共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 267 毫秒
1.
为寻求适合的牛粪无害化处理技术,采用粉煤灰、锯末和牛粪为原材料进行堆肥发酵试验,设置处理组(牛粪50∶粉煤灰4.5∶锯末4.5)、对照组(牛粪50∶锯末9.0),研究其对堆肥发酵温度、含水率、pH值、碳氮比(C/N)及堆肥感官变化等指标的影响。试验结果显示,15 d时处理组和对照组T值分别为0.55和0.75,处理组T值小于0.6达到堆肥腐熟标准,处理组比对照组堆肥综合效果好。 相似文献
2.
利用牛粪堆肥是科学、合理地处理和利用牛粪的有效措施。以新鲜牛粪和稻壳为发酵原料,借助翻堆通风方式进行牛粪好氧发酵试验。A组将牛粪与稻壳按4:1的比例混合,添加3‰发酵菌剂;B组在牛粪中直接添加3‰发酵菌剂;C组仅为牛粪发酵,作为对照。结果表明:(1)A组堆肥的C/N比提高到25.48∶1。堆肥含水率、有机质、C/N比值随堆肥过程呈下降趋势,下降由快到慢的依次为A、B、C组。A、B组C/N比降低到16∶1以下分别在堆肥第28、35d,而C组在第35dC/N比仍为17.40∶1。3个组pH均呈先升后降的趋势。(2)总腐殖酸的含量随堆肥过程呈下降趋势,下降幅度A、B两组大于C组;但总腐殖酸占总有机碳比率呈增加趋势,A、B、C 3组发酵前后对比分别提高了40.28%、23.44%、21.67%。(3)堆肥后A、B、C组分别在第5、9、11d温度上升到55℃以上,且维持55℃以上达到25、18、14d。(4)经35d发酵处理后,A、B、C 3组的堆肥有机质、pH、重金属、总养分均符合有机肥标准NY525—2012。综合各项物理化学指标,添加稻壳和发酵菌剂有利于牛粪的腐熟。 相似文献
3.
牛粪中添加玉米秸秆对堆肥发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《现代畜牧兽医》2021,(7)
试验旨在研究牛粪中添加玉米秸秆对堆肥发酵的影响。选择牛粪与玉米秸秆比例分别为1∶1、2∶3、1∶3,经过45 d堆肥发酵试验。结果表明,牛粪与玉米秸秆添加比例为2∶3时,升温快,第3 d达到55℃,高温持续时间为23 d,发酵温度最高为69.7℃,种子发芽指数高达97.35%,堆肥达到完全腐熟,符合畜禽粪便无害化处理要求。 相似文献
4.
<正>试验采用5种微生物发酵剂,分别根据性能、产地、用户反应情况及用量等条件进行选取,对鲜牛粪进行堆肥发酵,通过对牛粪堆肥的温度、含水率、pH值的测定,考察5种微生物发酵剂的发酵效果。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
采取不同处理时间的肉牛粪堆肥和猪粪堆肥样共16个，采自不同设施发酵处理的堆肥样65个，分别测定各堆肥样的腐熟指标和堆肥滤液透明度。结果表明，堆肥滤液透明度与发酵处理时间、VFA呈高度相关，与发芽指数呈中度相关。因此，可以通过堆肥滤液透明度的测定快速判定堆肥的腐熟度。 相似文献
9.
为研究需氧发酵(堆肥)对稻草消化性和适口性的影响,将三种处理的稻草喂给13.6—18.6公斤重的山羊,为期10周。新鲜稻草、湿的堆肥稻草、新鲜牛粪和水以100∶3.5∶10∶90的比例混合,然后发酵18天(下称 CR),新鲜稻草(下称 FR);以及新鲜稻草、湿的堆肥稻草、新鲜牛粪与水按100∶3.5∶10∶20混合但未经发酵的混合物(下称 UR),用作对照。饲喂前每种处理都加入糖蜜、尿素、矿物质和维生物。每日每只羊还补饲100克精料。堆肥增加 相似文献
10.
11.
