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1.
J.A.SOAGA 《中国林学(英文版)》2012,14(2):152-159
The study examined flora decline in a peri-urban settlement(Ijeun Lukosi village inAbeokuta,Nigeria)and the consequent poverty trap in the village.Respondents were selected by simple random sampling(SRS)with a total of 90 respondents selected, cutting across different age groups and occupations.Ijeun Lukosi village is a stone throw from a Government Secretariat with influx of government employees.The status of flora in the village revealed 34 species of trees and shrubs,36 species of herbs and climbers and 12 species of aquatic plants.Thirty-two families of plants were identified showing the diversity of flora species in the settlement. An influx of people into the settlement changed the pattern of land tenure system from communal and family inheritance to personal ownership of land.This change in land ownership status promoted the destruction of the diversity of loacal flora under private property development.This impacted negatively on the livelihood of respondents.The poverty line was determined to be NAD 2,600 ($17.33)per month,a condition categorized by the World Bank as abject poverty.Over 51%of farming respondents were displaced, including 20%entrepreneurs(artisans)trading in trado-medical herbs derived from the diversity in the flora.The conclusion is drawn that abject poverty encouraged the destruction of flora diversity in the settlement with the poverty trap turning into a cycle and the perpetuation of poverty in the village.It is recommended that the government should put in place programs to alleviate poverty in this and similar areas to protect flora diversity and consequently protect the environment,thereby ensuring the sustenance of rural livelihood. 相似文献
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Three species of the genusArgyresthia Hübner (A. bergiella Ratzeburg,A. amiantella Zeller andA. glabratella Zeller) were studied in Norway spruce forests at an elevation of 380–1550 m in the West Carpathian Mountains (central and western Slovakia). These species have distinct external pupal characteristics and feed marks. They occur together, being more abundant in the middle and upper canopy, and prefer forests at or above 1,000 m, often at the timber line. Their dependence on parent rock was not found. Abundance of these species differed greatly from year to year and any changes in abundance were mostly synchronised at various sites within the same mountain area.A. amiantella was the most abundant species. There is an indication that the outbreaks ofArgyresthia moths on Norway spruce might be short-term.
Über die Fichten-Silbermotten (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Argyresthiinae) in den Westkarpaten相似文献
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Alexander Berrocal Johana Gaitan-Alvarez Roger Moya David Fernandez-Solis Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi 《林业研究》2020,31(2):667-676
To elucidate the development of heartwood,bark,sapwood,pith and specific gravity of wood in fastgrowing teak(Tectona grandis)plantations in Costa Rica,we sampled three trees in each of 55 plantations and modelled each variable with age,site and different tree heights.Age and stand density of plantations were significant correlated with stem diameter at breast height and total height of the tree.Formation of heartwood was initiated at the age of 4-year-old and increased in direct proportion with age.The age of plantation had a significant relationship with stem diameter at breast height,heartwood percentage,sapwood thickness,sapwood percentage,percentage of bark,pith diameter and percentage,and specify gravity.The model for these tree parameters was model with these parameters as dependent variable and in relation to age as independent variable. 相似文献
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G. Zoebelein 《Journal of pest science》1963,36(1):1-8
