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1.
基于太赫兹光谱和支持向量机快速鉴别咖啡豆产地 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
结合太赫兹时域光谱技术和支持向量机对3种典型产地的咖啡豆进行了鉴别。选取埃塞俄比亚(Ethiopia)、哥斯达黎加(Costa Rica)以及印度尼西亚(Indonesia)3个产地咖啡豆样品进行压片处理,采用太赫兹透射模式获取样品的时域和频域光谱信号,并用主成分分析法对太赫兹频域光谱信号进行分析;构造了基于粒子群(partical swarm optimization,PSO)参数寻优的支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)鉴别模型,模型对不同产地咖啡豆样品的综合识别正确率达到95%。试验结果表明,太赫兹作为新型的检测手段结合模式识别方法可用于咖啡豆的产地鉴别。该文为一类在太赫兹波段下没有明显特征吸收峰的农产品/食品安全检测和产地追溯研究提供了一种快速、准确的方法。 相似文献
2.
基于近红外光谱的脐橙产地溯源研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究近红外光谱分析技术鉴别脐橙产地的可行性,该文采用江西、重庆和湖南3个产地脐橙样品1140～1170nm波段的近红外光谱经一阶导数(9点平滑)预处理,分别建立了簇类独立软模式法脐橙产地鉴别模型。在5%显著水平下,模型对3个产地训练集样品的识别率均为100%,拒绝率分别为85.7%、83.3%、100%;对验证集样品的识别率均为100%,拒绝率分别为100%、89.5%、100%,表明簇类独立软模式法模型基本能够判别脐橙产地。将江西、重庆和湖南3个产地的脐橙样品分别赋值0、1、?1,在全波段范围内建立原始光谱脐橙产地的偏最小二乘判别模型,其预测值与真实值的决定系数为0.973,校正标准差为0.110,预测标准差为0.159,模型对训练集和验证集样品的识别率达到100%。因此,应用近红外光谱分析技术可准确、快速地追溯脐橙产地来源。 相似文献
3.
我国不同产地黑茶的FTIR指纹图谱分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法,比较了我国6个不同产地来源的37个黑茶样品间红外吸收光谱的差异,并对所得的指纹图谱进行了特征峰的指认和对比分析。方法的精密度、重现性和稳定性良好。结果表明,37个黑茶样品有16个共有峰;不同产地的黑茶样品由于原料和具体加工工艺的差异,所含化学成分及相对含量不同,在1800 cm-1~700 cm-1波段范围中吸收峰的数目、强度等存在一定的差异,根据红外二阶导数谱的相似度和聚类分析可区分不同产地的黑茶样品。该研究为对我国不同产地黑茶的鉴别和质量控制提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
基于近红外光谱技术的葡萄酒原产地辨识方法 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
该文以鉴别葡萄酒原产地为目的,利用快速无损的近红外光谱分析技术,对47份来自昌黎、沙城和法国波尔多（Bordeaux）的红葡萄酒样品进行逐步回归分析选取光谱区域,再进行主成分分析和聚类识别,建立了判别葡萄酒原产地的预测模型。试验结果表明：昌黎、沙城和波尔多产地的葡萄酒产地鉴别的光谱区域为1 400～1 550 nm 和2 000～ 2 300 nm;3个产地的葡萄酒在主成分特征空间中基本为独立分布,其中波尔多酒样和国内酒样间距离最远,国内昌黎和沙城酒样间有小部分交叉;利用9个独立预测集样本对由38个训练集样品所建立的预测模型进行验证,产地的正确识别率达到了88.9%。因此,应用近红外光谱分析技术可准确、快速地辨别葡萄酒的产地。 相似文献
5.
