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咪唑乙烟酸高效降解菌降解性能的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了丙酸杆菌属（Propionibacterium）、海球菌属（Marinococcus）和酸单胞杆菌属（Acidomonas）单一菌株和混合菌株对咪唑烟酸的降解能力及环境条件对降解活性的影响。结果表明,混合菌株处理的咪唑乙烟酸,在第90天时的降解率高达87.20％,明显优于单一菌株。此外,外界环境条件对降解菌的活性也有显著的影响,在培养温度为25～30 ℃,土壤湿度为田间最大持水量的50%,咪唑乙烟酸残留浓度为100 μg/kg,最佳接菌量为5 mL/kg时,3株降解菌的降解活性最强,对咪唑乙烟酸的降解率最高。 相似文献
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为分离筛选具有毒死蜱降解特性的植物内生菌,从农药厂废液池旁采集小飞蓬植物样本,经表面消毒后研磨提取植物汁液,通过以毒死蜱作为单一碳源的无机盐培养基(MSM)进行连续5代培养筛选,获得一株植物内生细菌XFP-gy,经生理生化试验及16Sr DNA同源性比对分析,初步鉴定该菌属阪崎克罗诺杆菌属(Cronobacter sp.)。将菌株XFP-gy在以毒死蜱(初始质量浓度为20 mg/L)为单一碳源的MSM中培养,至第6天时达生长高峰,第9天时毒死蜱的降解率为77.28%。在M SM培养基中补充牛肉膏和蛋白胨(加富培养基)可以促进菌株XFP-gy的生长,并将其对毒死蜱第5天的降解率由69.59%提高到98.0%。菌株XFP-gy降解毒死蜱的最佳培养条件为30℃和p H 7.0,在此条件下,增加培养液中原始接菌量,降低底物毒死蜱的初始质量浓度,可明显提高XFP-gy对毒死蜱的降解效率,当毒死蜱初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,原始接菌量为2%时,至第9天时在培养液中未检出毒死蜱残留。 相似文献
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土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留可对后茬作物产生不同程度药害。为解决玉米地烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱药害问题,使用前期筛选出的烟嘧磺隆高效降解菌株绿木霉Trichoderma virens DT-4,通过高效液相色谱-质谱法检测其降解率,利用室内盆栽生测结合田间小区试验方法,确定降解菌株对土壤中烟嘧磺隆降解效果,降低烟嘧磺隆残留对高粱的药害。结果显示,烟嘧磺隆残留浓度在0.0025～0.1 ug/mL范围内,标准曲线线性良好,符合农残分析要求;PDB液体培养基中烟嘧磺隆在DT-4降解菌处理100 h的降解率高达93.00%;菌株最佳降解条件为培养温度35 ℃、pH 5、最适接种量5%、烟嘧磺隆初始质量浓度200 mg/L。盆栽试验土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留浓度为0.075 mg/kg时,加入降解菌DT-4后能够明显缓解高粱的株高、根长、鲜重、叶绿素含量、根系活力和净光合速率等生长发育指标,对高粱生长有明显的促进作用。田间小区试验中,不同剂型降解菌剂处理,高粱抽穗期效果最为显著,降解菌能够将低于60 g a.i./hm2烟嘧磺隆污染土壤的高粱修复至无明显药害水平,且降解菌剂应用效果为粉剂＞菌液。本研究表明高效降解菌株绿木霉DT-4可有效缓解烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱的毒害作用,为玉米高粱轮作体系下烟嘧磺隆残留污染土壤的微生物修复提供科学参考。 相似文献
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研究了咪唑烟酸在小粉土、海涂土、黄筋泥及黄红壤4种不同类型土壤中的降解动力学,并探讨了土壤各性质对其降解的影响。结果表明:咪唑烟酸在4种土壤中的降解速率常数分别为 0.022 7、0.023 3、0.017 5、0.015 7,即在海涂土中降解最快,在黄红壤中降解最慢。土壤中影响降解的主要因子为有机质含量,其次为土壤酸碱度,即有机质含量越高,土壤碱性越强,则其半衰期越短,降解速度越快。外界环境条件对咪唑烟酸的降解影响也较大,温度越高,湿度越大,则咪唑烟酸的降解越快,温度效应系数(Q)的范围在1.08~1.42之间,与范特荷夫(Van,t Hoff)规则不吻合,说明温度对咪唑烟酸在土壤中降解速率的影响明显低于对水解的影响,最适的降解温度为25~35℃。与上述因子的影响相反,添加浓度高,则降解速率明显下降。 相似文献
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为探明土壤微生物对涕灭威的降解能力,用富集培养法分离驯化土壤中涕灭威的优势降解菌,初步筛选出了对涕灭威具有较高降解能力的菌株TB26和100-8。经过生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将菌株TB26初步鉴定为克雷伯杆菌属(Klebsiella sp.),菌株100-8初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。TB26和100-8生长的最适碳源分别为麦芽糖、D-果糖,最适氮源分别为蛋白胨、脲。基础无机盐培养基和缺氮培养基对两种菌的生长情况及降解率的影响不同,外加氮源能够提高100-8的降解率,而缺氮培养基中TB26的降解率较高。 相似文献
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氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌株黑曲霉（TR-H）最佳降解条件的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验采用高效液相色谱法测定不同条件下反应液中氯嘧磺隆除草剂的降解率,确定氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌株黑曲霉(TR-H)的最佳降解条件。结果表明:当氯嘧磺隆的初始浓度为10.0mg/L、接种量为5.0mL菌悬母液、反应液的温度为30.0℃、恒温振荡培养7d,真菌黑曲霉(TR-H)可以降解96.4%以上的氯嘧磺隆。 相似文献
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采用田间试验方法,研究了咪唑乙烟酸对大豆根瘤中钼、铁、镁含量的影响,揭示咪唑乙烟酸抑制根瘤固氮酶活性的生化机制。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸对大豆茎叶处理后根瘤中钼、铁、镁含量明显降低。钼含量在施药后第28天恢复正常,对铁的抑制作用在施药后第3天最强,抑制率为33.99%。咪唑乙烟酸有效成分用量112.5 g/hm~2施药后第7天和第14天镁含量分别减少112.5μg/g和173.7μg/g,第28天镁含量恢复正常。咪唑乙烟酸有效成分用量225.0g/hm~2高用量对根瘤中钼、铁、镁含量抑制时间较长。 相似文献
