共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
J.A.M. Missotten J. Michiels J. Goris L. Herman M. Heyndrickx S. De Smet N.A. Dierick 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):232-235
In this trial two commercial probiotic products (Bactocell® and Adjulact® Pro) were investigated in vitro for their use as microbial inoculum for the production of fermented liquid feed (FLF) for pigs. Bactocell® was applied at a dose of 9 and 10 log10 CFU/kg and Adjulact® Pro at a level of 9 log10 CFU/kg. The FLF (control and treatments) was prepared with a water to feed ratio of 4:1 and run in batch for 72 h at 30 °C. The microbial population was followed with plate countings and the lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol concentration was determined at different time points in the FLF. After 24 h, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the control and the Adjulact® Pro FLF for pH (4.7 vs 4.3), lactic acid (57.9 vs 91.5 mmol/L), acetic acid (23.1 vs 6.8 mmol/L), ethanol (24.5 vs 1.1 mmol/L), coliforms (7.2 vs 4.3 log10 CFU/mL) and E. coli (6.2 vs 4.4 log10 CFU/mL). Bactocell® addition did not alter the fermentation characteristics compared to the control FLF. After 72 h no significant differences between treatments were noted, except for the yeast count which was higher in the FLF inoculated with Adjulact® Pro. 相似文献
2.
A study was carried out to investigate whether adding a starter culture or a formic acid containing-product to fermented liquid feed of suboptimal microbial quality could improve the characteristics of the mixture and the gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance of piglets. Four experimental diets were prepared: Feed and water were mixed in the ratio 1:2.5 (w/w) in four closed tanks. Diet 1) Three times daily, 50% of the mixture stored in the tank was removed and then replaced with an equal amount of fresh feed and water, (FLF), positive control; Diet 2) Three times daily, 95% of the mixture stored in the tank was removed and then replaced with an equal amount of fresh feed and water. Escherichia coli K12 (1 × 106/g) was added every morning (COLI); Diet 3) as the COLI treatment and added Lactobacillus plantarum VTT E-78076 (1 × 106/g) every morning (+PLANTARUM); and Diet 4) as the COLI treatment and added 0.26 g AIV/KemiSile 2 plus/100 g mixture three times daily (+ACID). One hundred and sixty weaners were used. On day 14, one littermate from each pen was killed and the gastrointestinal tract removed. The remaining piglets were used to measure the effect of the experimental diets on growth performance during the first six weeks post-weaning. The +ACID diet had lower numbers of lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, higher numbers of yeasts, and lower concentration of lactic acid and acetic acid than the COLI and +PLANTARUM diets. Feeding the +PLANTARUM and the +ACID diets increased daily weight gain during the six weeks post-weaning (P ≤ 0.02) compared to feeding the COLI diet. The +ACID group showed the highest numerical daily feed intake in all periods. The gain/feed during the six weeks post-weaning tended to be lowest in the COLI group (P < 0.10). The counts of lactic acid bacteria able to grow at 20 °C were lowest in the stomach (P ≤ 0.003) and distal small intestine (P ≤ 0.06) of the +ACID group. The counts of yeasts able to grow at 37 °C in the stomach were highest in the +ACID (P ≤ 0.01) and FLF groups (P ≤ 0.09). The number of yeasts able to grow at 20 °C in the stomach and distal small intestine was highest in the FLF fed piglets, followed by the +ACID group. This study showed that addition of L. plantarum VTT E-78076 or AIV/KemiSile 2 plus to fermented liquid feed of suboptimal microbial quality improved growth performance without affecting the gastrointestinal ecology of piglets substantially. 相似文献
3.
An in vitro study was performed to describe the effect of addition of acid products to liquid feed on the course of fermentation. A standard grower diet with added extra lysine, methionine, and threonine was formulated. Three experimental treatments were prepared: the grower diet, ‘Control’; the grower diet + 4.8 g solid acidifier Boliflor® FA 2300S/kg liquid feed, ‘FA2300S’; and the grower diet + 2.0 g formic acid/kg liquid feed, ‘Formic’. Feed and water (1 to 2.75) were incubated in bioreactors with a volume of 1 l at 20 °C. A sample was taken after 0, 6, 24, and 48 h of incubation. After 48, 55, 72, 79, and 96 h of incubation, 90% of the mixture was removed and replaced with fresh feed and water. A sample was taken at 96, 102, and 108 h of incubation. Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the ‘Control’ diet and lowest in the ‘Formic’ diet at all sampling times. From 96 to 108 h of incubation, 5–19% total lysine, threonine, and methionine, and 26–42% free lysine, threonine, and methionine disappeared. Addition of 2.0 g formic acid or 4.8 g Boliflor® FA 2300S per kg pig liquid feed impeded a blooming of Enterobacteriaceae during the first hours of fermentation but had no effect on amino acid degradation. A disappearance of, mainly, free amino acids occurred during fermentation of liquid feed as prepared in the present study. 相似文献
4.