基于太赫兹时域光谱的转基因与非转基因棉花种子鉴别 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
太赫兹光谱是介于红外与微波间的电磁波谱,很多生物大分子在该波段具有指纹特性。为探索棉花种子的转基因机理和性状表达的太赫兹光谱特性,该文利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对3种转基因棉花种子和1种常规育种棉花种子进行了鉴别试验探索研究。试验首先研究了棉花种子压片制备方法,然后借助太赫兹时域光谱设备,采集了4种棉花种子在有效频率范围内的太赫兹光谱信息,进而对太赫兹光谱包含的特征信息进行了定性分析,并初步探讨了4种样品的太赫兹吸收特性。试验结果表明:4种棉花种子在太赫兹波段呈现不同的光谱响应特性,尤其是在其吸光系数光谱图中,3种转基因棉种在1.21、1.23和1.41 THz处,对太赫兹呈现明显的吸收,而非转基因棉种却呈现微弱的吸收或不吸收;这些明显的差异表明太赫兹光谱可以作为鉴别转基因/非转基因棉花种子有效工具,该研究可为进一步揭示太赫兹光谱检测机理,发展转/非转基因物质快速检测方法提供参考。 相似文献
6.
应用FT-IR光谱指纹分析和模式识别技术溯源茶叶产地的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用近红外光谱分析技术,对28份茶样品进行主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,浙江省龙井绿茶近红外原始光谱谱图差异较大,而不同产地龙井绿茶原始光谱间差异不甚明显。对原始光谱数学处理后对其进行主成份分析,发现在主成分空间内第1主成分得分绝大部分为正,继而对不同产地的样品进行主成分分析,西湖龙井有比较明显的主成分特征,区别于浙江龙井;"西湖龙井"主成份空间分布的离散度大于浙江各市县龙井的变异。对龙井绿茶样品进行聚类分析,得出相同产地的绿茶样品可聚为一类。初步表明应用近红外光谱分析技术可准确、快速、低廉地追溯茶叶的产地。 相似文献
7.
红外光谱法作为一种新的研究手段已经广泛应用于土壤分析,由其检测区域和手段的不同又可分为多种光谱类 型。本研究以第四纪黄土为例,系统地比较了近红外区和中红外区反射光谱和光声光谱的吸收特征及其差异。结果表明,中红外光谱比近红外光谱的信息更为丰富,且中红外光谱与样品中物质的特征吸收关系更加密切,从而更有利于土壤定性与定量分析。土壤的反射光谱和光声光谱表现出了明显不同的特征,在近红外区,反射光谱和光声光谱吸收明显不同,而在中红外区,反射光谱和光声光谱具有相对应的吸收,但相对吸收强度明显不同,且吸收峰的位置也发生改变,尤其在1 000 ~ 2 000 cm-1谱区,反射光谱相互干扰很强,而光声光谱的吸收特征更为明显。在黄土的分类鉴别上,反射光谱优于光声光谱。红外反射光谱和光声光谱在不同波段下具有不同的吸收灵敏度,在土壤定性与定量分析中各自都将具有其明显的优势。 相似文献
8.
可见/近红外光谱快速鉴别米粉辐照剂量 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了实现对不同剂量辐照处理后米粉的快速鉴别,提出了一种基于可见-近红外光谱技术的快速、无损检测方法。试验先利用不同剂量的60Coγ-射线对米粉进行辐照处理,得到了4种样品共200个样本。再应用ASD可见-近红外光谱仪获取所有样本的反射光谱数据,并采用主成分分析方法对数据进行聚类分析,将提取的前6个主成分作为BP神经网络的输入值,建立不同米粉样品的鉴别模型。结果表明,在设定偏差标准为±0.1的情况下,利用该模型对预测集样本进行鉴别,识别率达到100%。该文提出的方法具有很好的分类和鉴别作用,为快速鉴别米粉类产品是否经辐照灭菌及处理剂量等提供了新的技术方法。 相似文献
9.