Zusammenfassung Begünstigt durch das Klima treten in den arabischen Nahostländern (Syrien, Libanon und Jordanien) zahlreiche Insektenschädlinge regelmäßig in den wichtigsten Kulturen auf. Die noch junge Pflanzenschutzorganisation der genannten Länder ist bestrebt, insbesondere die Biologie und Bekämpfung der Großschädlinge befriedigend zu klären.Die wichtigsten Schädlinge sind u. a.:Getreide:Eurygaster integriceps Put. Baumwolle:Earias insulana Boisd.,Agrotis spec.,Laphygma exigua Hb. und Spinnmilben. Gemüse und Feldfrüchte:Heliothis obsoleta F.,Agrotis spec.,Prodenia litura F.,Laphygma exigua Hb.,Phthorimea operculella Z.,Epilachna chrysomelina F.,Thrips tabaci Lind. und Spinnmilben.Obst: Spinnmilben (Paratetranychus pilosus C. u.F. undBryobia praetiosa Koch.) undCarpocapsa pomonella L. an Apfel,Ceratitis capitata Wied. an Pfirsich,Rhynchites trojanus Gyll. an Aprikosen,Idiocerus stali Fieb.,Agonoscena targionii Licht. undRecurvaria pistaciicola Danil. an Pistazien.Wein:Polychrosis botrana Schiff.Oliven:Dacus oleae Rossi undPrays oleellus F. Südfrüchte:Chrysomphalus ficus Ashm.,Aonidiella aurantii Mask.,Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashm. undCeratitis capitata Wied.Von den holzbohrenden Schädlingen sind besondersZeuzera pyrina L. undCapnodis-Arten zu nennen. Hauptforstschädling istPityocampa processionea L. Einige Vorratsschädlinge und gelegentlich auch Termiten haben Bedeutung erlangt.Großschädlinge an allen Kulturen waren einmal die Heuschrecken, die heute jedoch wirkungsvoll unter Kontrolle gehalten werden. Weitere als gelöst anzusehende Probleme entomologischer Art sind die Biologie und Bekämpfung vonEurygaster integriceps Put. undDacus oleae Rossi.Noch ungelöste Hauptprobleme für angewandtentomologisches Forschen sind:1. Resistenz von Spinnmilben gegen Akarizide;2. Studium der Biologie, Phänologie und Epidemiologie der wichtigsten Schadinsekten (z. B. Obstmade, Erdraupen, Baumwollkapselraupen, Pistazieninsekten und Citrusschildläuse), um unter Ausnutzung der Forschungsergebnisse einen Warndienst aufbauen zu können.3. Studien über Biologie und Bekämpfung vonZeuzera pyrina L. undCapnodisarten.
Summary Favourised by the climatical conditions in the Near East countries Lebanon, Syria and Jordan a great number of insects attack regularely important crops. The new Plant Protection organisations of those countries are anxious to study the biology and control of the most dangerous insects.Insects of major economic importance are:On cereals:Eurygaster integriceps Put.On cotton:Earias insulana Boisd.,Agrotis spec.,Laphygma exigua Hb., Spidermites.On other fieldcrops and vegetables:Heliothis obsoleta F.,Agiotis spec.Prodenia litura F.,Laphygma exigua Hb.,Phthorimea operculella Z.,Epilachna chrysomelina F.,Thrips tabaci Lind. and Spidermites.On fruits: Spidermites (Paratetranychus pilosus C. and F. andBryobia praetiosa Koch.),Carpocapsa pomonella L.,Ceratitis capitata Wied.,Rhynchites trojanus Gyll., on pistachio:Idiocerus stali Fieb.,Recurvaria pistaciicola Danil andAgonoscena targionii Licht.On grape:Polychrosis botrana Schiff.On olives:Dacus oleae Rossi andPrays oleellus F.On Citrus:Chrysomphalus ficus Ashm.,Aonidiella aurantii Mask.,Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashm. andCeratitis capitata Wied.Numerous wood-borers especiallyZeuzera andCapnodis species attack fruittrees. Most important forest pest isPityocampa processionea L. Some storage and food insects, and in limited aereas termites, are of importance.Some years ago the locusts were big problem, today they are under sufficient control. Well solved problems are furthermore the biology and control ofEurygaster integriceps andDacus oleae.Problems not yet studied well by entomologists and subject to future activities are:1) Studies of resistance in spidermites to acaricides.2) Studies of Biology, Phenology and Epidemiology of the most important insects (e.g.: codling moth,Agrotis, cotton bollworms, insects of Pistachio, Citrus scales and others) to be able to help the farmers for correct timing of there treatments and to start with an effective warning service.3) Studies of the biology as well as the economical control ofCapnodis andZeuzera.