本试验研究了植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉仔鸡的生产性能、氧化反应及促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路的影响,旨在探讨植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉鸡的治疗效果及机制。选择1日龄AA公雏480只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组和感染组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组、乳杆菌培养物组在基础日粮中分别添加40 mg/kg盐酸恩诺沙星和1.6 g/kg灭活植物乳杆菌培养物。5日龄时,感染组、抗生素组和乳杆菌培养物组每只鸡灌服1 mL（105 CFU）单增李斯特菌感染液,对照组灌服无菌株培养液,全程试验期28 d。结果显示,与感染组相比,植物乳杆菌培养物可以显著提高7和28 d肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和始末体重（P<0.05）,显著降低肉仔鸡料重比（P<0.05）;显著降低14和28 d肉仔鸡血清和十二指肠黏膜中的二胺氧化酶、丙二醛、蛋白羰基（除14 d十二指肠黏膜外）的含量（P<0.05）;显著降低7和28 d肉仔鸡MAPK3、MAPK10和DUSP6（7 d除外）基因mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。综上,日粮中添加植物乳杆菌发酵培养物可以提高肉鸡抗氧化性,抑制单增李斯特菌的感染,提高抗菌能力,通过MAPK信号提高抗炎能力。植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉鸡有较好的治疗效果,可以作为替代抗生素的添加剂。 相似文献
5.
A digestibility trial on piglets was conducted to study the effect of an enzyme complex derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Roxazyme G2) supplemented to a rye-based diet on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and NSP-constituting sugars. Enzyme supplementation at 200 mg kg− 1 increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of total amino acids from 67.1 to 70.8. As the dietary concentration of Roxazyme G2 increased from 0 to 100 mg/kg, the ileal digestibility of the NSP constituents gradually increased. No further increase was observed with the supplementation level of 200 mg/kg. The improvement in the digestibility of arabinose + xylose (685%, P < 0.05) was much higher than that of the remaining sugars (110%, P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of galactose was positively influenced by Roxazyme G2 but it remained negative in all dietary treatments, presumably due to the high concentration of galactose in endogenous secretions. It is concluded that Roxazyme G2 effectively degrades non-starch polysaccharides in upper digestive tract and marginally improves amino acid availability in young pigs. 相似文献
6.
M.E. Davis D.C. Brown A. Baker K. Bos M.S. Dirain E. Halbrook Z.B. Johnson C. Maxwell T. Rehberger 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):249-253
Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have the ability to alter gastrointestinal microflora, morphology and immunity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the effect of Lactobacillus brevis, Bacillus, and antibiotic supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of L. brevis supplementation and three diets (control, Bacillus, and antibiotic) fed during the nursery period. Microbial diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota increased in response to any of the treatments containing L. brevis, Bacillus, or antibiotic compared to unsupplemented pigs. Pigs provided L. brevis and Bacillus in combination exhibited more bands of high G/C content than pigs provided only the antibiotic treatment. Supplementation with L. brevis resulted in a unique band that was identified as unculturable, low G/C content, gram positive bacteria. Furthermore, L. brevis increased pig body weight at the end of the nursery by 1.6 kg compared to pigs not provided L. brevis. L. brevis increased the number of acidic goblet cells present on villi within the duodenum and jejunum, and decreased the number of sulfated goblet cells, whereas Bacillus and antibiotic supplementation decreased the number of sulfated goblet cells on villi within the duodenum. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that L. brevis supplementation lowered the number of CD2+ cells, antigen presenting cells (MHCII+), and CD4+ T cells within jejunal villi. These data illustrate the potential for DFM to improve pig growth rate after weaning, as well as elicit alterations in the gut microbial community, mucin-producing goblet cells, and immune cells. 相似文献
7.
