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1.
A major goal of synthetic biology is to develop a deeper understanding of biological design principles from the bottom up, by building circuits and studying their behavior in cells. Investigators initially sought to design circuits "from scratch" that functioned as independently as possible from the underlying cellular system. More recently, researchers have begun to develop a new generation of synthetic circuits that integrate more closely with endogenous cellular processes. These approaches are providing fundamental insights into the regulatory architecture, dynamics, and evolution of genetic circuits and enabling new levels of control across diverse biological systems. 相似文献
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Forces between surfaces in liquids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent developments in the direct measurements of forces between surfaces in liquids at the ?ngstrom resolution level are reviewed. The results reveal a rich variety of interactions and interaction potentials that depend on the nature of the surfaces and intervening liquids. These results also shed new insights into liquid structure adjacent to surfaces and the interactions occurrig in complex systems, with implications in many different areas of chemical physics, biology, and technology. The origin of some important fundamental interactions, such as repulsive "hydration" forces and attractive "hydrophobic" forces, are still not understood and offer a challenge for experimental and theoretical work in this area. 相似文献
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Synthetic biology is an emerging field focused on engineering biomolecular systems and cellular capabilities for a variety of applications. Substantial progress began a little over a decade ago with the creation of synthetic gene networks inspired by electrical engineering. Since then, the field has designed and built increasingly complex circuits and constructs and begun to use these systems in a variety of settings, including the clinic. These efforts include the development of synthetic biology therapies for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer, as well as approaches in vaccine development, microbiome engineering, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine. Here, we highlight advances in the biomedical application of synthetic biology and discuss the field's clinical potential. 相似文献
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Genes and social behavior 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
What genes and regulatory sequences contribute to the organization and functioning of neural circuits and molecular pathways in the brain that support social behavior? How does social experience interact with information in the genome to modulate brain activity? Here, we address these questions by highlighting progress that has been made in identifying and understanding two key "vectors of influence" that link genes, the brain, and social behavior: (i) Social information alters gene expression in the brain to influence behavior, and (ii) genetic variation influences brain function and social behavior. We also discuss how evolutionary changes in genomic elements influence social behavior and outline prospects for a systems biology of social behavior. 相似文献
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Only a small fraction of the immense diversity of plant metabolism has been explored for the production of new medicines and other products important to human well-being. The availability of inexpensive high-throughput sequencing is rapidly expanding the number of species that can be investigated for the speedy discovery of previously unknown enzymes and pathways. Exploitation of these resources is being carried out through interdisciplinary synthetic and chemical biology to engineer pathways in plant and microbial systems for improving the production of existing medicines and to create libraries of biologically active products that can be screened for new drug applications. 相似文献
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植物合成生物学为解决农作物育种及品质改良等重要农业问题带来新机遇。为了使相关科研和管理人员及时了解植物合成生物学的研究进展、把握领域科技前沿、有效开展科研合作、优化研究布局，从文献计量角度分析合成生物学的发展态势。基于Web of Science 核心集检索到2000—2020年研究文献97 551篇。计量分析结果表明，植物合成生物学领域论文呈现稳定增长趋势，中国学者发表的论文数量及总被引频次位居前列。通过对高被引文献以及文献主题聚类分析可知，重要作用元件如转录因子的调控机制、标准化的遗传元件如启动子、功能基因的挖掘和鉴定、植物天然产物合成与代谢通路的解析、基因编辑技术/多组学分析技术等关键技术是本领域的重要主题内容，将持续推动本领域的创新发展。此外，对比分析了国内外合成生物学的资助及研究布局，针对当前我国在植物合成生物学领域的资助现状提出展望，加强国家顶层设计，加大植物合成生物领域的资助。 相似文献
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芳香族化合物是一类含有芳香环结构的有机小分子，主要产生于植物和微生物，也可以化学合成，在化学、材料和生命科学等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文介绍了芳香族化合物的生物合成途径和合成生物学方法，综述了其在生物育种中提高植物的香味、类黄酮和培育抗除草剂、低木质素种质等方面的应用，并对合成生物学在芳香族化合物研究中的未来前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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We studied the mechanical process of seed pods opening in Bauhinia variegate and found a chirality-creating mechanism, which turns an initially flat pod valve into a helix. We studied con?gurations of strips cut from pod valve tissue and from composite elastic materials that mimic its structure. The experiments reveal various helical con?gurations with sharp morphological transitions between them. Using the mathematical framework of "incompatible elasticity," we modeled the pod as a thin strip with a flat intrinsic metric and a saddle-like intrinsic curvature. Our theoretical analysis quantitatively predicts all observed con?gurations, thus linking the pod's microscopic structure and macroscopic conformation. We suggest that this type of incompatible strip is likely to play a role in the self-assembly of chiral macromolecules and could be used for the engineering of synthetic self-shaping devices. 相似文献
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Sharpe J Ahlgren U Perry P Hill B Ross A Hecksher-Sørensen J Baldock R Davidson D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5567):541-545
Current techniques for three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy (deconvolution, confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography) generate 3D data by "optically sectioning" the specimen. This places severe constraints on the maximum thickness of a specimen that can be imaged. We have developed a microscopy technique that uses optical projection tomography (OPT) to produce high-resolution 3D images of both fluorescent and nonfluorescent biological specimens with a thickness of up to 15 millimeters. OPT microscopy allows the rapid mapping of the tissue distribution of RNA and protein expression in intact embryos or organ systems and can therefore be instrumental in studies of developmental biology or gene function. 相似文献
11.
