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杂交香稻的香味遗传模式及育种研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
以川香28A和川香84A与无香味的恢复系CDR22、成恢177等杂交,研究F1和F2单粒稻米的香味遗传特点。结果表明F1稻米无香味,恢复系的无香味表现胚乳直感现象;杂种稻米(F2)无香味∶有香味符合15∶1的遗传分离比。川香28A与香稻恢复系636杂交,F1和杂种稻米(F2)的每粒米都有香味。结合过去的有关研究,提出杂交香稻香味遗传的双基因模式。介绍了运用香稻亲本转育香味基因,选育香稻保持系、恢复系和杂交香稻的育种方法和进展。 相似文献
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MR365的香味遗传及在杂交稻育种中的利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以ＭＲ３６５及其作香味供体育成的香稻不育系湘香２号Ａ、新香Ａ、湘香２号Ｓ与Ｖ２０Ｂ、Ｖ４１Ｂ、珍汕９７Ｂ、明恢６３等非香亲本杂交,采用ＫＯＨ溶液法测定杂交组合Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１Ｆ１植株和Ｆ２米粒的香味表现,结果表明,ＭＲ３６５的香味遗传受１对隐性核基因控制。在杂交水稻育种中,利用ＭＲ３６５育成了几个香稻不育系,并选配出一批香型杂交稻组合,其中香优６３、新香优７７、新香优８０等高产优质组合已通过省级审（认）定,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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香稻不育系新香A的选育及其香型杂交稻的应用研究概述 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
湖南杂交水稻研究中心于1984年开始从事优质高产杂交稻选育研究,利用国外优质香稻资源MR365,经过近10 a的努力,率先育成我国第1个不育性稳定、可恢复性好、配合力强、异交结实率较高且米质优良的香稻不育系新香A.首次采用香稻不育系与非香的恢复系配组的方式育成香型杂交稻.香型杂交稻具有不同于普通常规香稻品种或杂交香稻(香稻不育系/香稻恢复系)的特性,普通香稻或杂交香稻的植株及其上所结籽粒均表现出香味,而香型杂交稻的植株是非香的,且其植株上所结籽粒仅有一小部分具有香味.这种类型的香稻恰好符合人们的饮食习惯.迄今为止,以新香A为母本已配制出一大批香型杂交稻组合,其中7个组合已先后通过湖南、湖北、江西、福建、广西和贵州等省的省级品种审定或国家品种审定.这些组合不仅表现出高产(在各省区试和全国区试中比对照增产1.06～11.2%),而且米质较优,食味好,且部分籽粒具有香味,目前已开始在全国范围内推广应用,深受广大农民喜爱.综述了香味供体亲本MR365及其衍生品种(系)的香味遗传、新香A的选育及其香型杂交稻的生产应用概况. 相似文献
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湖南杂交水稻研究中心于1984的开始从事优质高产杂交稻选育研究，利用国外优质香稻资源MR365，经过近lOa的努力，率先育成我国第1个不育性稳定、可恢复性好、配合力强、异交结实率较高且米质优良的香稻不育系新香A，首次采用香稻不育系与非香的恢复系配组的方式育成香型杂交稻，香型杂交稻具有不同于普通常规香稻品种或杂交香稻（香稻不育系／香稻恢复系)的特性，普通香稻或杂交香稻的植株及其上所结籽均表现出香味，而香型杂交稻的植株是非香的，且其植株上所结籽粒仅有一小部分具有香味，这种类型的香稻恰好符合人们的饮食习惯，迄今为止，以新香A为母本已配制出一大批香型杂交稻组合，其中7个组合已先后通过湖南、湖北、江西、福建、广西和贵州等省的省级品种审定或国家品种审定，这些组合不仅表现出高产（在各省区试和全国区试中比对照增产l.06％～11.2％)，而且米质较优，食味好，且部分籽粒具有香味，目前已开始在全国范围内推广应用，深受广大农民喜爱，综述了香味供体亲本MR365及其衍生品种（系）的香味遗传、新香A的选育及其香型杂交稻的生产应用概况。 相似文献
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以对纹枯病（Rhizoctonia solaniKühn）有良好抗性的水稻品种ZH5为母本,与对纹枯病抗性较差的泸恢17、多系1号和GR83个恢复系进行杂交,获得杂交F1、F2代,于2005—2006年在杭州田间对亲本和杂交后代进行了纹枯病抗性人工接种鉴定及植株生物学性状考查。结果表明,杂交F1代植株对纹枯病的抗性水平介于双亲之间,大多数农艺性状表现出超亲优势或介于双亲之间;同一杂交组合F2代群体内纹枯病抗性分离较大;不同杂交组合间群体内抗、感纹枯病植株分布差异较大。植株对纹枯病的抗性与株型性状相关不显著,主要决定于品种自身的抗性遗传背景。 相似文献
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金早6号雄性不育材料杂交后代的遗传观察表明,金早6号雄性不育性属单基因隐性遗传。雄性不育性与褐色颖壳两个性状属独立遗传。用金早6号雄性不育株与可育株杂交F1植株为父本,10个早籼品种为母本,配制10个复交组合。F1代正常可育。F2代10个早籼胞质的组合都分离出雄性不育株。未发现与雄性不育基因互作导致可育的胞质类型。 相似文献
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大豆花叶病毒(SMV)株系SC9是浙江省大豆产区的流行株系。利用对该株系表现抗病的鲜食大豆材料开心绿宝石、辽02-M03、23037-1、闽豆5号与感病材料浙鲜豆4号、南农1138-2、11W68配制抗感和抗抗杂交组合。通过人工摩擦接种法进行鉴定,分析鲜食大豆抗病品种对株系SC9的抗性遗传及等位性。结果表明:开心绿宝石、辽02-M03、23037-1、闽豆5号与感病材料杂交的F1代均表现抗病,F2群体表现3抗∶1感的分离比例,F2∶3家系表现1抗∶2分离∶1感的分离比例,表明4份抗源材料对SC9的抗性由单显性基因控制。抗抗组合开心绿宝石×辽02-M03的F2群体和F2∶3家系全部表现抗病,表明开心绿宝石与辽02-M03对SC9的抗性基因是等位或紧密连锁的。而抗抗组合闽豆5号×辽02-M03的F2群体表现15抗∶1感的分离比例,表明闽豆5号与辽02-M03对SC9的抗性基因是不等位的,而且独立遗传。 相似文献
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WANG Ji-feng Lu Zuo-mei 《水稻科学》2006,13(4):243-249
The cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS-lines) and photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (P/TGMS-lines) are important genetic tools in hybrid rice breeding, which served as the female parents of the three-line and two-line hybrid rice breeding system, respectively. It has been reported that the CMS system possesses complete and stable sterility which is controlled by the interaction of the abortive cytoplasm and nucleus genes from their cognate B-lines [1] but TGMS-lines used t… 相似文献
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To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar with aroma and other desirable grain quality characters such as long grain and low chalkiness, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines with good combining ability but poor grain quality. In the meantime, we also conducted the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency. Through years of research and breeding practices, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A and a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids mated from these aromatic CMS lines have been developed and released for commercial production in China. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives including Xiangxiang 2 A, Xinxiang A and Xiang 2B S was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the identification of aroma by the KOH-soaking method. We also found that there existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor such as Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes. Xiangxiang 2 A, developed from the cross of V20A∥V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A/Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed and approved to release to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or NOT ALL grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. However, Xiangxiang 2 A has an evident drawback, i.e., instablility in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of restoring minor genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2 A, we made hybridization of Xiangxiang 2 B with V20 B again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2 A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them such as Xinxiangyou 63 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 63), Xinxiangyou 77 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 77), Xinxiangyou 80 (Xinxiang A/R80), Xinxiangyou 207 (Xinxiang A/R207) and Xinxiangyou 96 (Xinxiang A/R96) have been released to farmers. Such hybrids have been preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China, because they can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, especially, they are naturally-mixed aromatic rice so that it can be consumed daily just like non-aromatic common rice. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China. It is expected that the quasi-aromatic hybrid rice will have a good prospect in the coming years. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):63-69
