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关于推进中国奶牛全混合日粮饲养技术的思考 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
全混合日粮（total mixed ration ,TMR）饲养技术的使用能够保证奶牛摄入均衡的营养,节省大量的人力和物力,并提高奶牛的生产性能,在中国加快推进TMR饲养技术有着重要的现实意义。而中国现阶段奶牛的饲养模式主要以小规模养殖为主,由于缺乏资金和技术支持,大多数中、小型奶牛场、养殖户还不能使用TMR饲喂技术来提高奶牛生产性能。TMR配送服务是由专门的配送公司集中生产不同饲养阶段的TMR日粮,再提供给周边养牛户的一种生产配送形式。此种方式可以使小规模奶牛养殖户也能用到TMR饲喂技术,从而提高奶牛生产水平,增加养殖者收益,并且推进TMR技术在中国的推广和应用。 相似文献
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正全混合日粮(TMR)技术是一种先进的奶牛饲养技术,国内外研究表明:采用全混合日粮饲喂奶牛,能够保证奶牛摄入均衡的营养,提高奶牛的生产性能,并节省大量的人力和物力。全混合日粮饲喂技术,并不是简单地将粗饲料、精饲料、饲料添加剂等搅拌后饲喂,其中有多个关键控制点需要注意。1 TMR搅拌机的选择牧场一旦采用全混合日粮饲喂技术后,TMR 相似文献
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全混合日粮,又称TMR （TotalMixedRation）,指根据不同生长发育及泌乳阶段奶牛的营养需求和饲养战略,按照营养专家计算提供的配方,用特制的TMR饲料搅拌机对日粮各组分进行科学的混合,供奶牛自由采食的日粮.实践应用证明,奶牛全混合日粮（TMR）调制饲喂技术对维持奶牛健康和提高生产性能有明显效果[1-3].本文着重说明了TMR饲喂技术中的关键环节,具体包括搅拌设备的选择、选择适合的容积、合理设计TMR操作规程、注意事项等. 相似文献
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TMR是一种将粗饲料、精饲料、矿物质、维生素和其他添加剂充分混合,能够提供足够营养以满足奶牛需要的饲养技术。TMR饲养技术在配套技术措施和性能优良的TMR机械的基础上,能够保证奶牛每采食一口日粮,都是精粗比例稳定、营养价值一致的全价日粮。目前这种成熟的奶牛饲喂技术在以色列、美国、意大利和加拿大等国已经普遍使用,我国正在逐渐推广使用中。 相似文献
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全混合日粮(Totally Mixed Rations,简称TMR)是一种将粗饲料、精饲料、矿物质、维生素和其他添加剂充分混合,提供满足奶牛营养需要的饲料。TMR饲养技术是在TMR的基础上保证奶牛所有采食的日粮都是精粗比例稳定、营养均衡的全价日粮。TMR饲养技术在奶牛业发达国家已经有几十年的 相似文献
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1正确理解TMR的含义
TMR是英文Total Mixed Rations（全价混合日粮）的简称,所谓全价混合日粮（TMR）是一种将粗料、精料、矿物质、维生素和其它添加剂充分混合,能够提供足够的营养以满足奶牛需要的饲养技术。TMR饲养技术在配套技术措施和性能优良的TMR机械的基础上能够保证奶牛每采食一口日粮都是精粗比例稳定、营养浓度一致的全价日粮。也就是说全价混合日粮是建立在合理的搅拌机加工后实现的。 相似文献
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全混合日粮（TMR）饲养奶牛是惟一将粗饲料、精饲料、矿物质、维生素和其他添加剂充分混合,让奶牛每采食一口日粮,都是精粗比例稳定、营养浓度一致的全价日粮,给牛只提供足够的平衡营养物质的饲养技术.通过采用TMR饲养技术,能够有效地提高奶牛的产量,实现最佳的繁殖率和最大的利润.根据多年来的工作经验,总结出几点操作方法与诀窍,供大家参考. 相似文献
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为了研究裹包全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂方式对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响,本试验选择24头泌乳天数为(124±20)d的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2个处理组,进行为期10周的饲养试验。对照组采用传统的精粗分开饲喂方式,试验组采用裹包TMR饲喂方式,精粗分开饲喂组和裹包TMR饲喂组的日粮配方组成和比例均相同,日粮精料比例为50∶50,裹包TMR水分含量调整为50%。结果表明,1)饲喂裹包TMR,可以显著增加干物质采食量(P<0.05),提高产奶量7.69%并提高3.5%标准乳产量5.20%(P>0.05);2)裹包TMR饲喂方式与精粗分开饲喂方式对乳成分含量和产量的影响差异不显著;3)裹包TMR饲喂可以显著提高粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率(P<0.05),干物质消化率有提高的趋势(P<0.1);4)裹包TMR饲喂显著降低了血清中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),但对其他血液指标影响2组间差异不显著。裹包TMR技术可以作为一种有效的全混合日粮供给方式,可在我国中小规模奶牛养殖场和个体养殖户中推荐使用,以期提高奶牛生产性能和综合收益。 相似文献
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不同饲喂方式对南方奶牛产奶性能、养分消化和代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的相同精粗比日粮的不同饲喂方式对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物的影响。选用体重相近的12头荷斯坦奶牛,采用单因子设计,根据产奶量、胎次及泌乳天数随机分为2组（n=6）,分别为精粗分饲组（SI）和全混合日粮组（TMR）,精饲料：粗饲料均为50：50。试验结果表明：奶牛采食量无差异,在相同精粗比日粮下,TMR饲养技术极显著减少了奶牛的采食时间（P〈0.01）,显著增加了反刍时间（P〈0.05）,TMR组奶牛的乳脂率、4%标准奶产量、乳脂产量、乳糖产量和乳固形物产量分别比SI组显著提高11.20%、11.60%、17.50%、13.21%和9.86%（P〈0.05）,但对奶牛咀嚼行为、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物影响不显著（P〉0.05）。在南方奶牛典型日粮采用TMR饲养技术时,与精粗分饲相比,可提高奶牛的产奶性能,但对奶牛的采食量、咀嚼行为、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物没有显著影响。 相似文献
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Paula A. Gonzalez-Rivas Megan Sullivan Jeremy J. Cottrell Brian J. Leury John B. Gaughan Frank R. Dunshea 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1763-1769
Feeding low-fiber and high-energy diets to dairy cows is one approach to ameliorate heat stress (HS) by reducing heat increment (HI) during digestion. However, rapidly and slowly fermentable cereal grains differ in their HI. The aim of this experiment was to quantify if feeding slowly fermentable grains ameliorated the physiological responses to HS and improved milk production (MP) in dairy cows. Holstein-Friesian lactating dairy cows were housed in shaded pens and were fed either a total mixed ration (TMR) plus wheat (TMRW), a TMR plus wheat treated with 2% of a commercial starch-binding agent (TMRB), or a TMR plus corn (TMRC) (n?