Résumé Dans les Pays du Moyen-Orient (Syrie, Liban, Jordanie) de nombreuses espèces d'insectes favorisées par le climat, attaquent régulièrement les cultures les plus importantes. Les organismes officiels pour la Protection des Plantes de ces Pays, étant nouvellement créés, s'appliquent à étudier de façon satisfaisante la Biologie des insectes nuisibles, et la lutte.Les insectes les plus importantes sont:sur Céréales:Eurygaster integriceps Put.sur Coton:Earias insulana Boisd.,Agrotis spec.,Laphygma exigua Hb, et les araignées rouges.sur autres cultures industrielles et légumes:Heliothis obsoleta F.,Agrotis spec.,Prodenia litura F.,Laphygma exigua Hb.,Phthorimea operculella Z.,Epilachna chrysomelina F.,Thrips tabaci Lind et les araignées rouges.en arboriculture fruitière:Paratetranychus pilosus C. et F. etBryobia praetiosa KOCH.,Carpocapsa pomonella L.,Ceratitis capitata Wied.,Rhynchites trojanus Gyll., sur pistachiers:Idiocerus stali Fieb.,Agonoscena targionii Licht. etRecurvaria pistaciicola Danil.en Viticulture:Polychrosis botrana Schiff. sur oliviers:Dacus oleae Rossi etPrays oleellus F.sur Fruits du Midi:Chrysomphalus ficus Ashm.,Aonidiella aurantii Mask.,Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashm. etCeratitis capitata Wied.Les insectes importants attaquant le bois des arbres sontCapnodis spec. etZeuzera pyrina L., dans les forêtsPityocampa processionea L.D'autre part des insectes nuisibles dans les entrepôts diminuent la valeur des stocks, également les fourmis blanches font des dommages dans les maisons et leurs ameublements.Les plus grands ravageurs étaient dans le temps les sauterelles, mais aujourd'-hui elles sont bien contrô lées. D'autres problèmes pour lesquels on a bien étudié la Biologie et les mesures de lutte sont:Eurygaster integriceps etDacus oleae.Les problèmes entomologiques très importants qu'il faudrait encore bien étudier sont les suivants:1) La résistance des araignées rouges aux acaricides.2) Biologie, Phenologie et Epidemiologie des insectes nuisibles les plus dangereux (comme p.e. le Carpocapse,Agrotis, les vers de la capsule du coton, les insectes des pistachiers, et les cochenilles des Fruits du Midi) pour pouvoir installer des stations d'avertissement.3) Biologie et lutte contreZeuzera et les espèces desCapnodis.相似文献
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Dr. rer. nat. U. Mielke 《Journal of pest science》1995,68(8):187-189
The in houses living cockroachSupella longipalpa Fab. was found in Germany for the first time in 1954 (Peters, 1956). A view is given on the localities of findings until 1994/5. From this is to be seen that this pest shows a pronounced insular distribution. For controlling specific measures must be applied. 相似文献
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Vegetation management is crucial to meeting the objectives of forest plantations. Following public hearing processes, chemical herbicides were banned on Crown forest lands in Québec (Canada) in 2001. Release now mainly relies on mechanical treatments. Our objectives are to review the historical context and the research conducted over the past 15 years that has led to the province??s current vegetation management strategy and to identify the major challenges of vegetation management being faced in Québec in the context of intensive silviculture and ecosystem-based management. Research has led to an integrated management model without herbicides, adapted to the ecological characteristics of reforestation sites. The Québec experience illustrates how, on most sites, vegetation management that is based on early reforestation, the use of tall planting stock and intensive mechanical release brings crop trees to the free-to-grow stage without the use of herbicides and without resulting in major effects on vegetation diversity. This vegetation management strategy is an asset in the implementation of ecosystem-based management. However, research demonstrates that mechanical release alone does not promote optimal crop-tree growth, due to rapid resprouting or suckering of competitors and competition from herbaceous species. Therefore, the current strategy poses important challenges in the management of plantations where the objective is to maximise wood production. 相似文献
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Dr. Motonori Inouye 《Journal of pest science》1955,28(11):161-162
Ohne ZusammenfassungHerr Dr. Motonori Inouye ist der Chef-Forstentomologe der japanischen forstlichen Versuchsanstalt von Hokkaido. Mit dieser Veröffentlichung beginnt eine in zwangloser Folge erscheinende Reibe von Arbeiten, in der über Schädlingsfragen in verschiedenen Ländern berichtet wird. Die Schriftleitung. 相似文献
