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奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率高、流行广,是导致奶业经济损失最大的疾病。为了解昆明市奶牛场隐性乳房炎的流行状况,采用加州乳房炎检测法(CMT)对昆明市周边3个标准化奶牛场和3个奶牛合作社奶牛按照30%比例进行随机抽样检查。在抽检的2 297份乳样中,隐性乳房炎阳性数为897份,阳性率为39.05%,规模化奶牛场的隐性乳房炎阳性率(28.79%)显著低于奶牛合作社(56.21%)(P<0.01);奶牛后乳区发病率(69.34%)明显高于前乳区(57.64%);随着产犊胎次的增加,奶牛乳房炎患病率随之显著增高。本调查对掌握昆明地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病情况,以及早发现和控制该病发生、提高牛奶质量具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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乳房炎对称乳痈、奶黄、奶肿，是由于瘀血毒气凝结于乳房而成为痈肿，乳房出现硬、肿、热、痛，病牛拒绝幼畜吃奶或人工挤奶，是对奶牛养殖业危害最严重的疾病之一，特别是隐性乳房炎，由于没有明显的临床症状，不仅会降低奶牛乳产量和质量，而且还可能传染给其他奶牛，导致疾病的扩散。因此，对隐性乳房炎进行监测是奶牛场最重要的工作之一。由于患隐性乳房炎的奶牛没有明显的临床症状，因此只能运用各种方法对乳汁进行检测，通过有关生理、生化等指标的变化来判断和评价乳房炎的发生情况。 相似文献
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乳房炎是对奶牛养殖业危害最严重的疾病之一,特别是隐性乳房炎,由于没有明显的临床症状,不仅会导致奶牛乳产量和质量的降低,而且还可能传染给其他奶牛,导致疾病的扩散。因此,对隐性乳房炎进行监测是奶牛场最重要的工作之一,由于患隐性乳房炎的病奶牛没有明显的临床症状,因此只有运用各种方法对乳汁进行检测，通过有关生理、生化等指标的变化来判断和评价乳房炎的发生情况。 相似文献
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一、奶牛乳房炎
奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业最常见的疾病之一.全世界约有2.2亿头奶牛,其中约1/3奶牛患各种类型的乳房炎.据报道,美国每年因奶牛乳房炎造成的损失达20亿美元,而我国奶牛乳房炎的发病率则高于世界平均水平.有资料报道:某牛场临床型乳房炎及阳性乳区分别为8.47％和3.32％;隐性乳房炎及阳性乳区分别为78.94％和50.34％;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为86.67％、87.83％和73.00％;检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌.奶牛乳房炎造成的损失约70％是由隐性乳房炎引起的产奶量下降,我国每年因隐性乳房炎造成的损失约达1.35亿元人民币. 相似文献
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旨在研究奶牛隐性乳房炎导致产奶量下降和乳成分的变化.使用气相色谱仪测定57头荷斯坦奶牛(其中32头患隐性乳房炎)乳中脂肪酸组分,比较正常乳和隐性乳房炎乳中脂肪酸的组分.结果表明:共检出21种脂肪酸,隐性乳房炎乳中棕榈油酸(C16:1)的含量高于正常乳,其他20种脂肪酸均低于正常乳,其中有9种显著低于正常乳(P<0.05),2种极显著低于正常乳(P<0.01);隐性乳房炎降低了牛奶中脂肪酸的总含量及饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量;隐性乳房炎乳中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的百分比高于正常乳,多不饱和脂肪酸的百分比则低于正常乳.结果提示,隐性乳房炎影响奶牛脂肪酸合成过程,改变了脂肪酸的组分. 相似文献
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中药"乳炎灵"注射液对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗试验 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
奶牛隐性乳房炎是严重危害乳产业的三大疾病之一 ,主要是由链球菌、葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等病原微生物引起的。美国 110 0万头泌乳奶牛中的 5 0 %患有隐性乳房炎 [1 ] ,而我国乳房炎的发病率则更高 ,临床型为 33.4 1% ,隐性乳房炎为73.91,阳性乳区 4 4 .74 % [2 ] 。笔者等对江苏 2个奶牛场的 30 0头泌乳期奶牛进行调查 ,阳性 185头 ,奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率平均达 6 1.6 7%。奶牛隐性乳房炎没有明显的临床症状 ,但是可以使产奶量下降 10 %～ 15 % [3] ,并且乳质量下降 ,有的还转化成临床型乳房炎。通常采用抗生素进行治疗 ,效果不稳定 ,容易复… 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的发生、分类与防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1奶牛乳房炎的发生情况乳房炎是奶牛经常发生的疾病,是造成奶牛生产经济损失的重要原因之一。奶牛业发达的美国现有1100万头泌乳牛,患有隐性乳房炎的达50%。我国北京、上海等地调查,隐性乳房炎发病率在60%左右,2003年东北农业大学在哈尔滨市郊区进行了隐性乳房炎的调查,发病率高达75%,造成的损失每头患病牛每年1526.25元。乳房炎的病原体有80~130多种,其中主要的病原为无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉形体、乳房链球菌、大肠杆菌等。2奶牛乳房炎的分类奶牛乳房炎分为急性型,慢性型和隐性乳房炎。2.1急性型乳房炎特征是乳房红、… 相似文献
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乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病,随着奶牛产业的蓬勃发展,乳房炎已经成为制约该产业的瓶颈之一。从甘肃省武威市凉州区5个奶牛养殖场采集了1 000头荷斯坦奶牛共计3 991份奶样,对临床型和非临床型(隐性)乳房炎分别通过临床症状和兰州隐性乳房炎诊断液(LMT)进行诊断。结果显示:该地区奶牛临床型乳房炎发病率18.20%,亚临床型乳房炎发病率36.50%,总阳性率54.70%,总阳性乳区率54.72%。从阳性奶样中分离纯化得到的主要病原菌为链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,且在不同类型乳房炎中的分布情况不同,临床型中链球菌属最多(54.37%),亚临床型中金黄色葡萄球菌最多(48.56%)。对主要病原菌进行药敏试验,结果表明治疗凉州区奶牛乳房炎的最佳药物应为喹诺酮类和庆大霉素类。 相似文献
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在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。 相似文献