=?8 cows per diet) during summer in Queensland, Australia. Respiration rate (RR) and panting score (PS) were measured four times a day; rumen temperature (RuT) was recorded every 20 min, and rectal temperature (RT) and milk samples were obtained every 4 days. Cows fed slowly fermentable grains had higher milk production (MP) than cows fed TMRW, and cows fed TMRC had lower RT than those fed TMRW and TMRB (P?<?0.001). Rumen temperature was positively correlated with temperature-humidity index and negatively correlated with MP (P?<?0.05). In summary, feeding TMRC ameliorated HS as indicated by lower RT and improved MP in dairy cows. Milk production was improved with starch-binding agents; however, this was not associated with efficient thermoregulatory responses. Furthermore, determination of RuT enabled the prediction of changes in physiological variables and productive responses due to HS in lactating dairy cows. 相似文献
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Adequate forage amounts in both physical and chemical forms are necessary for proper ruminal function in dairy cows. Under conditions in which total amounts of forage or particle size of the forage are reduced, cows spend less time ruminating and have a decreased amount of buoyant digesta in the rumen. These factors reduce saliva production and allow ruminal pH to fall, depressing activity of cellulolytic bacteria and causing a prolonged period of low ruminal pH. Insufficient particle size of the diet decreases the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio and reduces ruminal pH. The mean particle size of the diet, the variation in particle size, and the amount of chemical fiber (i.e., NDF or ADF) are all nutritionally important for dairy cows. Defining amounts and physical characteristics of fiber is important in balancing dairy cattle diets. Because particle size plays such an important role in digestion and animal performance, it must be an important consideration from harvest through feeding. Forages should not be reduced in particle size beyond what is necessary to achieve minimal storage losses and what can be accommodated by existing equipment. Forage and total mixed ration (TMR) particle sizes are potentially reduced in size by all phases of harvesting, storing, taking out of storage, mixing, and delivery of feed to the dairy cow. Mixing feed causes a reduction in size of all feed particles and is directly related to TMR mixing time; field studies show that the longest particles (>27 mm) may be reduced in size by 50%. Forage and TMR particle size as fed to the cows should be periodically monitored to maintain adequate nutrition for the dairy cow. 相似文献
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Feed‐derived volatile basic nitrogen increases reactive oxygen species production of blood leukocytes in lactating dairy cows 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ei Tsunoda Josef J. Gross Chiho Kawashima Rupert M. Bruckmaier Katsuya Kida Akio Miyamoto 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):125-133
The present study investigated over 9 months the changes of fermentative quality of total mixed rations (TMR) containing grass silage (GS) as a major component, associated with changes in the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) levels in an experimental dairy farm. Effects of VBN levels in TMR on metabolic parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and conception rates for dairy cows were analyzed. According to VBN levels in TMR during survey periods, three distinct phases were identified; phase A with low VBN; phase B with high VBN; and phase C with mid‐VBN. Metabolic parameters in blood were all within normal range. However, during phases B and C, nitrogen metabolic indices such as blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen showed higher levels compared to those in phase A, and a simultaneous increase in ROS production by blood PMNs and the load on hepatic function in metabolic parameters was observed in the cows with a lower conception rate. This suggests that feeding TMR with elevated VBN levels due to poor fermented GS results in stimulation of ROS production by PMNs by ammonia, and negatively affects metabolism and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cow. 相似文献
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