近红外漫反射光谱技术快速无损识别灵芝和云芝提取物研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了满足食用菌提取物实际生产监管需要,本研究采用近红外漫反射光谱技术对来自不同地区的灵芝和云芝提取物样品进行定性识别研究。在800~2 750nm波段范围,采集灵芝和云芝提取物的漫反射光谱,应用主成分聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别法分别建立识别模型,用146个样品进行建模和48个外部样品集进行验证。结果表明:采用主成分聚类判别分析法,灵芝和云芝提取物的判别界线清晰,正确率达到88.54%;采用偏最小二乘判别法,建立的鉴别分类模型能较好地对灵芝和云芝提取物进行鉴别,校正集和预测集样品的识别正确率均为100%。因此,近红外结合主成分聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别法识别灵芝和云芝提取物是可行的,同时研究结果为灵芝和云芝提取物的快速识别提供了理论依据和使用方法。 相似文献
10.
应用MicroNIR 1700微型近红外光谱分析仪采集不同产地金银花样品的漫反射光谱,获得数据501份,采用KS (Kennard-Stone)方法对样品集进行划分,通过不同光谱预处理方法,利用偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)建立判别模型。结果显示,采用二阶导数和标准正态变量预处理光谱,金银花产地判别模型正确判别率可达100%。结果表明,不同产地来源金银花的近红外光谱特征有显著差异,使用便携式近红外方法可准确判别金银花产地。该方法可推广作为现场应用,具有较好的实际应用价值。 相似文献
11.
Galvis-Sánchez AC Lopes JA Delgadillo I Rangel AO 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11109-11116
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode was explored with the objective of discriminating sea salts according to their quality type (traditional salt vs "flower of salt") and geographical origin (Atlantic vs Mediterranean). Sea salts were also analyzed in terms of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), alkalinity, and sulfate concentrations to support spectroscopic results. High concentrations of Mg(2+) and K(+) characterized Atlantic samples, while a high Ca(2+) content was observed in traditional sea salts. A partial least-squares discriminant analysis model considering the 8500-7500 cm(-1) region permitted the discrimination of salts by quality types. The regions 4650-4350 and 5900-5500 cm(-1) allowed salts classification according to their geographical origin. It was possible to classify correctly 85.3 and 94.8% of the analyzed samples according to the salt type and to the geographical origin, respectively. These results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy is a suitable and very efficient tool for sea salt quality evaluation. 相似文献
12.
The antioxidant activity of fresh and rehydrated sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) samples with/without internal organs was evaluated for the first time. In addition, their proximate, amino acid, and fatty acid compositions were examined. Rehydrated sea cucumber samples in distilled water were prepared from oven-dried products. All samples contained 83-90% moisture, but showed a significant difference among groups in their protein and lipid contents. Glutamic acid was the predominant amino acid in sea cucumber, followed by glycine and aspartic acid. Essential amino acids such as leucine and lysine were also present at high levels. The trend for free amino acid was different from that of total amino acids and varied among groups. Lipids in sea cucumber were dominated by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), ranging from 43.2 to 56.7% of the total fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) was present at a much lower concentration of 2.0-5.8%. All sea cucumber samples exhibited radical scavenging property against 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, with rehydrated samples, especially those with internal organs, possessing higher antioxidant activity than their fresh counterparts. No correlation existed between radical scavenging capacity and total phenolics content, suggesting that other components, in addition to phenolic compounds, contribute to the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber. 相似文献
13.
热泵-热风组合干燥方式对干制海参品质的改善 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
为了提高干制海参的品质,该文在热风干燥的基础上,利用热泵－热风组合干燥的方式干燥腌渍海参,对不同干燥方式下海参的干燥特性（干燥特性曲线,收缩系数和产品品质）进行测定,对干燥结束后海参的复水品质（复水倍数,流变学参数,感官评价）与传统的热风干燥进行分析比较,结果表明：组合干燥海参的平均收缩系数最小,为16.64,而平均复水倍数为10.18,远高于热风干燥产品;产品流变学特性及硬度,弹性,柔韧度,黏性均较热风处理后海参理想。结果表明：组合干燥可以明显提高干燥后海参的复水倍数和复水品质,产品的感官品质好。 相似文献
14.
