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1.
在对广东省主要珍贵树种上的线虫进行调查时从格木Erythrophleum fordii上分离到一种隐皮孢囊线虫,经形态特征观察和测量数据分析,将其鉴定为卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫Cryphodera kalesari。其诊断特征为:雌虫椭圆形至近球形,头部具有1个唇盘和2～3个唇环,口针长33.6～37.8μm,阴门唇突出,阴门与肛门之间区域凹陷,肛阴距为42～72μm;2龄幼虫头部具1个明显的唇盘和3个唇后环纹,口针长24.8～29.5μm,口针基部球前缘凹陷,侧区3条侧线,尾长圆锥形,长38～53.5μm,尾末端细圆,透明尾长17.1～25.1μm,侧尾腺孔位于肛门后2～5环;雄虫未发现。本研究首次获得了卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫的rDNA(LSU D2D3和ITS)序列,为此线虫的鉴定提供了可靠的分子数据。本研究还分析了卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫与本属其他种类的系统进化关系。卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫为中国的地理新记录种。格木为隐皮孢囊线虫的新寄主。 相似文献
2.
山东省寄生烟草的孢囊线虫种类鉴定及种内群体间rDNA-ITS-RFLP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在山东省5个植烟县/市采集烟草线虫土壤样本24份,其中10份土样中分离到孢囊线虫的孢囊,对之进行系统的形态学观测。孢囊阴门锥突出,双半膜孔,下桥和泡囊发达,阴门裂长（44.1±3.5） μm,阴门窗长（50.4±4.8） μm、宽（36.6±4.1） μm,下桥长（83.8±4.7） μm、宽（11.0±0.9） μm。利用大豆孢囊线虫特异性引物对分离到的孢囊线虫群体进行了分子鉴定。形态学和分子鉴定结果表明,山东省寄生烟草的孢囊线虫为大豆孢囊线虫Heterodera glycines Ichinohe,1952。对这10个孢囊线虫群体rDNA-ITS区进行了PCR扩增产物用7种限制性内切酶进行酶切和测序比对。发现,所有孢囊线虫群体均能扩增出一条大约1 000 bp大小的片段;用Alu Ⅰ、Bsh 1236 Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ、Hha Ⅰ 、Mva Ⅰ 、Rsa Ⅰ酶切后,产生的酶切表型均相同;用Ava I酶切后,产生了2种酶切表型。所测孢囊线虫群体与GenBank收录的大豆孢囊线虫序列相似度高达99%以上。 相似文献
3.
4.
大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe,SCN)是大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merrill)生产中的毁灭性害虫,种植抗性品种是控制其危害、减少产量损失的最佳途径。本研究通过温室盆栽实验评价了300份大豆种质对大豆孢囊线虫3号和4号生理小种的抗性。分别筛选到高抗和中抗3号生理小种的大豆种质27份和21份;高抗和中抗4号生理小种的大豆种质11份和9份。在所有供试材料中有10份材料同时对大豆孢囊线虫3号和4号生理小种表现高抗。线虫侵染实验表明,抗性材料对大豆孢囊线虫的发育有阻碍作用,并能显著降低最终形成的孢囊数。 相似文献
5.
安徽省萧县禾谷类孢囊线虫发生与分布规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解安徽省萧县不同自然条件和耕作制度下禾谷类孢囊线虫(cereal cyst nematode,CCN)发生和分布规律,2007-2010年间进行了田间调查.利用随机调查法采集土样360份,用漂浮法分离孢囊,计算雌虫、孢囊的数量以及CCN发生率;每取样点选30个孢囊测计卵密度,利用频度法分析卵密度发生量(egg density occurrencequantity,EDQ)频度,以及不同自然条件和耕作制度下EDQ差异.依据孢囊阴门锥形态和de-Man法鉴定种类.结果表明,萧县马井镇麦区线虫种类为Heterodera avenae,调查田块中87％田块发生CCN,中等海拔(31～40m)田块的EDQ显著高于低海拔(21～30m)的EDQ (P＜0.05);沙土地田块中,前茬为大豆时的EDQ显著高于前茬为玉米时的EDQ (P＜0.05),不同土壤类型田块EDQ差异不显著.本文首次揭示了安徽省萧县禾谷类孢囊线虫发生和分布规律,为当地相关部门制定防治措施提供了理论依据. 相似文献
6.
