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1.
大黄酚对黄瓜白粉病菌的抑制作用研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用子叶喷雾法分别测定了大黄酚(chrysophanol)对黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)的保护和治疗生物活性。结果表明,大黄酚能有效降低黄瓜白粉病的病情指数,其保护和治疗作用的EC50分别为0.23μg/mL和25.88μg/mL,对照药剂50%硫磺悬浮剂保护作用的EC50为59.75μg/mL,10%苯咪甲环唑可湿性水分散粒剂治疗作用的EC50为13.55μg/mL。在此基础上,利用2.4μg/mL大黄酚溶液处理黄瓜子叶24h后接种白粉病菌,在不同时段对病组织进行透明染色观察白粉病菌的变化情况。结果发现,大黄酚可有效降低黄瓜白粉病菌分生孢子的萌发率和萌发芽管个数,并能抑制菌丝的生长以及降低新生分生孢子的个数。接菌后24h,清水对照萌发率为66.6%,而大黄酚处理后的孢子不萌发;接菌后48h,对照菌丝的平均长度为414.7μm,大黄酚处理的菌丝平均长度为40.1μm;接菌后144h,对照的新生分生孢子串最多为8个孢子,大部分为6-7个,而大黄酚处理后的新生分生孢子串孢子个数最多为2个,大部分为1个。接菌7d后对照的病情指数为72.2,大黄酚处理组的病情指数仅为2.1,其保护作用防治效果达到97.1%,远高于50%硫磺悬浮剂65.4%的防效。 相似文献
2.
黄瓜白粉病由白粉菌引起,是大田和温室栽培黄瓜的主要病害之一。本研究在明确了溶剂(95%乙醇和环己酮)和吐温20对黄瓜植株生长及黄瓜白粉病病情无影响的前提下,配制姜黄油溶液,通过温室盆栽活体试验测定其对白粉菌的活性,得到姜黄油对白粉菌的毒力回归方程,EC_(50)为0.63 mg/L,低于对照药剂400g/L氟硅唑乳油的EC_(50)14.01mg/L。对田间成株期黄瓜进行药效试验,发现姜黄油溶液处理后的黄瓜叶片上粉斑明显减少。施用姜黄油3次,处理后7 d的病指防效分别为90.75%、88.59%、82.27%,均高于400 g/L氟硅唑乳油的防效。 相似文献
3.
四氟醚唑对黄瓜的安全性及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为明确四氟醚唑对黄瓜植株的安全性,采用浸种及茎叶喷雾处理的方法测定其对不同生长时期黄瓜植株的影响,采用子叶保湿培养法测定白粉病菌对其敏感性,并在田间进行防治白粉病的药效试验,综合评价了四氟醚唑对黄瓜白粉病的效果。浸种处理后,黄瓜子叶上白粉病发病率明显降低,对黄瓜株高和根长的抑制率、茎周增长率及叶绿素含量增加率与己唑醇相比均较低;发芽期及幼苗期的黄瓜植株使用四氟醚唑处理,新生节间均出现轻微的抑制伸长现象;4％四氟醚唑水乳剂对黄瓜白粉病菌的EC50为0．8146mg／L,敏感毒力高于50％醚菌酯水分散粒剂;田间间隔期10天喷雾,在末次药后7天对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果为76．02％～85．77％,与5％己唑醇水乳剂防效相当,明显高于50％醚菌酯水分散粒剂的防效。表明四氟醚唑对黄瓜生长安全且用药间隔期长,是防治白粉病的高效轮换药剂。 相似文献
4.
对由国家南方农药创制中心浙江基地合成的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类新化合物ZJ1621(2- -3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯)进行了温室杀菌活性及田间防效的研究。温室及田间药效试验结果表明:在100 mg/L 剂量下,该化合物能有效防治小麦白粉病、黄瓜白粉病、黄瓜霜霉病等多种植物病害,防效在80％以上。该化合物在植株叶片之间不具有内吸传导性,但持效期可达14 d 以上,在25~200 mg/L剂量范围内对试验作物安全。 相似文献
5.
6.