Giuseppe Campanile Fabio Zicarelli Domenico Vecchio Corrado Pacelli Gianluca Neglia Anna Balestrieri Rossella Di Palo Federico Infascelli 《Livestock Science》2008,114(2-3):358-361
The influence of a dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) during the first and the second phase of lactation on dry matter (DM) intake, organic matter digestibility, milk yield and quality and haematological profile was evaluated in buffalo cows. Lactating buffaloes (n = 190), 118.7 days in milk (DIM), were randomly divided into Group C (control, n = 95) and Group T (fed diet supplemented with 98 billion CFU of S. cerevisiae, n = 95). Eight buffaloes for each group (Groups T1 and C1), 85.4 DIM, were used to study the in vivo digestibility and the haematological profile. No differences were found for DM intake (16.5 kg·day− 1) and haematological profile. The SC supplementation increased milk yield (7.9 ± 0.2 vs. 7.4 ± 0.2; P < 0.01) but did not affect milk fat and protein. SC supplementation increased OM digestibility, mainly, in the first phase of lactation (< 135 days), thus allowing a higher energy availability for milk yield and reduced fat mobilization. 相似文献
8.
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubility and inclusion rate on gut health and development, performance and risk of post weaning enteric disorders (PWED) using NSP sources known not to affect digesta viscosity. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial combination of NSP type (sNSP vs insoluble NSP (iNSP); inulin vs purified cellulose) and inclusion level (50 vs 100 vs 150 g/kg). Piglets were weaned at 28 days (day 0) and fed ad libitum until slaughter on day 14. There were no incidences of PWED. NSP solubility had little effect on performance, but sNSP diets resulted in lower caecal and colonic pH and higher colonic Lactobacilli to coliform ratio compared to iNSP diets. Increasing NSP levels significantly reduced caecal and colonic pH but decreased empty body weight percentage (P = 0.067). These results suggest that gut health may benefit most from diets containing appropriate sources of predominantly sNSP rather than iNSP. The optimal level of such sNSP will likely depend upon the level of risk of PWED in order to balance the trade off between maximising performance and improving gut health. Effects of NSP feeding under a higher infectious pressure remains to be assessed. 相似文献
9.
旨在探究青贮剂对再生稻头季全株青贮品质和体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响。以再生稻头季全株为青贮原料,在青贮中分别添加植物乳杆菌（60%）+纤维素酶（30%）+木聚糖酶（10%）、植物乳杆菌（70%）+粪肠球菌（20%）+纤维素酶（5%）+半纤维素酶（5%）、植物乳杆菌（30%）+粪肠球菌（60%）+纤维素酶（5%）+半纤维素酶（5%）、等量水为对照（依次记为N1、N2、N3和CK组,各组添加量为500 g·t-1 鲜重）。青贮45 d后开包取样,分析其青贮品质和体外瘤胃发酵特性。结果表明：1）青贮结束后,N1、N2和N3组的总能显著高于CK组（P<0.05）,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于CK组（P<0.05）,且N2组的中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于N1和N3组（P<0.05）,N1、N2和N3组的总可消化养分含量和乙酸含量均显著高于CK组（P<0.05）,氨态氮/总氮显著低于CK组（P<0.05）。2）体外发酵24 h后,N2组的24 h累积产气量和快速降解部分的产气量显著高于N1、N3和CK组（P<0.05）,N2组的潜在产气量显著高于N1、N3和CK组（P<0.05）,且N1组显著高于CK组（P<0.05）,N1和N2组的pH显著低于N3和CK组（P<0.05）,N2组的乙酸和氨态氮含量显著高于N1、N3和CK组（P<0.05）,N1和N2组的丙酸含量显著高于N3和CK组（P<0.05）,N2组乙酸/丙酸显著低于N3和CK组（P<0.05）,N2和N3组的干物质降解率和粗蛋白质降解率显著高于N1和CK组（P<0.05）,N2组的有机物降解率、中性洗涤纤维降解率和酸性洗涤纤维降解率显著高于N1、N3和CK组（P<0.05）。综上所述,在实际生产中,建议青贮剂在以植物乳杆菌为主要添加剂的前提下,辅助添加粪肠球菌、纤维素酶和半纤维素酶,有利于获得营养价值较佳的再生稻头季全株青贮。 相似文献
10.