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Smallholder dairy farmers in Tanzania appear to be unaware of the subclinical mastitis situation in their cows. A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and September 2002 on smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region. The study objectives were to establish the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and related risk indicators, and to assess their contribution to the occurrence of subclinical mastitis. Three field procedures based on the principles of herd health and production management were followed: clinical, farm and data inspection. The California mastitis test (CMT) was carried out on quarter milk samples to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. A total of 182 lactating cows from 62 herds were investigated. Clinical inspection indicated that 3.8% of the lactating cows had clinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 90.3% of lactating cows screened. Farm inspection revealed that water scarcity, barn size, residual suckling, single udder-towel and dairy labourers as the most substantial (p < 0.05) risk indicators. Although most of the risk indicators studied were not found to be statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, possibly owing to sample size and the presence of confounders, the epidemiological need to address such risk indicators cannot be overemphasized. 相似文献
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The objective of this research was to explore the potential association between Coxiella burnetii shedding in milk and chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. In two separate studies, we identified an association between PCR-based detection of C. burnetii in milk and chronic subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. These studies were conducted in a commercial dairy herd where there was ongoing intensive monitoring of subclinical mastitis by aerobic bacteriology, but no prior knowledge or management of C. burnetii infections. In a case-control study, quarter level C. burnetii status determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was strongly associated with chronic subclinical mastitis as measured by milk somatic cell counts. In a subsequent cross sectional study, 147 (45%) of 325 lactating cows were positive for C. burnetii by RT-qPCR of composite milk samples. In a generalized linear model, accounting for the effect of covariates including aerobic intramammary infection status, C. burnetii PCR status was a significant predictor of linear somatic cell count score. In agreement with a small number of previous reports, this research provides evidence that there may be mammary gland specific manifestations of C. burnetii infections in dairy cattle. 相似文献
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大连地区奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确引起大连地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌及其发病情况,对大连市不同地区的256头黑白花泌乳奶牛进行调查研究,对奶牛隐性乳房炎奶样进行病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果表明,检出奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为65.63%、乳区阳性率为51.95%;病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、链球菌(Streptococcus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为主,占检出细菌总数的83.33%;体外药敏试验筛选出了对主要病原菌高度敏感的药物,能有效地治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎。 相似文献
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Gao Guisheng Wu Tonglei Zhang Zhiqiang Yang Zongze Fu Zhixin Zou Fengping Gao Guangping An Jiwei Yao Weiping Shi Qiumei 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,(1)
In this study, the milk samples of 1 021 cows in eight dairy farms in Eastern Hebei Province were collected and detected with LMT reagent and somatic cell count for subclinical mastitis. Pathogenic bacteria in subclinical mastitis positive milk samples were isolated and identified.The results showed that 60.63%(619/1 021) of the sampled cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, and mixed infections accounted for 88.21%(546/619) of the cases. In addition, 82 strains of 14 species were isolated from the subclinical mastitis positive milk samples, including 36 strains of Staphylococcus(43.90%), 33 strains of Streptococcus(40.24%), 8 strains of Enterobacteriaceae(9.76%) and 5 strains of Corynebacterium(6.10%), respectively. The results proved that Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are the main pathogenic bacteria causing bovine subclinical mastitis in Eastern Hebei Province. 相似文献
