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1.
利用盆栽法在苗期和花期对5个芝麻品种进行10d的干旱胁迫处理,测定了苗期胁迫处理后17个生长相关性状指标和苗期、花期胁迫处理后的13个产量性状指标。结果表明:(1)苗期干旱胁迫处理使芝麻植株生长速率减缓,根系发育缓慢,叶片数量减少,叶片变小,株高变矮,生物量降低,严重影响芝麻的生长发育;(2)花期干旱胁迫处理后除千粒重之外的其他产量性状指标值均低于苗期处理,花期干旱胁迫对芝麻的影响大于苗期,苗期处理对芝麻株高、蒴果数和蒴果大小等性状影响较小,对千粒重和单株种子干重等影响较大,而花期处理对芝麻株高、蒴果大小、每蒴粒数、单株种子干重和根系干重等性状影响较大;(3)不同基因型品种间对干旱胁迫的反应存在较大差异;(4)利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法相结合通过43个单项指标抗旱系数对5个芝麻品种进行了综合评价,为芝麻抗旱性鉴定提供了参考方法,并认为苗期干旱胁迫及胁迫后的生长相关性状指标可以作为芝麻抗旱性鉴定的简单方法和抗旱性评价的简易指标;(5)获得黑芝09-1和金黄麻为抗旱性较强的芝麻品种。  相似文献   

2.
内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导提高玉米苗期抗旱性研究初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用盆栽试验,初步研究内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导提高玉米抗旱性的效应。结果显示,在自然干旱胁迫下,根长、根鲜重、根干重、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素含量等指标接种印度梨形孢的玉米幼苗比未接种的明显增加,差异达到显著、极显著水平;根干重、叶绿素含量等性状,接种印度梨形孢干旱胁迫处理的幼苗显著地高于未接种干旱处理,表明印度梨形孢真菌具有促进玉米幼苗生长的作用,能有效增强玉米幼苗的抗旱性。  相似文献   

3.
玉米植株抗旱性状的杂种优势分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用耐旱性不同的玉米自交系,研究了玉米植株抗旱性状在正常条件和水分胁迫下杂种优势的变化,分析了玉米植株性状的遗传力。结果表明:株高、穗位高、单株叶片数、茎粗、根干重的杂种优势明显;叶片数、雄穗分枝数和单株叶面积的狭义遗传力分别达到62.94%、62.93%和54.00%。株高和叶干重的遗传受干旱胁迫的影响较小。  相似文献   

4.
为评价和利用种间杂交的抗旱新种质,以24份甘芥(甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜)种间杂交后代DH株系为材料,在全生育期降水量约60mm的情况下,设置正常灌水、苗期干旱胁迫、薹花期干旱胁迫、角果生长期干旱胁迫4个处理,考察产量及与产量相关的4个农艺性状和5个品质性状,应用抗旱指数法、灰色关联度综合分析法结合聚类分析,筛选优异的抗旱种质资源。结果表明,多数甘芥杂交后代材料抗旱性均高于常规甘蓝型品种,其中角果生长期、苗期更显著,共获得10份抗旱性较强的材料,其中2份在全生育期抗旱性均较强。3个时期抗旱性相关分析表明,苗期和薹花期抗旱性显著相关,而角果生长期和苗期、薹花期的相关性不显著。在苗期、薹花期、角果生长期的任一时期发生干旱均能严重影响油菜地上部鲜重、株高、芥酸及油酸含量,同时薹花期发生干旱对产量影响最大,其次为苗期。植株在苗期、薹花期、角果生长期的抗旱性与地上部鲜重呈极显著正相关,薹花期抗旱性与株高呈极显著正相关。  相似文献   

5.
干旱胁迫对大麦农艺性状的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
【目的】研究干旱胁迫对大麦农艺性状的影响并筛选抗旱品种。【方法】选用24个抗旱性不同的大麦品种(系),在干旱胁迫和正常灌水两种水分处理下,进行裂区试验种植,成熟后考察株高、主穗长、主穗粒数、主穗粒重、千粒重及产量等主要农艺性状的情况。用方差分析、多重比较等方法对试验结果进行分析。【结果】干旱处理条件下不同品种(系)的株高、千粒重、主穗长、主穗粒数、主穗粒重及产量的差异可达显著或极显著水平;除主穗长及主穗粒重外,千粒重、产量、株高和主穗粒数的水分处理均达显著或极显著差异水平;品种与处理互作下株高、主穗长、千粒重及产量差异显著。干旱胁迫导致大麦主穗千粒重降低,株高、千粒重及产量均明显下降。【结论】SD96-7、Z029P020P和Z160U020V对干旱胁迫抗性最强,Z198U004V、Harrington、Z132O003O及94啤单131的抗干旱性中等,新引D5属于极弱抗性的品种。  相似文献   