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为获得能够修复除草剂莠去津污染土壤的高效降解菌,采用摇瓶富集法、平板分离法从莠去津过量使用的土壤中分离得到降解菌SFAD3,通过形态学、生理生化特征观察以及16S rDNA和ITS序列分析进行种类鉴定,测定获得菌株的最适降解条件,并通过土壤接种和盆栽试验验证菌株对莠去津污染土壤的修复作用。结果表明,菌株SFAD3最终被鉴定为门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina,该菌株培养30 d时对污染土壤中50 mg/kg莠去津的降解率可达72.6%;菌株SFAD3在MM液体培养基中最适降解条件为温度37℃、pH 7、莠去津初始浓度6.25 mg/L、接种量2%,对莠去津降的降解率为50.0%～72.2%;与仅有莠去津的处理相比,添加有SFAD3发酵液的处理20 d后芝麻的株高、根长、湿重和干重能够显著恢复,并且该菌对芝麻还具有一定的促生作用。表明降解菌SFAD3在修复莠去津污染土壤方面具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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Mamdouh M. Nemat Alla Nemat M. Hassan Zeinab M. El-Bastawisy 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(3):198-205
The recommended field dose of rimsulfuron, imazethapyr, alachlor, atrazine or fluometuron differentially reduced shoot fresh and dry weight of 10-day-old maize seedlings as well as leaf protein content during the following 12 days. These reductions seemed consistent during the whole period with fluometuron, atrazine and alachlor but appeared to be nullified by the 5th day of treatment with rimsulfuron and imazethapyr. On the other hand, all herbicides mostly provoked significant inhibitions in specific activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.82), pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK, EC 2.7.9.1) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) in leaves during the first 2 days. Thereafter, the inhibition was recovered in samples treated with rimsulfuron and imazethapyr, leveled off with alachlor but consistently augmented with atrazine and fluometuron. The kinetic characterization showed that rimsulfuron or imazethapyr unchanged Vmax of all enzymes in vitro, however, Vmax of PEPC, PPDK and Rubisco were decreased in vivo. Nevertheless, atrazine or fluometuron substantially reduced Vmax of all enzymes while alachlor showed a reduction in this value of PEPC, MDH and Rubisco. Thus atrazine, fluometuron and, to a lower extent, alachlor reduced concentrations of all enzymes as well as rimsulfuron and imazethapyr for only Rubisco. On the contrary, Km values of all enzymes were progressively increased by all herbicides indicating that the different herbicides altered the structural integrity of all enzymes. These findings conclude that rimsulfuron or imazethapyr competitively inhibited MDH but revealed mixed inhibition to PEPC, PPDK and Rubisco. Atrazine or fluometuron revealed mixed inhibitions to all enzymes whereas alachlor seemed to be either a competitive inhibitor to PPDK or a mixed inhibitor to PEPC, MDH and Rubisco. 相似文献
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Camargo ER Senseman SA McCauley GN Bowe S Harden J Guice JB 《Pest management science》2012,68(7):1010-1018