Norio Fukuzaki Tsuyoshi Ohizumi Kazuhide Matsuda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1673-1678
The geographical and temporal variations of chemical constituents in winter precipitation collected in the areas along the coast of the Sea of Japan (AASJ) were discussed by analyzing the data obtained in the 1st and 2nd National Acid Deposition Survey by Japan Environmental Laboratories Association. In western Tohoku (WT) and Hokuriku (HR) areas in AASJ, in spite of large amounts of precipitation in winter, concentrations of non sea salt (nss-)SO4 2? are not as low as the other areas, and nss-Ca2+ in these areas is lower than the other areas. As a result, H+ concentrations of precipitation in these areas are somewhat higher than other areas. From the temporal analysis of daily sampled data and back trajectory analysis of air mass, it was found that the concentrations of nss-SO4 2?, NO3 ?, NH4 + and nss-Ca2+ are correlatively varied when air mass come from the Asian Continent, showing higher concentrations at the western sites in AASJ and depending on the meteorological conditions such as the direction of in flow air mass. 相似文献
15.
Jiyong Shi Wenting Li Xiaodong Zhai Zhiming Guo Mel Holmes Haroon Elrasheid Tahir 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(20):2773-2783
AbstractA new and nondestructive method for diagnosing magnesium (Mg) deficiency based on chlorophyll concentration distribution features of cucumber leaves was proposed. Mg deficient cucumber plants and Control plants were grown under non-soil conditions with special nutrient supply. Cucumber leaves were employed to collect hyperspectral images using a visible and near infrared (VIS/NIR) hyperspectral imaging system (400–900?nm) and determine reference chlorophyll concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An optimal chlorophyll concentration calibration model (Rp = 0.9087) was constructed and used to detect chlorophyll distribution maps of Mg deficient leaves and Control leaves. Results shown that chlorophyll content distributed more unevenly on Mg deficient leaves than Control leaves. The Standard Deviation (SD) value of the chlorophyll content at all the pixels on a chlorophyll distribution map was calculated for Mg deficient diagnostics. An Mg deficiency diagnostics model with satisfied performance (diagnostic rate 93.33%) was obtained. The result indicated the SD value of chlorophyll concentrations on the whole cucumber leaf could be employed to diagnose Mg deficiency nondestructively. 相似文献
16.
基于对比度受限直方图均衡化的水下海参图像增强方法 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
针对水下图像受到水下复杂光照的影响导致图像对比度差的现象,采用对比度受限自适应直方图均衡化方法(contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization,CLAHE)对水下海参图像进行增强处理,算法首先将原始图像分割成若干个子区域并且大小相同,再选取特定值对每个子区域的直方图进行截取,并将截取下的像素均匀分配到每个灰度级,最终得到限定对比度直方图。并通过研究算法中的相关参数,得到适用于水下海参图像增强的参数值,取得了更好的增强效果。通过评价函数均方差(mean squared error,MSE),峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise rate,PSNR)和信息熵(information entropy)对比CLAHE方法和其他一些方法,结果显示CLAHE算法在水下海参图像提高质量和保持图像细节方面表现出更好的性能,为以后水下机器人的识别定位提供了方便。 相似文献
17.
Liu L Cozzolino D Cynkar WU Gishen M Colby CB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6754-6759
Visible (vis) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to classify the geographical origin of commercial Tempranillo wines from Australia and Spain. Wines (n = 63) were scanned in the vis and NIR regions (400-2500 nm) in a monochromator instrument in transmission. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on PCA scores were used to classify Tempranillo wines according to their geographical origin. Full cross-validation (leave-one-out) was used as validation method when PCA and LDA classification models were developed. PLS-DA models correctly classified 100% and 84.7% of the Australian and Spanish Tempranillo wine samples, respectively. LDA calibration models correctly classified 72% of the Australian wines and 85% of the Spanish wines. These results demonstrate the potential use of vis and NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics as a rapid method to classify Tempranillo wines accordingly to their geographical origin. 相似文献
18.