采用二因素完全随机区组设计,研究在江西省酸性红壤土地上用石灰(A1 1 125 kg/hm2、A2 1 500 kg/hm2、A3 1 875 kg/hm2)和牛粪(B115 000 kg/hm2、B2 22 500 kg/hm2、B3 30 000 kg/hm2)作为基肥对苜蓿Medicago sativa出苗及草产量的影响.结果表明:施用水平提高,对提高苜蓿出苗率有一定效果,但无显著差异;对鲜草产量影响的主导因素是牛粪,随施用量提高,草产量在第1年度无显著差异,而在第2年度差异极显著;施用石灰对青草产量无显著影响;两因素间无互作效应. 相似文献
12.
随着养牛业规模化、集中化发展,牛粪资源化利用日益凸显。从奶牛养殖污染防治角度出发,阐述规模化牛场粪便污染现状,介绍了堆肥技术、发酵技术、沼气生态模式在牛场粪便污染处理中的应用,旨在为提高牛场粪便处理效率,为促进奶牛养殖业的健康、快速发展提供参考。 相似文献
13.
现代规模化牛场发展迅速,为市民提供大量优良奶源和畜肉,但同时牛场产生粪便、污水等废弃物排泄量增加,大部分牛场不能规范化处理,粪污堆积在生产区域,不光对周围土壤、空气和水体造成污染,还影响牛场的正常养殖生产秩序,对生态环境危害严重,影响养牛业绿色可持续发展,因此牛粪的处理和资源化利用问题急需解决。为了稳定、无害的处理粪污,将规模化牛场粪污作资源化处理利用,不仅可以解决牛场粪污污染问题,还能实现粪污资源最大化利用,具有重要意义。本文分析了牛粪的营养成分以及规模化牛场粪污造成的环境污染问题,简述了粪污资源化利用的目的、原则和预期效果,介绍了牛粪资源化利用的现有途径和方式,其中主要包括能源化、基质化、饲料化、燃料化、肥料化、氧化塘发酵后再利用等方法,以期通过分析多种资源化处理技术,将其根据具体情况应用,或者多种技术搭配实施,避免单一技术存在的局限性,为不同养殖环境情况下的粪污处理提供参考,为现代化养牛业低碳可持续发展提供借鉴。在未来应继续加大规模化牛场粪污资源化利用力度,科学合理制定各地区养殖场的粪污处理规划和资源化利用模式,监测周围环境质量并作出有效控制,促进畜牧业健康发展,为畜牧业循环经济... 相似文献
14.
影响蚯蚓处理粪污因素的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(11):85-89
旨在为研究者深入研究蚯蚓处理粪污技术提供一定参考和借鉴。通过查阅与蚯蚓处理粪污技术相关的文献资料,得出影响蚯蚓处理粪污效果的主要因素有蚯蚓品种选择、环境因素、粪便腐熟程度和粪便组合及辅料成分等。其中,爱胜蚓属的太平2号蚯蚓为国内外专家研究使用最多、实际应用中最广泛的蚯蚓品种;使用蚯蚓处理粪便时,温度保持在15-25℃,pH值应该控制在中性范围内;最适宜蚯蚓生长繁殖的畜禽粪便为牛粪,处理其他动物粪便时加入牛粪形成粪便组合进行处理,牛粪所占比例一定最多。关于湿度和粪便腐熟程度对蚯蚓处理粪便效果的影响、辅料的选择,以及对于除环境因素外的其他3项因素（蚯蚓品种选择、粪便腐熟程度、粪便组合及辅料成分）在不同情况下的选择需要进一步研究。 相似文献
15.
Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins,composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Odors from swine production facilities are associated with the storage and decomposition of manure. Diet is linked to manure composition and will likely affect odor, but the microbial mechanisms responsible for manure decomposition and odor production are poorly understood. To identify the sources of odor during manure fermentation, substrates (starch, casein, and cellulose) were added to slurries of fresh swine manure, and the anaerobic accumulation of fermentation products and the consumption of substrates were measured relative to no addition of substrates. Volatile fatty acids and alcohols were the dominant fermentation products in all treatments. The total VFA concentration from starch treatment was greater (P < 0.001) than for all other treatments. Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated in all treatments, but accumulation in the casein treatments was greater (P < 0.001) than in all other treatments. Thus, addition of carbohydrate to swine manure slurries did not circumvent protein fermentation, as was previously observed in cattle manure slurries. Based on substrate loss, starch and protein fermentation were equivalent in all treatments, with losses of each exceeding 4% of the DM. Substrate additions had a limited effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure and on odor compound composition. Compared with the results of the earlier fermentation study of fresh cattle manure, swine manure fermentation produced less lactate and more products of protein fermentation (branched-chain VFA and aromatic ring compounds). We hypothesize that differences in manure organic matter composition between cattle and swine, a result of diet and digestion, select for bacterial communities that are adapted to the available substrate composition. 相似文献
16.
