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1.
Summary Sterility-resistant cytoplasmic factors ofSolanum tuberosum spp.andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes and ofSolanum phureja (Juz. & Buk.) were combined with chromosomal genes ofS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum. Eleven morphological characters of reciprocal F1 and BC1 progenies were monitored to evaluate rate of progression towards characteristics occurring in the recurrent ssp.tuberosum parent. Female and male fertilities of F1 and BC1 populations were also evaluated.
Cytoplasmic factors did not influence morphological parameters consistently, except those relating directly to fertility.
Differences between reciprocal progeny depended more upon the genes of individual parents used in crosses than on cytoplasm
source. No consistent reciprocal differences occurred in tuber characters and those differences which arose seem to reflect
a maternal rather than a cytoplasmic influence. F1 and BC1 progenies containing the sterility-resistant cytoplasmic factors of ssp.andigena or ofS. phureja had higher fertility than their respective reciprocal progenies with cytoplasm of ssp.tuberosum.
Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No 6212. 相似文献
2.
Summary Genes ofSolanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum were introduced into cytoplasm ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. & Buk. to reduce cytoplasmic sterilities. Alleles that influenced berry set and seed content produced differences between
reciprocal progenies. Their expressions were interpreted in terms of genes of the maternal and/or paternal parents. When the
ssp.andigena genotype was introduced from the maternal parent if favoured high berry set and low seed number. Maternal ssp.tuberosum favoured lower berry set and higher seed number. The source ofS. phureja cytoplasm, aS. phureja×S. chacoense F1, used as maternal parent favoured lower berry and seed set. During successive backcrosses progeny expressions approached
those of the recurrent ssp.tuberosum pollen parents. A low level of pollen sterility occurred in BC2 plants, unrelated to direction of cross or cytoplasmic factors. By BC4, seed set and fertility were as good as ssp.tuberosum, and recurrent backcrossing could be terminated without loss of seed production or fertility.
Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 7493. 相似文献
3.
Summary Recurrent backcrosses (BC) were used to introduce nuclear factors ofS. tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum into the cytoplasm of Andean potatoesS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. and Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. and Buk. Each generation BC was produced in reciprocal directions to test the effect of cytoplasmic substitution on
yield. This report analyses tuber number, tuber weight, and tuber length of BC2 and BC3 substitution into ssp.andigena cytoplasm and BC2 and BC2 substitutions intoS. phureja cytoplasm. Direction of cross had no consistent significant effect on yield components of ssp.andigena substitution lines. InS. phureja reciprocal progenies direction of cross was responsible for significant differences of some reciprocal sets. When there were
significant differences the higher yield usually occurred when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent, but in some progenies when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent the yield was significantly lower than in the reciprocals. It is suggested that differences between
reciprocals resulted from chromosomally encoded gene action, resulting from maternal and/or paternal effects, rather than
cytoplasmic factors.
Authorized for publication as paper No. 7494 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station. 相似文献
4.
Kazuyoshi Hosaka 《American Journal of Potato Research》2004,81(2):153-158
Potato was domesticated in the Andes of South America. However, the presently worldwide-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum, 2n=4x=48) has characteristic T-type chloroplast DNA that was introduced after late blight epidemics in the mid-19th century from the Chilean potato (2n=4x=48) grown in the southern coastal regions in Chile. Among many wild potato species, the same chloroplast DNA was found only in some populations of a diploid speciesS. tarijense Hawkes (2n=2x=24), which ranges from central Bolivia to northwest Argentina. To elucidate an evolutionary pathway of T-type chloroplast DNA fromS. tarijense to Chilean potato, 215 accessions ofS. stenotomum Juz. et Buk., considered to be the most primitive, diploid cultivated potato species, from which all the Andean cultivated species evolved, and 286 accessions of the most widely grown, Andean tetraploid cultivated speciesS. tuberosum L. ssp.andigena Hawkes (2n=4x=48) were examined in this study. No accession ofS. stenotomum had T-type chloroplast DNA, while nine accessions, mostly from northwest Argentina, ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena had T-type chloroplast DNA. Therefore, I conclude that some populations ofS. tarijense having T-type chloroplast DNA were naturally crossed as female withS. tuberosum ssp.andigena from which the Chilean potato was selected. 相似文献
5.