对新化合物氯苯肟唑作为农用杀菌剂的效果进行了评价。分别采用孢子萌发法、含毒介质法、离体叶片法和盆栽试验法,测试了氯苯肟唑对不同蔬菜病原真菌的抑制作用;此外,还进行了20%氯苯肟唑水乳剂防治黄瓜白粉病和黑星病的田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果显示,氯苯肟唑对供试的几种病原菌均具有较高的杀菌活性,其中500 mg/L的处理对番茄枯萎病菌、辣椒疫病菌、黄瓜黑星病菌的活性与对照药剂相当,对菜豆菌核病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌和黄瓜白粉病菌的抑制率虽然低于对照药剂,但抑菌效果均在80%以上。田间试验中20%氯苯肟唑水乳剂40 mg/L药液对黄瓜白粉病和黄瓜黑星病的防效可分别达80％和84％。室内生物活性测定结果与田间试验结果一致。 相似文献
7.
植物防病膜剂京2B由中国农科院气象研究室于1980年研制成功。据报导对黄瓜白粉病的防病效果优于托布津和福美砷。喷后,叶片上的白粉病菌分生孢子由白色变成暗灰色,分生孢子层也随着干缩。本试验目的是要了解京2B膜剂对黄瓜白粉病菌分生孢子萌发的控制效果和抑制作用的速度。 相似文献
8.
唑菌酯对8种蔬菜病原菌的生物活性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过盆栽试验测定了唑菌酯对8种蔬菜病原菌的生物活性。结果表明,其对黄瓜灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、黄瓜霜霉病菌Pseudoperonospora cubensis、黄瓜炭疽病菌Colletotrichum orbiculare、黄瓜褐斑病菌Corynespora cassiicola和黄瓜黑星病菌Cladosporium cucumerinum具有较高活性,EC50值分别为 9.457、12.69、11.09、6.453和4.106 mg/L。 其中,在 250 mg/L 浓度下唑菌酯处理的防病效果与对照药剂嘧菌酯相当,防效大于75%。田间药效试验结果表明,20% 唑菌酯悬浮剂有效成分 80 mg/L 对黄瓜霜霉病的防效达 82.78%。 相似文献
9.
唑胺菌酯对黄瓜白粉病的作用方式及其内吸传导性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
唑胺菌酯(开发代号SYP-4155),是沈阳化工研究院创制的新型甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,该药剂杀菌谱广、安全系数高、内吸性强,对多种病害兼具保护和治疗活性,是我国"十一五"农药创制的主要候选品种之一.黄瓜白粉病是由黄瓜白粉病菌Sphaerotheca fuliginea引起的一种潜育期短、流行性强、严重危害黄瓜的病害[1].作者在明确唑胺菌酯对黄瓜白粉病良好防治效果的基础上[2],进一步研究了其对黄瓜白粉病菌的作用方式及其在黄瓜组织中的内吸传导性. 相似文献
10.
白粉病是黄瓜生产中发生普遍,危害严重的主要病害之一。pm5.1和PM5.2是黄瓜上的2个白粉病抗性位点,本文对7份不同抗病基因型的黄瓜自交系进行了黄瓜白粉病抗性鉴定,并开展了黄瓜白粉病菌侵染过程的研究,对侵染后12、24、72 h的萌发率、菌丝形成率及菌落形成率等进行了分析。结果表明,当基因型为PM5.1PM5.1 pm5.2pm5.2时,黄瓜病情指数最高,表现为高感白粉病;当基因型为PM5.1PM5.1PM5.2 PM5.2和pm5.1pm5.1pm5.2pm5.2时,表现为中感白粉病;当基因型为pm5.1pm5.1PM5.2PM5.2时黄瓜自交系病情指数最低,表现为抗白粉病。分生孢子在抗、感黄瓜自交系植株叶片上均能萌发,但只能在感病黄瓜材料上完成整个无性生长周期,产生分生孢子。此外,黄瓜白粉病菌分生孢子在感病材料上的萌发率、菌丝形成率及菌落形成率均高于抗病材料。 相似文献
11.