随着海参养殖业快速发展,利用水下机器人代替人工作业的海参智能捕捞已成为发展趋势。浅海环境复杂,海参体色与环境区分性差、海参呈现半遮蔽状态等原因,导致目标识别准确率低下。此外由于景深运动,远端海参作为小目标常常未被识别成功。为解决上述问题,该研究提出一种基于改进SSD网络的海参目标检测算法。首先通过RFB（Receptive Field Block）模块扩大浅层特征感受野,利用膨胀卷积对特征图进行下采样,增加海参细节、位置等信息,并结合注意力机制,对不同深度特征进行强化,将计算得出的权重与原特征信息相乘以此获得特征图,使结果包含最具代表性的特征,也抑制无关特征。最后实现特征图融合,进一步提升水下海参的识别精度。以实际拍摄的视频进行测试验证,在网络结构层面上,对传统算法进行改进。试验结果表明,基于改进的SSD网络的海参目标检测算法的平均精度均值为95.63%,检测帧速为10.70帧/s,相较于传统的SSD算法,在平均精度均值提高3.85个百分点的同时检测帧速仅减少2.8帧/s。与Faster R-CNN算法和YOLOv4算法进行对比试验,该研究算法在平均精度均值指标上,分别比YOLOv4、Faster R-CNN算法提高4.19个百分点、1.74个百分点。在检测速度方面,该研究算法较YOLOv4、Faster R-CNN算法分别低4.6帧/s、高3.95帧/s,试验结果表明,综合考虑准确率与运行速度,改进后的SSD算法较适合进行海参智能捕捞任务。研究结果为海参智能捕捞提供参考。 相似文献
19.
为了预测鲜枣常温贮藏的保鲜期,确保鲜枣的品质要求及食用安全,应用近红外光谱建立了室温贮藏下鲜枣内部霉菌菌落总数变化的动力学模型。通过对几种数据预处理方法的比较及特征波数的选择,实现了鲜枣霉菌菌落总数变化的近红外模型的优选。结果表明:经过多元散射校正处理的鲜枣近红外光谱,应用多元线性回归方法建立的霉菌菌落总数模型预测能力较好,校正集相关系数为0.920,均方根误差为1.503,预测集相关系数为0.889,均方根误差为1.514。同时,将近红外光谱模型应用于霉菌菌落总数随贮藏时间变化的零级反应动力学模型中,得到模型的相关系数为0.981。根据近红外光谱吸光度值与贮藏时间的线性关系,当霉菌菌落总数初始值小于等于10cfu/g时,预测出鲜枣在室温下的保鲜期一般为8d。研究表明,结合动力学模型的近红外光谱技术可以作为一种无损、快速检测方法来检测鲜枣霉菌菌落总数变化。 相似文献
20.
Xu J Duan J Xue C Feng T Dong P Sugawara T Hirata T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12246-12253
Sphingolipids constitute a highly diverse and complex class of molecules and exhibit important physiological functions. Glucocerebrosides are anticipated to play a positive role in human nutrition. In this study, complicated glucocerebrosides from three specimens of edible sea cucumbers, specifically, Acaudina molpadioides, Cucumaria frondosa, and Apostichopus japonicus, were rapidly identified using liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF), which is a powerful analysis tool. [M + H](+), [M + Na](+), and [M + H - H(2)O](+) in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were used for MS/MS analysis to obtain product ion spectra. Various long-chain bases of glucocerebrosides were found in these sea cucumbers. Two of the most common long-chain bases were 2-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-4-heptadecene (d17:1) and 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2), which were acylated to form saturated and monounsaturated nonhydroxy and monohydroxy fatty acids with 18-25 carbon atoms. The glucocerebroside molecular species were the most complicated in the sea cucumber C. frondosa and were the simplest in the sea cucumber A. molpadioides. 相似文献