Fungi of the genusFusarium Link isolated in Perú from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp.andigena Juz. & Buk.) affected by: i) wilt, ii) dry rot of stored tubers, iii) secondary rot in tubers affected by “cork” disease (potato mop-top virus?), caused dry rot when inoculated to tubers of Renaacimiento variety. The identification of some of theseFusaria suggests thatFusarium solani Snyder & Hansen is associated with wilt and dry rot, andFusarium oxysporum Snyder & Hansen with rot secondary to cork disease. Tubers of eight potato varieties inoculated with fourFusaria representative of those isolated showed a great range in levels of susceptibility to colonization by theseFusaria, Sapa being the most susceptible variety, and Mantaro appearing to be the most resistant. These results suggest that useful levels of resistance toFusarium tuber rot are available in the Peruvian germ-plasm. 相似文献
6.
Storage factors control germination and seedling establishment of freshly harvested true potato seed
Noël Pallais 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(7):427-436
Freshly harvested true potato(Solanum tuberosum subsp.andigena, Juz. et Buk.) seeds of the ancient Peruvian cultivar Ccompis were dried to 3.4, 4.2,5.1,6.1, and 7.3% moisture content (Dwt basis) and hermetically stored for 6 months at 15, 30, and 45C. Seeds were humidified to uniform moisture (13%) prior to monthly evaluations of germination at 27 and 17C and seedling performance under variable soil temperature. The effects of treatments on percentage of germination after 8 days at 27C were highly correlated with percentage of emergence at 10 days after sowing and foliage dry weight at 17 days. Germination at 27C increased from negligible to <90% with progressive increases in moisture, temperature, and time in storage. However, germination decreased within the first month of storing seeds at 45C with >5.1% moisture, and after 3 months seeds failed to germinate even after 8 days of lowering the temperature in the germination environment to 17C. Otherwise, germination inhibition at 27C was attributed to dormancy since most seeds readily germinated at 17C. Dormancy was sufficiently released and optimum overall performance was obtained after 2 months of storing seeds at 45C and 4.2% moisture. 相似文献
7.
Genetic variances were estimated for a population ofSolarium tuberosum L. subsp.andigena, selected for adaptation to north temperate climatic conditions. Estimates for 15 traits, including some unique to true seed (TPS) propagation, were obtained from trials conducted under short day conditions in Peru. Only non-additive variance was found for yield, but heritability estimates were relatively high for tuber number and tuber size. The results indicated that yield could be increased through selection utilizing additive variance for the component traits, especially tuber size. Estimates of genetic variability for tuber uniformity were low. TPS yield was positively correlated with most other traits except tuber number. 相似文献
8.
R. N. Estrada 《American Journal of Potato Research》1980,57(12):609-619
Solanum juzepczukii Buk. andSolanum curtilobum Juz. et Buk. are two important primitive cultivated species of potato which are planted in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia. Little natural variation exists within these species. Crosses were made to artificially recreate these species using tetraploid cultivated potatoes as female parents and triploids derived from acaule-diploid crosses as males. The new hybrids were tetraploid (2n = 48) with a high degree of heterosis and variability, and several potential cultivated clones possessing valuable characters such as yield, earliness, frost tolerance and good tuber type were selected. 相似文献
9.
An extensive collection of 1527 clones ofS. tuberosum subsp.andigena was screened in 1973 in unreplicated plots to test for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper. All clones were susceptible to the beetle. Of 17 clones selected in the 1973 tests for resistance to the potato leafhopper, 7 selections were significantly more resistant than the control (Katahdin) in a replicated experiment in 1974. 相似文献
10.