In our view, synthetic biology is an extension of the continuum of genetic science that has been used safely for more than 40 years by the biotechnology industry in the development of commercial products. Examples of synthetic biology use by biotechnology companies illustrate the potential to substantially reduce research and development time and to increase speed to market. Improvements in the speed and cost of DNA synthesis are enabling scientists to design modified bacterial chromosomes that can be used in the production of renewable chemicals, biofuels, bioproducts, renewable specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, fine chemicals, food ingredients, and health care products. Regulatory options should support innovation and commercial development of new products while protecting the public from potential harms. 相似文献
12.
Hydration of macromolecules 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Frozen protein and nucleic acid solutions at -35 degrees C show relatively narrow (100 milligauss) proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals which are assignable to water that is sufficiently mobile to reduce the dipolar broadening normally associated with solids. Hydration was found to be 0.3 to 0.5 gram of water per gram of protein. Nucleic acids are three to five times as hydrated as proteins. Conformational changes in solution produce detectable changes in linewidth or amount of "bound" water, or both. The very fact that the water signals can be observed by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance suggests that it is not "ice-like" in any literal sense, although it is clearly less mobile than liquid water at the same temperature. A simple model is described which considers both surface hydration and trapped water. 相似文献
13.
任诚刚 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,2(2):111-114
通过与《药食同源——小议中医食疗的翻译》作者江楠的商榷,讨论了英译中医食疗要诀“韵”的问题。经过分析、对比原译与笔者的改译,笔者否定了无韵的“直译”,认为只要通过大量实践,刻苦钻研,虚心向前辈名家学习,与英谚无直接或间接对应的中医食疗要诀不但是可以译的,还可以在达到保持原文信度的基础上,用押韵来追求音美与形合,译出与原文要诀均等的效果。 相似文献
14.
“信、达、雅”翻译标准是清朝末年严复所提出来的,在翻译界影响深远。本文作者在概括大半个世纪以来众学者对这一标准讨论的基础上提出了自己的见解:鲁迅等人对严论的批驳是有其历史背景的,鲁迅提出的“直译”在当时的历史条件下完全是对的;“信、达、雅”的标准在讨论中不断发展和完善;实践证明,这一翻译标准是有其生命力的;对这一标准的讨论还在继续,是有益的. 相似文献
15.
栝楼种质资源亲缘关系的RAPD分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
利用RAPD分子标记技术对栝楼种质资源圃中的28个性状有差异的单株进行聚类分析研究,从而了解它们之间的亲缘关系.结果表明,浙江省的吊瓜和安徽省的栝楼之间遗传距离较远;安徽省内栝楼的种质资源较为丰富,资源大体上可以分为5大类;同一类中种质资源在植物学和生物学性状上仍存在有较多的差异性;本研究还发现"大麻籽"和"大麻籽二号"虽然外部形态相似,但它们的遗传距离较远.因此,对栝楼种质资源进行分类时不仅要从外部形态上进行分析,还要利用分子生物学方法作进一步的验证. 相似文献
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关于综合米质指数的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文从模糊数学的角度出发，提出了一个评判多指标稻米品质的综合模型，据此可对任一品种多指标米质性状进行综合评估，即对任一品种可用一个指数来衡量米质的综合表现，本文将其称为“综合米质指数”。本试验选用25个有代表性的籼稻品种测定了10个米质性状，并运用这一模型对综合米质指数、产量及早晚季米质变异情况进行了研究。 相似文献
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At the crossroads of chemistry and immunology: catalytic antibodies 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
Immunochemistry has historically focused on the nature of antigenicity and antibody-antigen recognition. However, in the last 5 years, the field of immunochemistry has taken a new direction. With the aid of mechanistic and synthetic chemistry, the vast network of molecules and cells of the immune system has been tapped to produce antibodies with a new function--catalytic antibodies. Because antibodies can be generated that selectively bind almost any molecule of interest, this new technology offers the potential to tailor-make highly selective catalysts for applications in biology, chemistry, and medicine. In addition, catalytic antibodies provide fundamental insight into important aspects of biological catalysis, including the importance of transition-state stabilization, proximity effects, general acid and base catalysts, electrophilic and nucleophilic catalysis, and strain. 相似文献
19.
李育青 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2010,20(1):104-106
不同语言在词汇层面上的差异和不对等性给汉英互译造成了很大困难,应在正视英汉语言文化背景差异、正确理解原文意义的基础上,采用音译法或音译加注法、意译法、直译法或直译与加注相结合的方法进行翻译。 相似文献
20.
We present a detailed experimental analysis of a free-propagating light pulse prepared in a "Schr?dinger kitten" state, which is defined as a quantum superposition of "classical" coherent states with small amplitudes. This kitten state is generated by subtracting one photon from a squeezed vacuum beam, and it clearly presents a negative Wigner function. The predicted influence of the experimental parameters is in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The amplitude of the coherent states can be amplified to transform our "Schr?dinger kittens" into bigger Schr?dinger cats, providing an essential tool for quantum information processing. 相似文献