6.
播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
从4月30日到7月29日设立10个播种期,研究不同播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响。结果表明：播种期对芝麻生育期影响明显,呈先升后降,然后小幅上升的趋势;随着播种期推迟,芝麻株高、始蒴高度和单株产量表现为先升后降趋势,其中单株产量于5月21日播种达最大值;蒴节数、每蒴粒数和千粒重呈不断下降趋势;蒴果长和蒴果宽变化不明显;空稍尖长度变化的规律性不明显,于第6期（6月9日播种）和第7期（6月19日播种）达最大值;播种期之间的小区产量差异达显著或极显著水平。因此,播种期对芝麻生育期和产量性状影响明显,适宜播期为5月上旬到7月中旬,其中5月下旬播种产量最高。  相似文献   

7.
采用双因素裂区设计,在大田人工淹水条件下研究了５种芝麻基因型对渍害的适应性反应。结果表明,心叶缺铁性黄化,新生根产生,生物量及籽粒产量下降,植株茎延伸生长为典型的渍水胁迫症状;芝麻对渍水敏感期为初花期,生育早期渍水驯化能显著改善芝麻的耐渍性。基因型间,野芝７号耐渍性最强,心叶黄化不明显,新生白根数多,产量损失很小,相对产量为０．９６７,生物量下降后恢复能力强。豫芝１号、武昌九根头新生白根较多,生物  相似文献   

8.
为筛选远缘杂交后代中的抗旱材料,连续4年于生殖生长关键时期（薹花期）,设正常灌水及干旱胁迫处理,考察包括甘蓝型油菜、芥菜型油菜及甘芥杂交后代共计43份材料成熟期产量及12个产量相关性状,采用经典抗旱指数法结合连锁聚类分析,筛选优异抗旱资源,并分析干旱对产量相关因子,尤其是产量组成因子的影响,筛选关键的抗旱性鉴定指标。结果表明,3个产量构成因子中,角果数对薹花期干旱最敏感,千粒重及每角粒数变化不大,干旱使得一次分枝数、侧枝角果数显著减少,导致总角果数下降,成为影响产量下降的主要原因,相关分析表明,干旱条件下相对总角果数、相对侧枝角果数、相对株高与抗旱指数呈显著正相关,相对侧枝角果数、相对总角果数可作为油菜薹花期抗旱性筛选指标,相对一次分枝数、相对株高也可作为初筛指标;同一材料在不同程度干旱胁迫下,其抗旱性表现有差别,4年共筛选出17份抗旱材料,抗旱性比较稳定的有3份,其中1份甘芥杂交后代材料抗旱性稳定且干旱条件下产量较高。  相似文献   

9.
为研究不同水分条件下丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌对茶树生长和茶叶品质的影响,试验以福鼎大白茶（Fuding Dabaicha）为材料,采用温室盆栽法,分别设置正常水分（WW）和干旱胁迫（DS）两个水分条件,研究单接种AM真菌幼套近明球囊霉（Clariodeoglous etunicatum）（+AMF）与不接种（-AMF）处理对福鼎大白茶实生苗叶片数、生物量等生长指标和蔗糖、果糖、儿茶素、氨基酸等品质指标的影响。结果显示,无论水分条件如何,接种AM真菌处理均显著促进了福鼎大白茶实生苗生长,增加了叶片数量和各部分（叶片、茎、根系）生物量,并提高了茶叶品质;与不接种AM真菌（-AMF）相比,茶树叶片蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、儿茶素、氨基酸和茶多酚的含量分别增加了7.73%~21.92%、28.49%~53.44%、6.13%~9.59%、18.97%~23.48%、31.29%~39.11%和6.77%~26.32%。接种AM真菌处理在干旱（DS）条件下效果更为显著,干旱抑制了AM真菌对茶苗根系的侵染和茶苗生长,降低了茶叶品质。接种AM真菌能显著缓解这种抑制效应,同时促进茶叶有机物质积累。此外,接种AM真菌还显著上调了干旱胁迫（DS）下茶树叶片谷氨酰胺脱氢酶基因（CsGDH）、谷氨酰胺α-酮戊二酸氨基转移酶基因（CsGOGAT）和3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因（CsHGMR）的表达。研究结果表明,接种AM真菌在不同水分条件,特别是干旱（DS）条件下,可通过显著上调相关基因的表达来促进茶树的生长,改善茶叶品质。  相似文献   