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The present study describes the floristic composition and dominance pattern of sal forests in Ranchi,Jharkhand,eastern India.Vegetation was studied in 47 belt transects(509100 m)that had 137 plant species(110 identified and 27 unidentified)belonging to 51 families.The family Fabaceae with 17 species(8 spp.belonging to subfamily Faboideae,6 spp.to Caesalpinioideae and 3 spp.to Mimosoidieae)contributed the most to diversity,followed by Rubiaceae(8 spp.)and Euphorbiaceae(6 spp.).Tree density in sal was inversely related to species richness.Total tree density(C 10 cm GBH)in the studied forests was 397 individuals ha-1,with a basal cover of 262.50 m2 ha-1.Important plants of conservation concern are Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb,Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Wall,Sterculiaurens Roxb.,Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.)Miers,and Asparagus densiflorus(Kunth)Jessop.Phanerophytes had the highest percentage(71%,with percentage deviation from normal life form of?25)followed by therophyte(15%,with percentage deviation?2).Observed percentage deviation from normal life form was much lower(with?2 percentage deviation)in both chamaephytes(8%)and therophytes(15%),suggesting that the studied sal forests are favorable for supporting various plants species.The forest management strategies should focus on the increasing demands for different timber and non-timber forest products to conserve the plant diversity of these natural forests. 相似文献
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PIateIet-activatingfact0r(PAFf1-O-aIkyI-2-acetyl-sn-glycer0-3-ph0sph0ch0Iine)wasdiscoveredasachemicaImediat0r,reIeasedfromsensitizedbas0-phiIs(Benvenisteetal1972),thatcausedpIateIetaggregati0n.SubsequentstudiesdemonstratedthatPAFwasproduceduponappropriatestimulation0favariety0fhumancells,includingneutrophils,e0sino-phils,mon0cytes,andend0thelialcells,andthisp0-tentlipidmediatorisinv0IvedinanumberOftheal-IergicandinfIammatoryresp0nses(Hanahan1986;BraquetetaI1987;WalIace1989IPresc0tte… 相似文献
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P. J. Baldwin H. T. L. Stewart P. R. Bird W. I. Hamer D. W. Flinn K. N. Cumming D. J. Connor 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1-3):213-233
From 1983 to 1985, a network of agroforestry research trials was established at six localities throughout Victoria. This paper describes experimental designs and establishment procedures used at the trial sites. The overall aim of the research program is to provide definitive information on the costs and benefits of a wide range of agroforestry combinations. Accordingly, trials were established at the following locations to test a total of 93 tree species grown in combination with specific types of agriculture:
- Carngham (near Ballarat) — sheep grazing andPinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine);
- Hamilton (several sites) — sheep grazing and mixed tree species;
- Kyabram — irrigated pastures andEucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (flooded gum);
- Rutherglen — cereal cropping and shelterbelts;
- Myrtleford — irrigatedMentha spp. (mint) and two clones ofPopulus spp. (poplar); and
- Neerim South (near Warragul) — cattle grazing and mixed tree species.
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P. J. Baldwin H. T. L. Stewart P. R. Bird W. I. Hamer D. W. Flinn K. N. Cumming D. J. Connor 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1):213-233
From 1983 to 1985, a network of agroforestry research trials was established at six localities throughout Victoria. This paper describes experimental designs and establishment procedures used at the trial sites. The overall aim of the research program is to provide definitive information on the costs and benefits of a wide range of agroforestry combinations. Accordingly, trials were established at the following locations to test a total of 93 tree species grown in combination with specific types of agriculture:
- Carngham (near Ballarat) — sheep grazing andPinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine);
- Hamilton (several sites) — sheep grazing and mixed tree species;
- Kyabram — irrigated pastures andEucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (flooded gum);
- Rutherglen — cereal cropping and shelterbelts;
- Myrtleford — irrigatedMentha spp. (mint) and two clones ofPopulus spp. (poplar); and
- Neerim South (near Warragul) — cattle grazing and mixed tree species.
