共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Schwille P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6047):1252-1254
How synthetic can "synthetic biology" be? A literal interpretation of the name of this new life science discipline invokes expectations of the systematic construction of biological systems with cells being built module by module--from the bottom up. But can this possibly be achieved, taking into account the enormous complexity and redundancy of living systems, which distinguish them quite remarkably from design features that characterize human inventions? There are several recent developments in biology, in tight conjunction with quantitative disciplines, that may bring this literal perspective into the realm of the possible. However, such bottom-up engineering requires tools that were originally designed by nature's greatest tinkerer: evolution. 相似文献
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5?羟基色氨酸 (5-hydroxytryptophan，5-HTP)是血清素和褪黑素生物合成的中间代谢物，可有效治疗多种疾病，如抑郁症、头痛、肥胖和失眠等。传统生产5-HTP的方法是植物提取或化学合成，然而，这些方法效率低，难以大规模生产，无法满足不断增长的市场需求。随着代谢工程和合成生物学的发展，利用微生物合成目标产物成为必然趋势。笔者综述了微生物合成5-HTP的研究进展，通过定向进化羟化酶以及引入辅酶因子合成与再生途径，实现了微生物合成5-HTP，再经代谢工程调控，通过平衡宿主细胞内代谢流提高5-HTP生产效率，为工业微生物有效合成5-HTP提供了理论基础和技术支持。 相似文献
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植物合成生物学为解决农作物育种及品质改良等重要农业问题带来新机遇。为了使相关科研和管理人员及时了解植物合成生物学的研究进展、把握领域科技前沿、有效开展科研合作、优化研究布局，从文献计量角度分析合成生物学的发展态势。基于Web of Science 核心集检索到2000—2020年研究文献97 551篇。计量分析结果表明，植物合成生物学领域论文呈现稳定增长趋势，中国学者发表的论文数量及总被引频次位居前列。通过对高被引文献以及文献主题聚类分析可知，重要作用元件如转录因子的调控机制、标准化的遗传元件如启动子、功能基因的挖掘和鉴定、植物天然产物合成与代谢通路的解析、基因编辑技术/多组学分析技术等关键技术是本领域的重要主题内容，将持续推动本领域的创新发展。此外，对比分析了国内外合成生物学的资助及研究布局，针对当前我国在植物合成生物学领域的资助现状提出展望，加强国家顶层设计，加大植物合成生物领域的资助。 相似文献
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Baker WO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,211(4480):359-363
The science of the solid state has joined nuclear science and molecular biology as a field of major importance in the latter half of the 20th century. It took particular shape during the genesis of solid-state electronics and the post-transistor era of integrated circuits for telecommunications, computers, and digital signal machines. However, these developments were soon joined by techniques from the ancient fields of metallurgy and ceramics and contributions from the more current fields of synthetic polymers, rubbers, plastics, and modified bioorganic substances. This vast realm was characterized by a National Academy of Sciences study of the 1970's as "materials science and engineering." The public, as well as the scientific and engineering community, are currently concerned about the uses of research and development and the applications of knowledge for national progress. Consideration is given here to how well we are using the science of materials for industrial strength and such governmental objectives as national security and energy economy. 相似文献
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Advancing approach and toolbox in optimization of chloroplast genetic transformation technology 
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下载免费PDF全文 《农业科学学报》2023,22(7):1951-1966
Chloroplast is a discrete, highly structured, and semi-autonomous cellular organelle. The small genome of chloroplast makes it an up-and-coming platform for synthetic biology. As a special means of synthetic biology, chloroplast genetic engineering shows excellent potential in reconstructing various sophisticated metabolic pathways within the plants for specific purposes, such as improving crop photosynthetic capacity, enhancing plant stress resistance, and synthesizing new drugs and vaccines. However, many plant species exhibit limited efficiency or inability in chloroplast genetic transformation. Hence, new transformation technologies and tools are being constantly developed. In order to further expand and facilitate the application of chloroplast genetic engineering, this review summarizes the new technologies in chloroplast genetic transformation in recent years and discusses the choice of appropriate synthetic biological elements for the construction of efficient chloroplast transformation vectors. 相似文献
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运用知识工程和系统工程层次分析法,建立了一个基于网络的品种资源信息管理系统。系统以WIindows为开发平台,综合运用数据库技术,建立了品种资源信息数据库;运用系统工程、软件工程实现了系统模块建设。通过高级软件开发工具PB实现了其后台信息维护功能,利用ASP.NET网络开发技术开发出用户能够通过网络访问的客户端系统。该系统是对农业品种资源进行多年收集,并在吸取以往开发信息系统经验,充分利用网络和计算机快速、准确处理信息等优势开发而成。系统除具有客户端查询、分析品种资源信息外,还可通过后台维护系统对用户级别和权限设置,数据备份与恢复,保障了数据的安全性、可靠性。该系统还可对各类信息类型加以设置,以适用于其他种类信息自动化管理,具有良好的可扩充性。 相似文献
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RAPD技术在果树研究上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RAPD技术是一种新兴的分子标记技术，它已在生物学领域得到广泛的应用和重视。但由于果树自身的特点，采用该技术研究起步较晚。对PAPD在果树品种鉴定、系谱分析、遗传图谱构建、基因标记等方面的应用及其研究进展进行了简要阐述。 相似文献
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Trends in analytical instrumentation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