《Field Crops Research》1988,19(3):183-200
Nine experiments were run at three hot tropical sites (5–12°S, 180–800 m) within Peru to quantify the influence of plant population on soil temperature and growth and yield of the potato.Radiation interception was greatest at the highest plant populations and soil cooling was directly proportional to the amount of crop cover over the soil, but no appreciable effect on the timing of tuber initiation was apparent. More stems per unit land area leading to a higher leaf area index (lai) were primarily responsible for greater interception of radiation at the higher plant populations, although some compensation in stem number per unit land area and in lai at lower populations was evident later in the season.In general, tuber yield increased linearly with increases in planted population over the range studied (2.7–12.5 plants m−2, and in one experiment to 31.7 plants m−2), and was proportional to increases in the amount of intercepted radiation. Tuber yields ranged from 8 to 60 t ha−1 over sites and populations. Vigorous clones with Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena in their genetic background constituted the exceptions to this linear trend, and for these clones yields declined at the highest populations, particularly when the rectangularity of planting vastly deviated from square patterns. Tuber yield of Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum and Neotuberosum (S. tuberosum spp. andigena selected for tuberization under long-day conditions) clones did not respond to variations in rectangularity of planting and, probably due to their small stature and early maturity, did not demonstrate signs of intense between-plant competition for tuber yield as measured with the Kira competition density index. In contrast, for clones with Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena in their genetic background, maximum tuber yield at populations greater than 5.5 plants m−2 was dependent on the rectangularity of planting, and declined as the latter deviated from squareness.Since the proportion of marketable tubers was scarcely affected by the planting densities, plant population of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum clones planted in hot climates should be as close as possible without limiting the amount of soil available for hilling-up. 相似文献
11.
Total protein estimated from 80% ethanol insoluble nitrogen in residue ofS. tuberosum, ssp.andigena tubers agreed well with results obtained by Potty method and estimation of non-dialyzable nitrogen. The method is simple, rapid and applicable for screening large numbers of samples. Dry matter, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen were analyzed for 50 clone samples harvested in Huancayo, Peru, and correlations between the various constituents are statistically analyzed and discussed. An increase in total nitrogen with an increase of protein nitrogen was observed. Clones with higher dry matter normally showed lower % of non-protein nitrogen. The percentage of protein nitrogen to total nitrogen varied from 40 to 74% in the 50 clone samples and clonal differences in protein production were evident. 相似文献
12.
Summary
Solanum xedinense Berth., a pentaploid (2n=5x=60) interspecific hybrid between the cultivated potato and the wild speciesSolanum demissum Lindl., represents evidence of genetic exchange between wild and cultivated species. It has been found in Central Mexico
at altitudes between 2000 and 3500 meters, growing in and along the edges of cultivated fields, roadside thickets, forest
margins and along irrigation ditches. This study examined the hybrid nature of S.xedinense using molecular, cytological and crossability data. RAPD and AFLP markers were used to supportS. xedinense as a hybrid between the cultivated potato andS. demissum. Meiotic analysis and crossability studies were used to examine the potential ofS. xedinense to form offspring. Several accessions ofS. tuberosum L. subsp.tuberosum and subsp.andigena Hawkes,S. demissum and an accession ofS. xedinense were used in the study. Artificial hybrids betweenS. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum andS. demissum were included for comparison. Molecular analysis positioned the natural and artificial hybrids as an intermediate group between
the parental populations, supporting their relationship with the parental populations. Meiosis was abnormal in both natural
and artificial hybrids, and reduced crossability was noted forS. xedinense. Although gene flow appears to happen between wild and cultivated potato, the potential for the natural hybrids to become
established may depend mostly on their ability to clonally propagate themselves. 相似文献
13.
Seeds of three progenies segregating for resistance to two pathotypes ofGlobodera rostochiensis (Rol and Ro2) and two pathotypes ofG. pallida (Pa2 and Pa3) are being released by the Cornell University Experiment Station and the USDA/ARS. This resistance is in a form suitable for North American production and was developed for use in the event that pathotypes ofG. pallida, which are prevalent in many other potato production areas of the world, are ever introduced into North America. The source of the resistance is germplasm obtained in 1984 from the International Potato Center in LaMolina, Peru. The combined resistance in this germplasm is fromS. tuberosum sspandigena andS. vernei. Resistance to PVY is also segregating in two of these progenies. 相似文献
14.