Moshe Reuveni Reuven Reuveni 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(7):633-638
A spray inoculation of the first leaf of 2-leaf stage cucumber plants with a non-pathogenic isolate of Alternaria cucumarina or Cladosporium fulvum before a challenge inoculation with the pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea induced systemic resistance to powdery mildew on leaves 2–5. Systemic resistance was expressed by a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the number of powdery mildew colonies produced on each leaf of the induced plants, as compared with water-sprayed plants. Systemic resistance was evident when a prior inoculation with each of the inducing fungi was administered 1, 3 or 6 days before the challenge inoculation with S. fuliginea. Increasing the inoculum concentration of A. cucumarina or C. fulvum enhanced the systemic protection and provided up to 71.6% or 80.0% reduction, respectively, in the number of colonies produced on upper leaves, relative to controls. Increasing the inoculum concentration of S. fuliginea used for challenge inoculation, increased the number of powdery mildew colonies produced on both induced and non-induced plants. Pre-treated plants, however, were still better protected than controls, indicating that the level of systemic protection was related to the S. fuliginea inoculum concentration. The induction of systemic resistance against powdery mildew by biotic agents, facilitates the development of a wide range of disease management tools. 相似文献
12.
Valérie Jaulneau Claude Lafitte Marie-France Corio-Costet Marciel J. Stadnik Sylvie Salamagne Xavier Briand Marie-Thérèse Esquerré-Tugayé Bernard Dumas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(3):393-401
The protective activity of a crude extract prepared from the green macroalga, Ulva armoricana, previously shown to induce plant defence responses, was evaluated on three plant species, common bean, grapevine and cucumber,
cultivated in the greenhouse and inoculated with three powdery mildew pathogens Erysiphe polygoni, E. necator and Sphareotheca fuliginea respectively. Chemical analyses showed that the extract was enriched in ulvans, which are green algae polysaccharides essentially
composed of uronic acid and sulphated rhamnose. Weekly applications were performed by spraying of the green algal extract
at various dilutions on bean, grapevine and cucumber leaves. A significant effect (50% protection) was observed using a dilution
corresponding to about 3 g l−1 dry matter and up to 90% reduction of symptom severity was obtained for the highest concentration (1/9 dilution, 6 g l−1 dry matter) for the three plant species. To study the natural variability of the protective activity, five extracts prepared
from algae batches harvested at different year periods were evaluated. Although polysaccharide composition varied among batches,
all extracts elicit a reporter gene regulated by a defence-gene promoter in a transgenic tobacco line, and protect cucumber
plants against powdery mildew infection. Together, these data demonstrate that U. armoricana is a reproducible source of active compounds which can be used to efficiently protect crop plants against powdery mildew
diseases. 相似文献
13.
解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ1诱导黄瓜抗白粉病的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ1是从土壤中分离得到的一株对黄瓜白粉病具有较好防效的生防细菌。田间试验发现,用LJ1发酵上清100倍稀释液喷施黄瓜幼苗,在施药后14 d时其对黄瓜白粉病的防效可达83.45%。为研究LJ1防治病害的作用机制,用LJ1发酵上清100倍稀释液喷施黄瓜幼苗,测定黄瓜叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等与诱导抗病性相关的酶活性和信号分子水杨酸含量的变化,并检测了苗期根围土壤中真菌的动态。结果显示,经过LJ1发酵液处理后3种酶的活性和水杨酸的含量在不同时间点均有一个骤增的过程,其活性显著高于对照,并且7 d后土壤中的可培养真菌数量急剧减少。说明LJ1发酵液中有诱导黄瓜产生抗病性的物质,并且诱导后分泌的抗性物质对真菌具有广谱性。 相似文献
14.
In pot experiments, powdery mildew of cucumber, caused bySphaerotheca fuliginea, was reduced by 64-82% by the film-forming polymer Vapor Gard and by up to 55% by Wilt Pruf. In experiments in polyethylene-covered greenhouses, no harmful effect to the crop was caused by these materials. In one experiment significant disease reductions of 19-67% and 60-96% were obtained by 3% Safe Pack and by the fungicide fenarimol (Rubigan), respectively. The combined treatment of Safe Pack with the fungicide was significantly more effective than either treatment alone, 72-78 days after planting. In another experiment, disease that appeared late in the season was reduced by up to 80, 100, 30 and 96% by Vapor Gard, Folicote, Wilt Pruf and fenarimol, respectively, and was statistically different from the nontreated control in some of the treatments and dates. Most tested substances inhibited germination ofS. fuliginea conidia and growth of its hyphae on leaves of cucumber. 相似文献
15.
G. H. Boerema H. A. van Kesteren 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1964,70(1):33-34
In the Netherlands the main causal agent of powdery mildew on cucumber, gherkin and melon was determined as a form ofSphaerotheca fuliginea. 相似文献
16.
