = ∼6 dS/m), but substantial (from 9 to 14%) in five sites with higher salinity (ECe = 10–12 dS/m). The overall results suggest that EM is a promising cotton production technique in the saline Yellow River Delta and other cotton-growing areas with similar ecologies. 相似文献
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A. Zaleski 《Grass and Forage Science》1959,14(4):277-284
During 1955–8 the technique of lucerne seed production was examined to compare the yield of seed and fodder under identical treatments on light and heavy soil. In addition, direct combine harvesting was compared with the tripod method.
With the exception of the first year, which suggested certain advantages in seed production on light soil, the results obtained were not conclusive because of damage to the seed crop on light soil. The previous finding, that the best yield and quality of seed are secured from the first growth, were confirmed. It was shown that the aftermath could be cut in the autumn without a significant effect on the yield of seed, or persistency of the stand in subsequent years, and that the total yield of fodder was higher on heavy than on light soil.
Direct combine harvesting of a seed crop after pre-harvest desiccation (4.8 lb. of D.N.O.C. in 30 gal. of water per acre), proved to be a satisfactory harvesting method when facilities for drying the seed were available.
Observations on pollinating insects suggested that honey bees were mainly responsible for the amount of seed set. 相似文献
With the exception of the first year, which suggested certain advantages in seed production on light soil, the results obtained were not conclusive because of damage to the seed crop on light soil. The previous finding, that the best yield and quality of seed are secured from the first growth, were confirmed. It was shown that the aftermath could be cut in the autumn without a significant effect on the yield of seed, or persistency of the stand in subsequent years, and that the total yield of fodder was higher on heavy than on light soil.
Direct combine harvesting of a seed crop after pre-harvest desiccation (4.8 lb. of D.N.O.C. in 30 gal. of water per acre), proved to be a satisfactory harvesting method when facilities for drying the seed were available.
Observations on pollinating insects suggested that honey bees were mainly responsible for the amount of seed set. 相似文献
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麦茬处理方式对夏花生播种质量与前期生长及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨适合河南省花生夏直播的麦茬处理方式,采用大田试验,研究了麦茬处理方式（平茬、灭茬＋旋耕、灭茬＋犁耙）对夏花生播种质量和生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,旋耕和犁耙后土壤较虚,播种较深,平茬土壤较紧实,播种较浅,3种麦茬处理方式播种深度虽有显著差异,但基本符合花生播种深度的要求。麦茬处理方式对每2m长的播种穴数影响较小,对每2m长的出苗数影响较大,以旋耕处理2m内出苗株数最少。苗期花生株高、单株鲜重均以平茬处理最高;花针期株高、单株鲜重和单株干重以犁耙处理最高。花生产量以犁耙处理最高,平茬产量较低。综合而言,以小麦秸秆用粉碎机械灭茬、再犁地耙平后机播的麦茬处理方式增产效果最佳。 相似文献
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Pérez Bravo Ongaro Castagnaro L. García Seffino & Taleisnik 《Grass and Forage Science》1999,54(4):289-296
Variability in the response to salinity within Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) germplasm was evaluated under field conditions, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic relatedness among cultivars/accessions. RAPD analysis showed a clustering of cultivars of known relatedness: cv. Pioneer and accessions Local and Trancas (derived from an old Pioneer pasture established in saline soil) belonged to the same cluster, Katambora to another and tetraploid Boma and Callide could be further separated, Boma belonging to a fourth, distant cluster. Field experiments were laid out in two types of plots: control [with electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (EC) = 3·64 dS m−1 ] and saline (EC=13·10 dS m−1 ) and two experiments were carried out: one to evaluate the effects of salinity on emergence and establishment, and the other, with a uniform number of plants per plot, to evaluate yield under saline conditions. All cultivars/accessions had salinity-associated decreases in dry-matter (DM) production during the establishment phase. After this stage, 1-year DM yield was similar in all cultivars within each salinity level and production in the saline plots was significantly lower than in controls only in cv. Callide and accession Trancas. Second-year production in the non-saline plots increased by 30% on average over the previous year, whereas an average 40% reduction was observed in the saline plots. Thus, salinity had a negative effect on Rhodes grass establishment and persistence. The cultivars could not be ranked unequivocally by production under saline conditions, but tetraploids Boma and Callide may be said to be less tolerant than the rest on the basis of an increased proportion of dead leaves and decreased number of stolons observed in the saline plot. 相似文献