Summary In 1958 a selection of 30 samples of crosses between Western European and South American potato varieties (S. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum andS. tuberosum subsp.andigena) from the same test field of the Foundation for Plant Breeding, Wageningen, was examined for sweetening during a storage
period of two months at 2°C. In 1959 the investigation was repeated with 10 of these crosses which showed considerable differences
from each other as regards sugar accumulation.
A comparison of the results in both years showed that there is a good indication that the differences with respect to the
accumulation of reducing sugars are reproducible from one year to another. Generally speaking it cannot be concluded that
crossing of Western European varieties with South American ones increases the tendency to sweetness of the former.
In the case ofMaritta however, it was demonstrated, that this variety is liable to lose its favourable characteristic: the very small accumulation
of reducing sugar at low temperature. Wageningen, 22nd April 1960
Zusammenfassung In 1958 wurde eine Auswahl von 30 Mustern von Kreuzungen zwischen westeurop?ischen und südamerikanischen Kartoffelsorten (S. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum undS. tuberosum subsp.andigena) — welche demselben Versuchsfeld der Stiftung für Pflanzenzüchtung in Wageningen entstammen — im Laufe der Lagerungszeit der Knollen von 2 Monaten bei 2°C. auf ihren Süss-stoffgehalt geprüft. In 1959 wurden die Untersuchungen bei 10 Kreuzungen wiederholt, wobei sich hinsichtlich der Zuckerakkumulation zwischen den Kreuzungen grosse Unterschiede zeigten. Aus dem Vergleich der Untersuchungen beider Jahre ergeben sich gute Anzeichen dafür, dass die sich hinsichtlich der Zuckerakkumulation gezeigten Unterschiede von einem zum anderen Jahre reproduzieren lassen. Im allgemeinen kann man jedoch nicht darauf schliessen, dass die Kreuzung von westeurop?ischen Sorten mit südamerikanischen die Tendenz der ersteren zum Süsserwerden erh?ht. Bei der SorteMaritta hat es sich aber dennoch gezeigt, dass diese Sorte eine Neigung zum Verlust dieses vorteilhaften Merkmals: zur sehr schwachen Akkumulation von reduzierendem Zucker bei niedrigen Temperature besitzt.
Résumé En 1958, une collection de 30 échantillons d'hybrides de variétés de pommes de terre d'Europe occidentale et d'Amérique du Sud (S. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum etS. tuberosum subsp.andigena), provenant du même champ d'essais de la Fondation pour l'Amélioration des Plantes de Grande Culture à Wageningen, a été étudiéc en ce qui concerne l'accumulation de sucres durant une conservation de deux mois à 2°C. En 1959, l'essai a été répété avec 10 de ces hybrides qui avaient présenté des différences considérables en ce qui concerne l'accumulation de sucres. La comparaison des résultats des deux années a permis de constater que très probablement, les différences en ce qui concerne l'accumulation de sucres réducteurs sont reproductibles d'une année à l'autre. Généralement parlant, on ne peut conclure que l'hybridation de variétés d'Europe occidentale avec dex variétés d'Amérique du Sud augmente la tendance des premières à accumuler des sucres. Pour ce qui est deMaritta, cependant, il a été démontré que cette variété peut perdre sa qualité favorable: la très faible accumulation de sucres réducteurs à basse température.相似文献
15.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a source of markers for use in investigations in potato genetics. Segregation of 18 loci in diploidSolanum goniocalyx xS. phureja and 12 loci in tetraploidS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum ×S. tuberosum ssp.andigena families fitted Mendelian and tetrasomic ratios, respectively. Eight loci in the diploid progeny were arranged in three linkage groups. Segregations of these markers fitting expected ratios indicate that they can be effectively used in potato genetics, breeding and evolution. 相似文献
16.