The effect of bile extract on microbial gas formation and composition, production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane and on reductive acetogenesis was studied in vitro. As substrates cellulose and potato starch in combination with graded levels of bile extract concentrations (0; 333; 666; 1333 mg/l) were incubated with a faecal suspension from pigs as microbial inoculum according to procedures of a modified “Hohenheim gas formation test” (HFT). Bile extract concentration of 1333 mg/l in the in vitro system reduced total gas production from cellulose significantly (p < 0.05) compared to incubation without bile extract. After 24 h of incubation, bile extract concentration of 1333 mg/l lead to a decrease in methane production from cellulose (p < 0.05) in comparison to incubation without bile extract. Increasing levels of bile extract reduced total production of VFA (p < 0.05) from cellulose. Furthermore, bile extract concentration of 1333 mg/l increased molar percentage of propionate from cellulose and starch after 24 h of incubation (p < 0.05). Bile extract concentration of 333 mg/l increased molar percentage of propionate from cellulose after 48 h of incubation (p < 0.05). The results may contribute to explain the differences in gas and methane production between the rumen and the hindgut of monogastric animals. 相似文献
11.
Pigs in four groups were fed fine non-pelleted (F-NP), fine pelleted (F-P), coarse non-pelleted (C-NP) or coarse pelleted (C-P) diets. DNA fingerprints, T-RFLP, revealed a strong dietary effect on bacterial community structure in the stomachs. Pigs fed the C-NP diet had the highest microbial diversity in stomach and the T-RFLP fingerprints suggested that bacteria tentatively identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. mucosae, L. reuteri, L. amylovorus/L. sobrius, Mitsuokella multiacida and Megasphera elsdenii were specifically stimulated. Lactobacilli may be responsible for the previously reported increase in stomach lactate levels of pigs fed the C-NP diet [Mikkelsen, L.L., Naughton, P.J., Hedemann, M.S., Jensen, B.B., 2004. Effects of physical properties of feed on microbial ecology and survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the pig gastrointestinal tract. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 3485–3492.]. Moreover, earlier observations of butyrate and propionate accumulation in the stomach of pigs fed C-NP diets could be due to stimulation of M. elsdenii and S. ruminantium according to the T-RFLP fingerprints. 相似文献
12.
Twenty four Duroc × Landrace male piglets, aged 21 days, were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets. Diets 1 and 2 contained 150 g kg− 1 wheat bran and diets 3 and 4 contained 90 g kg− 1 maize cobs as the major fibre source. All diets contained 480 g kg− 1 wheat and 200 g kg− 1 soybean meal. Diets 2 and 4 were supplemented with the following enzyme complex: 800 U/kg cellulase, 1800 U/kg glucanase and 2600 U/kg xylanase.
The replacement of wheat bran by maize cobs increased the acetic (P < 0.05) and decreased the butyric acid production (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Piglets fed diets with maize cobs had lower (P < 0.05) levels of butyric acid in the colon than those fed wheat bran.
The xylanolytic, pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzyme activities were higher (P < 0.05) in the cecum and colon of piglets fed the wheat bran based diets. The supplementation of the diet with the enzyme complex did not significantly affect the levels of short chain fatty acids formed in the small intestine and there was a non significant increase of the levels of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in the cecum and colon of piglets (P < 0.10). No interactions were present between fibre sources and enzyme addition.
The results suggest that the enzyme supplementation of the diet did not bring significant benefits to the animals and that when maize cobs replaces wheat bran in diets it negatively affects butyric acid production and fibre-degrading enzyme activity in the hindgut of piglets. 相似文献
13.
川西北高寒地区燕麦收获时含水量较高，环境温度较低，燕麦青贮品质不佳。本文为提高燕麦青贮品质，研究了自选乳酸菌发酵生物学特性，评价了麦麸和自选乳酸菌菌株对燕麦裹包青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响，采用双因素试验设计：因素A,A0:0%麦麸；A1:30%麦麸；因素B,B0:对照；B1:Lactobacillus plantarum 160 (LP160);B2:Lactobacillus brevis 248 (LB248);B3:商业菌。每个裹包50 kg,每个处理3个重复。结果表明，自选菌株LP160和LB248在模拟冻融(20℃/-5℃)条件下生长迅速、产酸快。燕麦裹包青贮60 d后，添加麦麸后青贮干物质、粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物、乳酸显著增加(P<0.01),添加乳酸菌后青贮pH和氨态氮显著降低(P<0.01),其中A0B1组发酵品质最优，A1B1组营养品质最... 相似文献
14.