拟水稻胞囊线虫阴门锥形态特征李怡珍（广州动植物检疫局５１００１０）关于拟水稻胞囊线虫Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｄｅｒａｏ－ｒｙｚｉｃｏｌａ的幼虫、雄虫、雌虫及胞囊等形态特征描述，１９８５年植物检疫第１期已作了报道。鉴定胞囊线虫的种类是以阴门锥的形态特征作为主要依据... 相似文献
7.
通过盆栽试验,测定大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines,soybean cyst nematode,SCN)大豆群体(SCNS)和烟草群体(SCN_T)对5个大豆品种(SCN生理小种鉴别寄主)和9个烟草栽培品种的寄生性。结果发现,SCNS在5个大豆品种上的平均繁殖系数(Rf=P_f/P_i)为0.60(0.14~1.90),在感病对照品种‘Lee’上平均Rf高达1.90;SCN_T在5个大豆品种上的平均Rf为0.18(0.06~0.44),在感病对照品种‘Lee’上Rf为0.44。SCNS对9个烟草品种几乎无寄生性,平均Rf为0.06(0.00~0.10);SCN_T则能寄生9个烟草品种,平均Rf为1.26(0.45~1.95)。接种35d后,在不同大豆品种根内SCNS和SCN_T的幼虫数量均极少,侵染率基本相同;在不同烟草品种根内SCNS的幼虫数量均为0,而SCN_T的幼虫数量平均为26.5(14.6~57.0)。研究表明,供试SCNS属于14号生理小种,但供试SCN_T与之寄生性差异大,属于新的SCN致病类型。 相似文献
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9.
为害地黄的大豆孢囊线虫的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为害栽培地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Llbosch.,f.hueichingensis Hsiao)的孢囊线虫,经形态和生物学特性的观察,以及在地黄与大豆间的交互接种试验,鉴定为大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glyines Ichinohe,1952)。本文报道了该线虫的主要形态、生物学特性及防治方法。该线虫在北京此区地黄上一年发生5-6代,平均土温24.5℃时完成一代约须27天;20.2℃时约须35天。干燥使孢囊中的卵和幼虫的生命力急剧下降。地黄根浸出液对幼虫孵化没有明显的刺激作用。轮作与抗病品种是防治该线虫的主要措施;D-D混剂处理土壤及热水处理繁殖材料也是有效的防治方法。该线虫除为害地黄外,尚可侵染高黄芩、黄花毛蕊花、比利牛斯金鱼草、小叶野决明和歪头菜等药用植物。 相似文献
10.
大豆孢囊线虫病是威胁大豆生产的重大病害之一。2015-2016年,采用随机取样的方法对贵州省大豆孢囊线虫的发生和分布情况进行了调查。调查范围包括贵阳、六盘水、安顺、毕节、黔西南和遵义等6个地区下辖的14个县(区),共采集土样287份。调查结果表明,贵州省大豆孢囊线虫的总检出率为28.2%,其中毕节地区的大方县和赫章县孢囊检出率最高,分别达到46.7%和45.0%,而在遵义市、贵阳市和黔西南州孢囊检出率为0。六盘水地区的水城县孢囊发生量最大,平均孢囊数为3.4个/200g土,最大孢囊数达到17个/200g土;安顺地区的镇宁和关岭县大豆孢囊线虫发生程度最轻,每200g土样平均孢囊数分别为0.3和0.2个,最大孢囊数仅为2个/200g土。分离的孢囊主要形态特征与大豆孢囊线虫一致,并且ITS序列与甘肃大豆孢囊线虫种群序列一致性达100%。根据形态学观察和ITS序列分析比对,将贵州省采集到的孢囊线虫鉴定为大豆孢囊线虫。本研究结果可为有效防控贵州省大豆孢囊线虫病提供依据。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献