BACKGROUND: Saflufenacil is a broadleaf herbicide for preplant burndown and pre‐emergence applications in various crops. This study was established to evaluate the absorption and translocation of saflufenacil in hemp sesbania and imazethapyr in red rice as a function of their post‐emergence interaction and light intensity. RESULTS: Imazethapyr plus saflufenacil provided a greater uptake (30%) and translocation (35%) of 14C‐imazethapyr than imazethapyr alone. In the section above treated leaf (ATL), a higher percentage of the absorbed imazethapyr (23%) was quantified in the imazethapyr plus saflufenacil treatment after 168 h. Faster basipetal movement of imazethapyr was identified under higher light availability. Absorption of 14C‐saflufenacil ranged from approximately 40 to 60% among herbicide and light intensity treatments. At 12 and 24 h after treatment (HAT) a greater percentage (15–20%) of the absorbed saflufenacil was quantified above the treated leaf at the two lower light intensities. Similar trends were observed for basipetal movement of saflufenacil. CONCLUSION: Saflufenacil enhanced absorption, overall translocation and acropetal movement of imazethapyr in the TX4 red rice. Basipetal movement of imazethapyr was faster under higher light intensities. Overall, imazethapyr improved absorption of saflufenacil in hemp sesbania plants. Reduction in light intensity resulted in greater translocation of saflufenacil, promoting acropetal and basipetal distribution at the two lower light intensity treatments. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Zheng D Kruger GR Singh S Davis VM Tranel PJ Weller SC Johnson WG 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1486-1492
BACKGROUND: Horseweed is a weed commonly found in agronomic crops, waste areas and roadsides. Resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in horseweed was first reported in 1993 in a population from Israel. Resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in horseweed is now widespread, but, as of now, the resistance mechanism has not been reported. RESULTS: Two of three populations evaluated (P116 and P13) were found to be uniform for resistance (>98% of individuals survived 8.8 g AI ha?1 of cloransulam), whereas a third population, P525, contained about 85% resistant individuals. Cross‐resistance to cloransulam, chlorimuron, imazethapyr and bispyribac was observed in the P116 population. P525 and P13 were both sensitive to imazethapyr but resistant to chlorimuron, imazethapyr and bispyribac. Enzyme activity assays indicated that resistance in P13 was due to an altered target site. Southern blot analysis indicated that the ALS target site is encoded by a single copy gene. Overlapping ALS gene regions were amplified and sequenced from each population. Amino acid substitutions of Ser for Pro at position 197 (P197S) was detected from P13, Ala for Pro (P197A) was identified from P525 and substitution of Glu for Asp (D376E) at position 376 was found in P116. Molecular markers were developed to differentiate between wild‐type and resistant codons at positions 197 and 376 of horseweed ALS. CONCLUSION: Resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in horseweed is conferred by target‐site mutations that have also been identified in other weed species. Identification of the mutations within horseweed ALS gene sequence enables molecular assays for rapid detection and resistance diagnosis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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安全剂R-28725保护玉米免受咪唑乙烟酸药害的机理研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