Summary The Ecuadorian national collection ofS. phureja ssp.phureja Juz. & Buk. was evaluated in two parts in consecutive years in the field for resistance toPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Levels of resistance higher than that of the moderately-resistant tetraploid control were found. Preliminary
studies indicate that this resistance is a result of minor genes. Three components of resistance: lesion diameter, lesion
number and latent period were all correlated with field resistance as measured by the area under the disease progress curve. 相似文献
17.
18.
Maria Sandgren Robert L. Plaisted Kazuo N. Watanabe Stig Olsson Jari P. T. Valkonen 《American Journal of Potato Research》2002,79(3):205-210
The necrotic symptoms (spraing) in tubers caused byPotato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV) have become a severe problem for potato production in Scandinavia. PMTV is transmitted by the powdery scab pathogen (Spongospora subterranea) and no methods for control are currently available. Two breeding lines (NY99 and NY103) from the Cornell University potato breeding program, twotuberosum ×acaule lines (TA3.8.3.3 and TA3.5.3.7) from the International Potato Center (CIP), and one line (IvP35) ofSolarium phureja were tested for resistance to PMTV in field trials in Sweden in 1998 and 1999. In both years, NY99 had a low incidence of PMTV infection in tubers, and the infected tubers showed a low accumulation of PMTV, indicating that NY99 is a promising new source of resistance to PMTV for breeding programs. Furthermore, it may be suitable for cultivation in Scandinavia, which, however, needs to be evaluated in more extensive field trials. 相似文献
19.
With a view to select potato varieties possessing resistance to charcoal rot, laboratory tests were carried out at the Central Potato Research Institute, Simla (India). Five hundred and twenty six clones comprising tuber-bearing species ofSolanum and varieties and hybrids of potato were screened for their reaction toMacrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby. A high degree of resistance was observed in six clones ofSolanum chacoense and four hybrids withS. chacoense germ plasm, while moderate susceptibility was observed in another six clones ofS. chacoense, three clones ofSolanum tuberosum ssp.andigena and nineteen hybrids produced at the Institute. 相似文献
20.
David M. Spooner Alberto Salas López Zósimo Huamán Robert J. Hijmans 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(3):103-119
Peru has 103 taxa of wild potatoes (species, subspecies, varieties, and forms) according to Hawkes (1990; modified by us by a reduction of species in theSolanum brevicaule complex) and including taxa described by C. Ochoa since 1989. Sixty-nine of these 103 taxa (67% ) were unavailable from any of the world’s genebanks and 85 of them (83%) had less than three germplasm accessions. We conducted a collaborative Peru (INIA), United States (NRSP-6), and International Potato Center (CIP) wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) collecting expedition in Peru to collect germplasm and gather taxonomic data. This is the first of a series of planned expeditions from 1998–2002. We collected from February 18 to April 18, 1998, in the southern departments of Apurímac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Puno, and Tacna. We made 57 germplasm collections, including 14 taxa that are the first available as germplasm for any country (Solanum aymaraesense, S. chillonanum, S. incasicum, S. megistacrolobum subsp.megistacrolobum f. purpureum, S. longiusculus, S. multiflorum,S. pillahuatense, S. sawyeri, S. sandemanii, S. tacnaense, S. tarapatanum, S. urubambae, S. velardei, S. villuspetalum), and two additional taxa that are the first available for Peru but with germplasm from Bolivia (S. megistacrolobum subsp.toralapanum, S. yungasense). Collections also were made for the rare taxaS. acroscopicum, S. buesii, S. limbaniense, andS. santolallae. Our collections suggest the following minimum synonymy may be needed for Peruvian potatoes:S. sawyeri as a synonym ofS. tuberosum;S. hawkesii andS. incasicum as synonyms ofS. raphanifolium;S. multiflorum andS. villuspetalum as synonyms ofS. urubambae. 相似文献