The effect of dietary protein supply on carcass composition, size of organs, muscle properties and meat quality of pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigated the effect of dietary protein supply on growth performance, carcass composition and size of organs in pigs slaughtered at the age of 165 ± 2 d. In addition, we analysed muscle fibre properties and glycolytic potential of light muscles longissimus lumborum (LD), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus superficialis (GS), and dark muscles infraspinatus (IS) and masseter (M) of 20 gilts and 20 barrows. Of these pigs, 16 were Finnish Landrace, 16 were Finnish Yorkshire, and 8 were crosses of these breeds. The pigs were fed low-or high-protein diets formulated to contain 6.0 and 9.5 g of apparent ileal digestible lysine/feed unit (1 fu = 9.3 MJ NE), respectively. The pigs were fed according to a restricted weight-based feeding scale (13–30 MJ NE/d). Lean meat, fat, bones, and skin of the carcasses as well as organs were dissected and weighed. The pH value was measured 45 min post mortem from LD, and 24 h post mortem from LD, SM and GS. Drip loss, lightness (L) and redness (a) were measured from LD, SM and GS. Pigs with a low-protein supply showed a lower growth rate (P < 0.01), carcass weight (P < 0.01), and carcass lean meat content (P < 0.01), but higher carcass fat content (P < 0.01) and smaller kidneys (P < 0.01) than did pigs with a high-protein supply. In LD, the differences in cross-sectional areas in all muscle fibre types (P < 0.05) between the feeding groups were significant; in GS we found significant differences in cross-sectional areas of type IIA and type IIB (P < 0.05), while in SM we found no differences in muscle fibre cross-sectional areas between the feeding groups (P > 0.05). We found no such differences in the dark muscles studied. We also took into account the effect of both the breed and sex on the studied properties. The low-protein diet increased glycolytic potential in porcine LD and SM, and decreased the pH value measured 45 min post mortem from LD. The dietary protein supply affected no other meat quality traits studied. A more rapid drop in pH in LD resulted in a lighter and less red meat with higher drip loss. 相似文献
15.
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and in vitro methods were used to rank nutritive quality of 15 mixed feeds (MF) formulated for fattening Tan-sheep weaned lambs, a breed distributed in northwestern China. In vitro parameters of neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) were used as evaluation parameters. Each MF consisted of alfalfa meal, bio-chemical treated maize stover and grain mix. The relative proportions of alfalfa meal:bio-chemical treated maize stover:grain mix (dry matter (DM) basis) was 10:50:40 (MF1), 20:40:40 (MF2), 30:30:40 (MF3), 10:45:45 (MF4), 20:35:45 (MF5), 30:25:45 (MF6), 10:40:50 (MF7), 20:30:50 (MF8), 30:20:50 (MF9), 10:35:55 (MF10), 20:25:55 (MF11), 30:15:55 (MF12), 10:30:60 (MF13), 20:20:60 (MF14) and 30:10:60 (MF15). Values of each observed parameter were differed significantly among the tested feeds (p < 0.05). Greater NDFD, AA, PA, BA and NH3–N were observed for the MF9, MF14, MF2, MF11 and MF7 respectively, which indicated the associative effects between feeds constituents (e.g. concentrate, bio-chemical treated maize straw and alfalfa powder). The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value of MF7 was the highest in the 15 mixed feeds, which indicated that the incubation effectiveness of MF7 was the best among the 15 mixed feeds when its roughage to concentrate ratio was 500 to 500 g/kg with roughage constituents of 400 g/kg bio-chemical treated maize stover and 100 g/kg alfalfa meal. It was concluded that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is a useful tool for comprehensively considering the in vitro parameters of mixed feeds to rank the nutritive quality in terms of nutrient supply potential. 相似文献
16.
17.