AbstractIn this study, we collected native aromatic rice cultivars from north, east and northeast of Afghanistan, and check cultivars from Japan, Thailand and India. We characterized some important agronomic characters such as plant height, panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, 1,000-grain weight, grain length and grain width to find the desirable characters for breeding programs. Many of them were classified into tall culm rice according to IRRI index, but had thin and slender grain, and strong aroma which are favorable characteristics in Afghanistan and surrounding regions. The aromatic character was characterized by three methods, 1.7% KOH sensory test, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. These three methods gave similar results. Six out of 10 Afghan native rice cultivars were aromatic and four non-aromatic. Among the check cultivars, Basmati 370, Jasmine 85, Izayoi, Oitakoutou and Jakouine were aromatic and Nipponbare non-aromatic. Improvement of aromatic and high yielding rice and reduction of plant height are the important objectives for rice breeding in Afghanistan. The results showed that Pashadi Konar from Afghanistan has the intermediate plant height, heavier 1,000-grain weight (32 g), longer grain (11 mm) and favorable aroma. Therefore, this cultivar may be a good source of aromatic rice germplasm in Afghanistan. To clarify the genetic nature of aroma in rice, we crossed non-aromatic cultivar Nipponbare with aromatic cultivar Jasmine 85, and examined the aromatic character in the F2 generation by 1.7% KOH sensory test and PCR analysis. Non-aromatic and aromatic characters were segregated at a ratio of 3:1, showing that aroma is controlled by a single recessive gene. 相似文献
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中国粳稻春江06抗白背飞虱的遗传 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了高抗白背飞虱、对白背飞虱的抗性表现为拒取食性和杀卵作用的中国粳稻春江06和感虫籼稻品种TN1正反交获得的F1和F2代拒取食性和杀卵作用的遗传方式.所有的F1稻株都具有拒取食和杀卵作用.两种抗性在F2代中以3∶1的抗感比例独立分离.
具有拒取食和杀卵抗性的不同组合的4种表现型以9∶3∶3∶1分离.表型分离说明春江06中的拒取食性和杀卵抗性分别受一个显性基因控制.采用常规的杂交方法可以容易地将春江06中的拒取食抗性导入日本粳稻品种日本晴、北陆-153和越光中. 相似文献
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为了研究华山新麦草染色体在小麦-华山新麦草各衍生世代中的遗传规律并建立一套小麦-华山新麦草异源附加系,对小麦-华山新麦草BC1F2到BC1F5共315个植株进行细胞学检测和GISH分析,结果表明,染色体数目分布范围为40～54,2n≥43的植株有223株,占总观察株数的70.79%;早代植株携带华山新麦草染色体的概率较高,植株染色体数目多大于44,随着自交代数的增加,外源染色体丢失的概率也在增大.因而在选育小麦-华山新麦草异附加系时,在BC1F4和BC1F5世代选择效果较好;通过对染色体数目2n=44的42个植株进行GISH分析,筛选出39个二体附加植株. 相似文献
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太湖流域粳稻地方品种产量相关性状的遗传分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对亲本穗部性状差异较大的3个杂交组合,大头稻/呆长青（组合Ⅰ）、老来红/盐粳2号（组合Ⅱ）和呆长青/上海青（组合Ⅲ）的后裔世代的产量相关性状进行了遗传分离分析,得到了这些性状的最适遗传模型。结果表明：组合Ⅰ每穗总粒数的最适遗传模型为一对主基因+加性 显性多基因混合模型,而组合Ⅱ、Ⅲ为一对完全显性主基因+加性 显性多基因遗传模型;组合Ⅱ、Ⅲ的单株有效穗数受一对主基因控制,组合Ⅰ则受两对主基因控制;组合Ⅰ、Ⅱ千粒重的遗传模型为两对主基因+多基因模型,组合Ⅲ为一对主基因+多基因遗传模型;每穗实粒数为两对主基因遗传模型。选用P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2六世代联合分离分析方法,相比于单个分离世代的分析方法,增加了试验的精确度,保证了分析结果的准确性,并可鉴别多基因的存在。根据试验结果,分析了不同性状、不同组合的育种策略。 相似文献