10.
隶属函数法鉴定油菜甘芥种间杂交后代的抗旱性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在大田水分胁迫条件下,采用隶属函数值法、灰色关联度分析法结合聚类分析,研究58份甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜的种间杂交后代,分析其单株产量、主花序产量和品质性状的差异。结果表明,单株分枝数和有效角果数与抗旱性显著相关,而角粒数和千粒重与抗旱性关联性较弱。在水分胁迫条件下,抗旱材料主花序的三个性状,即含油量、蛋白质含量和千粒重,在强抗、较抗、不抗材料间的差异均达到1%显著水平,且与单株产量的关联度在50%以上,其中主花序籽粒的含油量及千粒重升高,蛋白质含量降低。利用水分胁迫下三个性状的差异变化可对抗旱油菜进行初步筛选。通过筛选,获得2007M004、2007M018和2007M027三份平均隶属函数值≥0.413的抗旱材料。  相似文献   

11.
In order to examine the effects of source restriction and drought stress on yield components, flag leaf chlorophyll content and Relative Water Content (RWC) of wheat cultivars, a greenhouse experiment was carried out at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, during 2009-2010. The wheat cultivars including Shiraz, Bahar, Pishtaz, Sistan and Yavaros were sown in 5 kg plastic pots. The source manipulation treatments including control (C), defoliation of all leaves (D1), defoliation of all leaves except the flag leaf (D2) and defoliation of all leaves except the flag leaf and penultimate leaf (D3), were imposed at anthesis. Results showed that source restriction decreased number of grain per spike significantly in Shiraz cultivar under drought stress condition. Maximum 100-grain weight was observed in C treatment of Yavaros and Shiraz under well-watered condition. Among the defoliation treatments under drought stress condition, D2 in Pishtaz and D1 in Shiraz had the highest (3.66 g) and lowest (2.71 g) 100 grain weight, respectively. In all cultivars drought stress decreased main shoot yield significantly but in Pishtaz and Sistan decreasing rate was less than the other cultivars. RWC in Shiraz decreased sharply from 92.1% in well-watered to 66.7% (27.5% reduction) under drought stress at 10 DAA. After anthesis, Pishtaz and Sistan maintained higher content of flag leaf chlorophyll (from 49.4 to 56.8 SPAD unit) under drought stress condition. Generally, selection and culture of cultivars that had small responses to defoliation might be a useful strategy in yield improvement of wheat in areas where the water availability is low.  相似文献   

12.
《Field Crops Research》1996,48(1):65-80
Selection for improved performance under drought based on grain yield alone has often been considered inefficient, but the use of secondary traits of adaptive value whose genetic variability increases under drought can increase selection efficiency. In the course of recurrent selection for drought tolerance in six tropical maize (Zea mays L.) populations, a total of 3509 inbred progenies (S1 to S3 level) were evaluated in 50 separate yield trials under two or three water regimes during the dry winter seasons of 1986–1990 at Tlaltizapán, México. In over 90% of the trials, ears plant−1, kernels plant−1, weight kernel−1, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), tassel branch number and visual scores for leaf angle, leaf rolling and leaf senescence were determined. Low scores indicated erect, unrolled or green leaves. Canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll concentration and stem-leaf extension rate were measured in 20–50% of the trials. Across all trials, linear phenotypic correlations (P < 0.01) between grain yield under drought and these traits, in order listed, were 0.77, 0.90, 0.46, −0.53, −0.16, 0.06NS, −0.18, −0.11, −0.27, 0.17 and 0.10. Genetic correlations were generally similar in size and sign. None of physiological or morphological traits indicative of improved water status correlated with grain yield under drought, although some had relatively high heritabilities. Genetic variances for grain yield, kernels ear−1, kernels plant−1 and weight kernel−1 decreased with increasing drought, but those for ASI and ears plant−1 increased. Broad-sense heritability for grain yield averaged around 0.6, but fell to values near 0.4 at very low grain yield levels. Genetic correlations between grain yield and ASI or ears plant−1 were weak under well-watered conditions, but approached −0.6 and 0.9, respectively, under severe moisture stress. These results show that secondary traits are not lacking genetic variability within elite maize populations. Their low correlation with grain yield may indicate that variation in grain yield under moisture stress is dominated by variation in ear-setting processes related to biomass partitioning at flowering, and much less by factors putatively linked to crop water status. Field-based selection programs for drought tolerance should consider these results.  相似文献   