Lisbeth Mogensen Peter Lund Troels Kristensen Martin Riis Weisbjerg 《Livestock Science》2008,115(2-3):249-257
The effect of toasted supplement on milk production was examined in three experiments on an organic study farm during the winter 2004/2005. Three types of iso-energetic supplement feed, toasted or untreated, were examined in each experiment, with an untreated cereal mixture as control. The supplement under investigation was: lupins in experiment 1, barley in experiment 2 and soybeans in experiment 3. The same forage mixture of grass-clover silage (84% of DM), grass pellets (11% of DM) and straw (5% of DM) was fed ad libitum in all the experiments.
Toasting decreased effective rumen protein degradability determined in situ for all three supplements. Compared to untreated lupins toasting of lupins tended (P = 0.10) to increase milk yield, whereas toasting of soybeans did not affect milk yield. Toasting of lupins decreased (P = 0.03) milk protein content (32.2 versus 32.7 g/kg), whereas toasting of soybeans did not affect milk protein content. ECM yield was significantly higher (P = 0.002) for cows fed toasted soybeans than for cows fed untreated soybeans (28.1 versus 26.4 kg ECM) whereas there was no significant effect on ECM yield from toasting lupins or barley. It can be concluded that the potential of toasting to increase the supply of metabolisable protein under organic feeding conditions is variable between feeds. 相似文献
18.
The rate of cellular proliferation in the mammary glands of pigs during late gestation and lactation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (T1) into the DNA of mammary gland explants in vitro. The T1 showed a linear response over the first 9 hr in vitro, and was not affected by the addition of 500 ng insulin/ml medium. From day 100 to parturition the T1 rose, reached a peak at 2 d after parturition and declined during lactation to the lowest levels seen at day 21 of lactation.
The inclusion of 0–1000 ng relaxin/ml medium on T1 at 24–72 hr in vitro had no effect in stimulating T1 in mammary tissue explants taken from either pregnant or lactating pigs. 相似文献
19.
T. Thymann C. Gudbergsen S. Bresson N.B. Kristensen C.F. Hansen 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):132-136
Suckling pigs were separated from their dam for 24 h on day 21 (1 × 24 h fasting, n = 10) or day 21 and 24 (2 × 24 h fasting, n = 10). Pigs in the control group (n = 10) were not fasted before weaning. All pigs were weaned on day 28 postpartum. Feed intake during the first 4 days post-weaning was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs exposed to 1 × 24 h fasting compared with controls. Water consumption was not affected by fasting prior to weaning. The difference in post-weaning feed uptake was not reflected in any clinical traits, intestinal morphology, or activity of digestive enzymes (maltase, dipeptidylpeptidase IV, aminopeptidases A and N; P > 0.15). In conclusion, a short period of fasting prior to weaning can increase post-weaning feed uptake, although this had no clinical impact under the present experimental conditions. 相似文献
20.
A grazing experiment, conducted for 90 days compared the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) supplementation on postpartum reproductive traits and productivity of suckling goats grazing Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. A total of 54 native adult goats (34.4 ± 5.49 kg) were randomly allocated, 24 h after kidding, to 2 treatment groups balanced for age and the number of reared kids. Goats in both treatment groups designed C and PEG grazed in acacia for approximately 5 h every day and received each on daily basis 0.3 and 0.4 kg of hay and concentrate respectively. In addition, goats in treatment PEG were initially supplemented with 10 g/day of PEG and this supplement was then increased to 20 g /goat/day over the last 60 days of the trial. Goats receiving PEG tended (P > 0.05) to spend more time browsing acacia than those in treatment C. There were no treatment effects on live weight change of the goats, growth of their kids until 90 days of age or composition of their milk in terms of fat, protein and urea contents. Similar proportions of 74.1 and 77.8% of goats resumed postpartum ovulation with a mean ovulation rate of 1.50 ± 0.61 and 1.67 ± 0.47 (P > 0.05) in respectively the PEG and C treatments. PEG supplementation was associated with an increase (P < 0.05) in ovulation rate at the second postpartum ovulation occurring approximately 27 days after the application of the nutritional treatments (1.76 ± 0.60 versus 1.25 ± 0.45); 9 of the 13 goats ovulating in the PEG treatment were bearing more than one corpus lutuem in comparison to only 3 out of 12 females in the C group (P < 0.05). The likely increased availability of proteins in the PEG receiving goats could explain their higher ovulation rate. 相似文献