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Wood-inhabiting Fungi in Tieling,Liaoning Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DAI Yucheng CUI Baokai LIU Chunjing. Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang P.R. China. Forest Research Institute of Tieling Liaoning Province Tieling P.R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2004,3(1):41-45
1INTRODUCTIONWood-inhabitingfungiofNortheasternChinawerestudiedduringlast10years,andaround300speciesofAphyllophoraleswerefound(DaiYucheng,1996,2000;Hjortstam,Ryvarden,1988).However,mostofthesespecieswererecordedinJilinandHeilongjiangProvince,andthewood-inhabitingfungiinLiaoningProvincearepoorlyknown,especiallyinnorthernLiaoningaround20specieswererecordedonly(LiuZhengnan,etal,1982;ZhangHesheng,1992;ZhaoJiding,ZhangXiaoqing,1992).BythesupportofChineseAcademyofSciencesandNationalNa… 相似文献
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Small-scale Forestry - Increased recognition of forest fragments as integral components of multi-functional landscape mosaics creates opportunity to broaden approaches to forest management in rural... 相似文献
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Journal of Pest Science - Starker Befall von Jungpappeln durch die Raupen des Hornissenglasflüglers,Aegeria apiformis Cl.(Aeger. Lepidopt.) gibt Veranlassung, erneut auf die... 相似文献
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Zhang Xin Zhao Yi-zhi Zhang Zhi-xiang 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(2):147-151
Four species of the Comastoma genus (Geianaceae) in Helan Mountains between Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Province in China have been recognized by morphological and geographical taxonomy. These four species are C. falcatum (Turcz.) Toyokuni, C. polycladum (Diels et Gilg) T. N. Ho, C. tenellum (Rottb.) Toyokuni and C. acutum (Michx.) Y. Z. Zhao et X. Zhang. Among them, C. tenellum (Rottb.) is a new recorded species and C. acutum (Michx.) Y. Z. Zhao et X. Zhang is a new combination. The floristic, ecological and geographical distribution of each species was analyzed and then a new key of Comastoma in Helan Mountains and the distribution maps have been generated, which will provide a reference for the revision of this genus and the analysis of the flora in Helan Mountains. 相似文献
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Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal Mohammed Muzammel Hoque Mohd Hanafi Idris Osumanu Haruna Ahmed Md.Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan Md.Masum Billah Md.Nesarul Hoque Zamri Rosli 《林业研究》2020,31(2):613-623
Decaying mangrove detritus plays a significant role in nutrient cycling and fueling in both the forests and aquatic habitats where the detritus stems from estuarine and coastal food webs.Detrital decay rates partly depend on the type of detritus,but most studies have thus far focused on leaf litter decay and decomposition,whereas other detrital sources(except for roots)have largely been ignored.We compare the decay rates of Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocarpus granatum non-leafy detritus(flowers,propagules,stipules,and twigs)with mangrove leaf litter in field studies,using litter bags during the dry and the wet seasons in the tropical mangrove forest of Sibuti,Sarawak,Malaysia.We observed higher microbial decay rates of stipules,flowers,propagules,and twigs for both the R.apiculata and X.granatumduring the wet months.By contrast,leaf decay rates were higher during the dry months.Decay rates depended on the lignin content of the detrital sources of both species,both during dry and wet months.Accordingly,the half-life(T0.5)and 95%lifespan(T0.95)of non-leaf materials(flowers,propagules,stipules and twigs)for both species were remarkably longer than those of leaf litter.Slowly decaying non-leafy detritus may play a significant role in nutrient and carbon cycling over longer time,when leaf litter is either being decomposing rapidly and/or being washed away by tidal flush and river runoff.Hence,non-leafy(flowers,propagules,stipules and twigs)detritus should be taken into account when budgeting organic matter turnover in mangroves. 相似文献