13.
A total of 550 maize inbred lines collected from global breeding programs were evaluated for drought resistance under both well-watered and water-stressed environments. The evaluation was based on multiple measurements of biomass taken before and after the drought stress was applied using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), along with other selection criteria including anthesis-silking interval, leaf senescence, chlorophyll content, root capacitance, final grain yield, and grain yield components. Kernel weight was the most stable trait under drought stress. Correlations between the primary trait (grain yield) and the secondary traits, except the root capacitance and ASI under water-stressed condition, were all significant. Root capacitance had relatively low heritability and low genetic correlation with other drought resistance criteria, and is not recommended as a drought resistance criterion. Significant reduction of NDVI values measured in the afternoon when the leaves became rolling, compared to those measured in the morning when the leaves were open, provides a reliable index for leaf rolling, which however was not significantly correlated with grain yield. NDVIs measured across different developmental stages were highly correlated with each other and with most of the secondary traits as well as, grain yield, indicating that NDVI can be used as a secondary trait for large-scale drought resistance screening. Regression models built based on non-yield drought criteria and yield components explained about 40% and 95% of the variation for the grain yield, respectively. Some maize lines developed in China for temperate regions showed strong drought resistance comparable to tropical maize lines when tested under tropical condition, indicating that temperate lines with a wide adaptability can be used in drought resistance breeding for both temperate and tropical environments.  相似文献   

14.
现有关于水稻干旱胁迫期间各项生理生化指标的变化和对叶片细胞的伤害机理方面的研究已经比较丰富和全面,但是对于干旱胁迫结束复水后的生理变化研究却较少。本文以水稻品种中旱3号和黄华占为材料,在孕穗期进行淹水、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱4个处理,研究了干旱胁迫对水稻叶片生理生化性状（光合作用和抗氧化酶活性等）和产量的影响。结果表明,中度和重度干旱使水稻叶片光合速率下降12.9%~43.9%,这主要与气孔导度变化有关;处理结束复水后,中旱3号的生理生化指标均能恢复到正常水平,而黄华占在重度干旱后,其光合速率、气孔导度以及抗氧化酶活性不能再恢复;干旱处理导致水稻产量降低14.3%~47.9%,主要是由于有效穗数和结实率的降低。  相似文献   

15.
为明确陕西省不同年代旱地冬小麦品种光合特征变化规律及其对产量的影响,选择曾在该省推广种植的20世纪40年代至21世纪初8个不同年代旱地冬小麦品种(蚂蚱麦,1940s;碧蚂1号,1950s;丰产3号,1960s;泰山1号,1970s;小偃6号,1980s;陕229,1990s;长武134,2000s;长旱58,2010s)为材料,设置正常供水和干旱胁迫两个水分处理,进行盆栽种植试验,对小麦不同生育期光合特征进行测定,并在收获期考种测产。结果表明,无论是干旱胁迫还是正常供水处理下,现代小麦品种(长武134和长旱158)花前旗叶净光合速率和单株叶面积都表现出显著优势,并与千粒重和产量呈显著正相关;但品种间花后光合特征差异减小,这对于现代小麦产量的提升可能产生了一定的限制作用;不同生育时期和不同水分处理下,旗叶蒸腾速率与种植年代之间相关性并不一致;干旱胁迫条件下,孕穗期和花后3d的旗叶水分利用效率都随品种更替呈明显上升的趋势;现代小麦品种在干旱处理下旗叶净光合速率等光合特征、千粒重等产量因素的优势受到影响,最终导致其产量增幅下降。未来应进一步提升现代小麦的光合优势,尤其是花前叶片净光合速率及叶面积的优势,并进一步提高千粒重,这将会是陕西省小麦节水高产和抗旱稳产的重要手段。  相似文献   

16.
Genetically improved crops with higher water productivity help maintaining and increasing agricultural production in drought-prone areas. Their development involves, as in the case of maize, selection for high grain yield and improved secondary traits. With the objective of better understanding the role and regulation of the morphology of drought adaptation, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of tropical maize (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in six field experiments under intermediate (IS) and severe (SS) drought stress at flowering and under well-watered (WW) conditions in Mexico. The analyses per water regime revealed 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five measurements of relative content of leaf chlorophyll (CL), 25 for the five visual ratings of plant senescence (SEN), and 11 for the three measurements of electric root capacitance (RCT). Impressive clusters of QTLs were observed on chromosomes 2 (bins 2.03-05), 4 (bin 4.09), and 10 (bins 10.04-05), suggesting that a small number of genes control chlorophyll metabolism and plant senescence. The high CL and low SEN of the drought resistant parent are aspects of its high water productivity resulting from improved constitutive traits. Co-locations of QTLs for CL, SEN and RCT with QTLs for plant height (PHT), the anthesis-silking interval (ASI), and grain yield (GY) were observed in bins 1.06-07, 8.06, and 4.09 but not for the large QTL clusters on chromosomes 2 and 10, suggesting independent genetic control of reproductive traits. Still, the phenotypic data showed that high CL and low SEN were favorable for grain yield production under drought, while delayed SEN was associated with higher grain yield under WW conditions. CL and SEN are suitable to complement selection for drought tolerance in order to sustain future breeding progress.  相似文献   