F W McLafferty 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4672):251-253
Methods for deriving chemical information from a variety of systems and environments have changed dramatically in the last decade. Unique principles from physics, chemistry, and biology are the basis for sophisticated instruments that incorporate computers for data acquisition, reduction, and interpretation. Such analytical systems have shown orders-of-magnitude improvements in sensitivity, specificity, and speed, yet with greater simplicity and lower price. The increasing importance of analytical instrumentation requires reexamination of its coverage in educational curricula and of the role of the analytical chemist in its further development and application. 相似文献
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植物分子生物学是植物基因工程的理论基础,对作物遗传改良、新品种培育有重要的指导意义,总结我国植物分子生物学科研论文产出,客观评价我国在该研究领域的基础研究水平及影响力,了解发展现状和变化趋势,对我国种业自主创新有重要意义。以Web of Science 数据库为文献来源,检索了2006-2015年间我国研究人员在植物分子生物学领域发表的高水平研究文献,用文献计量学方法分析了我国论文产出数量和影响力的现状及发展态势,并与世界主要国家进行对比,同时对该领域内我国科学家发文期刊、高产作者、高产机构、资助来源和国际合作情况的分布特征进行描述,并揭示了我国植物分子生物学研究领域的研究热点。结果表明：过去十年间我国植物分子生物学领域发展迅速,我国科学家发表的影响因子大于4.0的论文共计3 841篇,占全球总数的16.74%,全球排名第二,且年度发表量呈现逐年递增的趋势,从2012年开始跃居全球第二,与美国的差距日益缩小。论文影响力也得到了提升,但与荷兰、英国等世界领先水平国家仍有较大差距。通过本研究进一步把握了植物分子生物学全球发展格局,挖掘出我国在该领域的一批优势机构和领军人才,理清我国国际合作关系,追溯资助来源,探测研究热点,识别我国在领域内的国际地位,找到优势和潜力,并发现问题和差距,以期为植物分子生物学学科发展提供参考。 相似文献
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当代生物学研究中,形形色色的"组学"不断诞生,主导并推动了系统生物学的快速发展.组学研究涉及核酸、蛋白、代谢物、表型等各个层次,主要包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学、代谢组学、离子组学、相互作用组学、表型组学等.结合国内外最新研究动态,对上述组学的概念、研究技术及进展等进行系统论述. 相似文献
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A major goal of synthetic biology is to develop a deeper understanding of biological design principles from the bottom up, by building circuits and studying their behavior in cells. Investigators initially sought to design circuits "from scratch" that functioned as independently as possible from the underlying cellular system. More recently, researchers have begun to develop a new generation of synthetic circuits that integrate more closely with endogenous cellular processes. These approaches are providing fundamental insights into the regulatory architecture, dynamics, and evolution of genetic circuits and enabling new levels of control across diverse biological systems. 相似文献
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In our view, synthetic biology is an extension of the continuum of genetic science that has been used safely for more than 40 years by the biotechnology industry in the development of commercial products. Examples of synthetic biology use by biotechnology companies illustrate the potential to substantially reduce research and development time and to increase speed to market. Improvements in the speed and cost of DNA synthesis are enabling scientists to design modified bacterial chromosomes that can be used in the production of renewable chemicals, biofuels, bioproducts, renewable specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, fine chemicals, food ingredients, and health care products. Regulatory options should support innovation and commercial development of new products while protecting the public from potential harms. 相似文献
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Dramatic progress has been made in the development of gene transfer systems for higher plants. The ability to introduce foreign genes into plant cells and tissues and to regenerate viable, fertile plants has allowed for explosive expansion of our understanding of plant biology and has provided an unparalleled opportunity to modify and improve crop plants. Genetic engineering of plants offers significant potential for seed, agrichemical, food processing, specialty chemical, and pharmaceutical industries to develop new products and manufacturing processes. The extent to which genetically engineered plants will have an impact on key industries will be determined both by continued technical progress and by issues such as regulatory approval, proprietary protection, and public perception. 相似文献
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Research Status of Molecular Biology in Flax 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2016,(1):89-96
Flax is a kind of worldwide fiber and oil crops, and it has a very important role in economic crop production in the world. With the development of molecular biology techniques, the research of flax molecular level has a very big breakthrough. But, flax molecular biology researches are less reported due to the later starting. This paper summarized the latest research progress of molecular biology of flax, including molecular marker technology, construction of genetic map, gene engineering and omics researches, in order to provide the reference to understand the development and research status for flax molecular breeding researchers. 相似文献
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