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Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Pyörälä S 《Veterinary research》2003,34(5):565-578
Mastitis affects the quality of milk and is a potential health risk for the other cows. In a well managed dairy herd, in addition to clinical mastitis, subclinical mastitis should be efficiently detected. Bacteriological sampling is not feasible as a routine test to identify subclinical mastitis, and indirect tests of mastitis are more suitable for selecting cows with intramammary infections for subsequent bacteriological sampling. Mastitis affects the composition of milk, and the degree of changes depends on the infecting agent and the inflammatory response. Indicators of inflammation in the milk which can be determined using rapid, reliable and easy routine techniques, can be used for the early detection of mastitis. The measuring of the somatic cell count in milk is the standard method, but the analysis technique is problematic for routine use in herds. The most promising parameters for monitoring subclinical mastitis are milk N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, lactose, and electrical conductivity along with some other indicators such as optical and milk flow measurements, preferably with an inter-quarter evaluation included in the test. Acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, are also potential candidates for mastitis monitoring. New mastitis detection systems which can be adapted into on-line use are urgently needed, since dairy units are growing bigger and automatic milking systems are being taken into use. 相似文献
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The economic benefit of treating subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in lactating cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M Yamagata W J Goodger L Weaver C Franti 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,191(12):1556-1561
The economic benefits of treating lactating cows for Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis were studied at a large (689 milking cows) central California dairy. Postcure milk production of case cows (infected, treated, and cured) was compared with production of paired control cows (uninfected) and was matched for yield, days in milk, days in gestation, and parity. A simulation was used to plot expected lactation curves for mastitic cows (infected, not treated) with characteristics similar to those of each control cow, and these curves were compared with actual case-cow lactation curves. The difference in actual and expected production was used to calculate net economic benefits of treatment. Comparison of expected with actual production indicated a net benefit from treatment of $396/cow for cows treated in early lactation and $237 for cows treated in midlactation, but a net loss of $55 for cows treated in late lactation. Lactation number did not have a significant impact on economic benefits of treatment. In contrast to other studies indicating no economic benefit from treating mastitis during lactation, this study's positive results may have been attributable to the high cure rate (98%) and the subclinical form of mastitis being treated. Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis treatment during early and midlactation would appear to be an economically justifiable option for dairy managers. 相似文献
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目的 本研究旨在摸清兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床乳房炎流行规律,为该病的防控提供参考。方法 采用加州奶牛亚临床乳房炎试验（CMT）方法对3 家规模化奶牛场的547 头泌乳奶牛进行亚临床乳房炎检测,调查该病与奶牛胎次、泌乳期和乳区的关系。结果 奶牛阳性率为20.11%,乳区阳性率为10.88%;1~2、3~4和≥5胎次的奶牛发病率分别为13.37%、20.53%和29.46%;泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期发病率分别为15.11%、22.12%和30.89%;乳区阳性率介于8.59%~13.16%。结论 兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床型乳房炎的发病率相对较低,与胎次、泌乳期存在正相关,与乳区无明显关系。 相似文献