An in vitro study of manure composition on the biochemical origins,composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds in cattle feedlots 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Very little is known about the biochemical origin of cattle feedlot odors and the environmental factors controlling their production. The tie between diet and manure composition is well established, but the effect of different manure compositions on odorous chemical production is unknown. This study describes the effect of starch, casein, and cellulose substrate additions to slurries of fresh (< 24 h) and aged cattle manure (> 1 d) on the anaerobic production of fermentation products and the consumption of substrates relative to no addition treatments. Aged cattle manure accumulated more VFA (245 to 290 mM) than the fresh manure (91 to 181 mM) irrespective of substrate additions (P < 0.001). In fresh manures, VFA concentrations were increased (P < 0.01) over no addition treatments when carbohydrate (starch or cellulose) was added, whereas starch and protein treatments to aged manure increased VFA content relative to no addition treatments (P < 0.001). Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated only in the aged manure (no addition and protein treatments), indicating that some protein fermentation occurred in those treatments. Based upon substrate loss, starch fermentation was the dominant process in both manures and all treatments with losses exceeding 18.6 g/L. Protein fermentation occurred only in the aged manure, specifically the no addition and protein treatments, when starch was no longer available. The production of odorous compounds from manure was controlled by substrate availability and pH, with pH related to lactate accumulation. We believe that calcareous soil and lactate-consuming microorganisms in the aged manure slurries minimized slurry acidification and resulted in greater accumulations of odorous products. Substrate additions had little effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure but had profound effects on odor compound composition. We propose that modifying cattle diets to limit starch and protein excretion would profoundly affect the production and accumulation of odor compounds in feedlots. 相似文献
17.
Dixon B Parrington L Cook A Pintar K Pollari F Kelton D Farber J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):20-26
The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence and the genotypes and species of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in beef and dairy cattle from farms in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, in an effort to determine the potential for zoonotic transmission from these animals. Pooled manure samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms and 30 beef cattle farms. The presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, while nested-PCR and DNA sequencing were used to determine genotypes and species. The overall farm prevalence was very high for both Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and was similar for dairy cattle farms (96 and 64%, respectively) and beef cattle farms (97 and 63%, respectively). However, on dairy cattle farms, G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 44% and 6% of total pooled pen manure samples, respectively, with the occurrence of both parasites being generally higher in calves than in older animals. Most Giardia isolates were identified as either the host-adapted genotype G. duodenalis Assemblage E or the zoonotic Assemblage B. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni were the most frequently identified species in dairy cattle, while the non-zoonotic species Cryptosporidium ryanae and Cryptosporidium bovis were also found. On beef cattle farms, 72% and 27% of the total pooled pen manure samples were positive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, respectively, with no obvious correlation with age. All Giardia isolates in beef cattle were identified as G. duodenalis Assemblage E, while all Cryptosporidium isolates were identified by sequence analysis as C. andersoni, although microscopic analyses, and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, indicated that other Cryptosporidium species were also present. The results of this study indicate that although Giardia and Cryptosporidium were identified in a higher overall percentage of the pooled beef cattle manure samples than in dairy cattle, firmly established zoonotic genotypes and species were much more common in dairy cattle than in beef cattle in this region. Dairy cattle, and especially dairy calves, may, therefore, pose a greater risk of infection to humans than beef cattle. However, these results may also provide evidence of potential zooanthroponotic transmission (human to animal). 相似文献
18.
19.
Analysing the results of own investigations and informations in literature a review is given about the role of manure specially in stables of high-intensity cattle and pig production as a vector for exogenic parasite stages. In the course of investigations--in most cases simulating practice conditions--so-called indicator germs were used as test material. In cattle stables manure is significant as a vector for Eimeria species, Cryptosporidium parvum, Sarcocystis species, Taenia saginata and Fasciola hepatica. In pig stables manure must be classified as a reservoir of infections with Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis species and Ascaris suum; moreover it represents a favourable culturing medium for stable flies. Possibilities to overcome the problems are discussed under parasitological field of view. 相似文献