R. Cohen D. Shtienberg M. Edelstein 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(1):69-75
The effect of the detergent Zohar LQ-215 alone or combined with the fungicide fenarimol (Rubigan) on cucumber powdery mildew (caused bySphaerotheca fuliginea) was examined under controlled environmental conditions and in the field. In laboratory tests conducted on leaf disks, the efficacy of fenarimol was 30 times greater than that of Zohar LQ-215 as indicated by the ED50 values of the compounds (0.012% and 0.356%, respectively). Zohar LQ-215 did not reduce spore germination or germ-tube elongation, but inhibited the later stages of the disease cycle (i.e., mycelial growth and sporulation). Although the detergent was degraded relatively quickly, its effect on the polycyclic development of the disease lasted for up to 24 days after spraying. Low disease severity (2.4% compared with 27% in the control) was maintained following three applications of the detergent at 5 days intervals. In a greenhouse trial, a mixture of Zohar LQ-215 and fenarimol at half rate did not improve disease suppression beyond the effect of fenarimol applied alone at half rate. However, the effects of the two compounds were additive when applied in the field as a mixture. 相似文献
17.
Effect of culture filtrates of seventeen fungicolous fungi on sporulation of cucumber powdery mildew
T. Hijwegen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(Z1):95-98
Culture filtrates of 17 different fungal species thriving upon other fungi were tested for their ability to reduce sporulation of cucumber powdery mildew,Sphaerotheca fuliginea.All culture filtrates reduced the number of healthy conidiophores. However, the differences in activity between the various treatments were not as conspicuous as after application of spore suspensions. The best results were obtained with culture filtrates ofCalcarisporium arbuscula. These reduced the number of healthy conidiophores to ca. 2% of the unsprayed control plants. 相似文献
18.
LB-1为新筛选的生防近缘毛壳(Chaetomium subaffine)菌株。为明确LB-1培养液的抑病促生效果,本研究以黄瓜为供试植物,分别采用灌根和叶面喷施的方式,测定了LB-1培养液对黄瓜枯萎病和黄瓜白粉病的抑制效果;通过种子萌发、盆栽苗和生化检测试验,分析了LB-1培养液对黄瓜的促生作用。结果发现,LB-1培养液对黄瓜枯萎病抑制作用效果甚微,但对黄瓜白粉病生防效果明显,黄瓜叶片接菌24 h后叶面喷施LB-1培养液对白粉病的防效高达48.86%。LB-1培养液浸润催芽处理24 h的黄瓜种子萌发率和根长均显著高于对照(P=0.05),且LB-1培养液浸种、灌根、叶面喷施处理均能促进黄瓜幼苗的生长发育。LB-1没有产嗜铁素、产氢氰酸、固氮和溶磷能力,但能够产生吲哚乙酸(Indoleacetic acid,IAA)。表明生防菌株LB-1培养液能有效抑制黄瓜白粉病的发生,促进黄瓜种子萌发和植株生长,而且其促生作用可能通过产生IAA来实现。 相似文献
19.
LB-1为新筛选的生防近缘毛壳(Chaetomium subaffine)菌株。为明确LB-1培养液的抑病促生效果,本研究以黄瓜为供试植物,分别采用灌根和叶面喷施的方式,测定了LB-1培养液对黄瓜枯萎病和黄瓜白粉病的抑制效果;通过种子萌发、盆栽苗和生化检测试验,分析了LB-1培养液对黄瓜的促生作用。结果发现,LB-1培养液对黄瓜枯萎病抑制作用效果甚微,但对黄瓜白粉病生防效果明显,黄瓜叶片接菌24 h后叶面喷施LB-1培养液对白粉病的防效高达48.86%。LB-1培养液浸润催芽处理24 h的黄瓜种子萌发率和根长均显著高于对照(P=0.05),且LB-1培养液浸种、灌根、叶面喷施处理均能促进黄瓜幼苗的生长发育。LB-1没有产嗜铁素、产氢氰酸、固氮和溶磷能力,但能够产生吲哚乙酸(Indoleacetic acid,IAA)。表明生防菌株LB-1培养液能有效抑制黄瓜白粉病的发生,促进黄瓜种子萌发和植株生长,而且其促生作用可能通过产生IAA来实现。 相似文献