17.
相关分析表明,春小麦经济产量性状耐缺磷程度和对加磷反应敏感性与成熟期性状呈高度正相关,而与中期性状呈中低度正相关,与含磷量则不相关;与供磷下各性状除了穗粒数和穗粒重外,均不相关。缺磷下磷利用效率除与含磷量高度负相关、与吸磷量中度负相关外,与其它形态性状均无相关性。成熟期性状可作为经济产量耐缺磷程度和对加磷反应敏感性的指标性状;用苗期或前期性状则不可靠;但中期干物重和根系性状可指示吸磷能力大小;供磷下性状表现也不能用来表征春小麦品种（系）的产量耐缺磷能力和对加磷反应的敏感性。  相似文献   

18.
耐旱大豆根瘤菌的筛选及其接种效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用聚乙二醇(PEG)6000模拟干旱的试验方法,从分离自黄淮海地区的19株根瘤菌和2株参比菌株中初步筛选得到能够在该条件下生长良好的根瘤菌7株。进一步进行土壤盆栽干旱胁迫复筛试验,通过根瘤数量、大豆植株干重和含氮量等指标分析,获得了3株耐旱根瘤菌株B.japonicum 4788、B.japonicum 4792和B.japonicum USDA110;测定了在盆栽条件下接种B.japonicum 4792大豆植株耐旱性相关生理的指标,与未接种对照相比,接种根瘤菌的大豆叶片中甜菜碱、SOD酶和叶绿素的含量都有不同程度的增加,丙二醛的含量减少,表明接种根瘤菌可以提高大豆的耐旱性能。  相似文献   

19.
《Field Crops Research》2005,91(2-3):345-354
The performance of selected salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], derived from field and in vitro assessment methods, was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Eight durum wheat genotypes comprising three salt-tolerant genotypes and one salt-sensitive genotype selected from each of the methods were used. This study was conducted under both saline and non-saline field conditions as well as under greenhouse condition with salinized solution culture at 0 mM (control), 75 and 150 mM NaCl (concentrations) using supplemental Ca2+. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of spikes per m2, grain yield and harvest index were recorded in the field experiments. Plant dry weight, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ accumulated in the hydroponically grown seedlings were measured 20 days after salinity treatments. In spite of the smaller range of genotypes used by the in vitro screening method, tolerant genotypes screened by the in vitro method (ITGs) performed comparably with those of the field-derived tolerant genotypes (FTGs) for grain yield under saline field conditions. Field salinity significantly reduced (P < 0.01) means of all traits averaged on eight tested genotypes. In vitro salt-tolerant genotypes Dipper-6 and Prion-1 produced the highest dry weight and K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress conditions (150 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. Although dry matter correlated with the grain yield (R2 = 0.37), the regression coefficient was higher for shoot K+/Na+ ratio (R2 = 0.44). Dipper-6 (ITG) and Prion-1 (ITG) genotypes have been ranked superior while Massara-1 (ISG) was inferior for salt tolerance in the regression analysis. However, based on grain yield reduction Ajaia/Hora/Jro/3/Gan (FTG) and PI40100 (ITG) were the most tolerant having 58% and 60% reduction, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
玉米黄改系耐旱性材料筛选与鉴定方法研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
在正常水分、花期干旱、全生育期干旱3种水分条件下,对25份玉米黄改系材料和亲本黄早四进行耐旱性鉴定并筛选耐旱材料。结果表明,花期干旱胁迫和全生育期干旱胁迫条件均可进行耐旱性鉴定。在干旱胁迫条件下,穗部性状(单穗穗重、单穗粒重、百粒重和耐旱系数)、粒型性状(粒长)和花期性状(开花吐丝间隔,ASI)能够作为耐旱筛选性状,株型性状作为筛选的参考性状,粒型性状(粒宽和粒厚)不能作为筛选性状。根据干旱胁迫的筛选,获得9份黄改系耐旱性材料。  相似文献   

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