研究了安全剂R-28725对玉米的保护作用及对咪唑乙烟酸的解毒机理。当咪唑乙烟酸的使用量为20、40、60 g/hm2时,R-28725能够明显提高玉米株高、株鲜重和产量,直接增加植株体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性,增加咪唑乙烟酸与谷胱甘肽的轭合,从而达到解毒的目的。 相似文献
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Cultivars of soyabean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistant to the herbicide imazethapyr were identified by suspending the roots of 5-day-old seedlings in nutrient culture containing 2.5 mg a.i. L–1 imazethapyr and then comparing the inhibitory effect on root length and shoot dry weight. The four most resistant cultivars were subsequently screened as regenerating tissue cultures in a medium containing 2.0 mg a.i. L–l imazethapyr to select somaclonal cells with increased resistance. Surviving portions of cultures were regenerated to give shoots, the plants isolated, allowed to flower and seed. These progeny were then used for further seed multiplication and seedlings from this latter generation were exposed to imazethapyr in vivo and callus and cell suspension cultures derived from these seedlings were exposed to imazethapyr in vitro . A reduction in the inhibitory effect of the imazethapyr was noted in the somaclone seedlings and tissue cultures. However, measurement of acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity showed no differences among the parent cultivars and in the selected somaclones in this trait. 相似文献
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拮抗真菌HTC的鉴定及其对辣椒疫病的生物防治潜力 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确拮抗真菌HTC对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici的拮抗机制,采用平板对峙、形态学鉴定和18S rDNA序列比对分析等方法对菌株HTC进行了鉴定,并研究其发酵液与抗生物质粗提液对辣椒疫霉不同发育阶段的影响。经鉴定,菌株HTC为金色毛壳菌Chaetomium aureum。在平皿对峙试验中,菌株HTC的红色分泌物能抑制辣椒疫霉菌丝的生长,抑制率为59.1%,后期HTC菌丝可缠绕并降解辣椒疫霉菌丝。发酵液与抗生物质粗提液对辣椒疫霉不同发育阶段均有抑制作用,发酵液对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率高达97.58%,对辣椒疫病的防治效果均高于70%。浇灌发酵液后,可提高辣椒苗的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性,并明显促进辣椒苗生长,鲜重和干重增加32.27%和18.09%。研究表明,金色毛壳菌菌株HTC是一株具有开发潜力的生防菌株。 相似文献
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表面活性剂、喷液量及杂草叶角对普杀特喷后附着量的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
表面活性剂、喷液量及杂草叶角对普杀特在非敏感杂草马唐叶片上的喷后附着量有明显的独立影响和交互影响,其中表面活性剂的影响最大。供试的6种非离子型表面活性剂均因显著降低了普杀特药液的表面张力从而显著提高了其在马唐叶片上的喷后附着量,其中ScOil和Silwet—L77对其提高幅度最大;普杀特在马唐叶片上的喷后附着量随着喷液量的减少逐步增加,但在0—90°范围内随着马唐叶角的减小而减少,其由于喷液量的增大或马唐叶角的减小而引起的下降量,可通过加入非离子型表面活性剂而得到补偿,加入非离子型表面活性剂配合下午微液量(90L/ha)喷施,可望最大限度地增加普杀特在其非敏感杂草叶片上的喷后附着量,进而提高其药效,降低其使用成本和减少其在土壤中的残留。 相似文献
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以苘麻Abutilon theophrasti为测试植物,研究了施药后降雨和助剂对咪唑乙烟酸除草活性的影响。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸有较好的耐雨性,药后2 h内无降雨,可保持相当的防效,药后4~8 h内无降雨,与无降雨的没有显著差异。添加非离子表面活性剂能明显提高咪唑乙烟酸的除草活性。其中增效作用从大到小依次为:AM-100＞PPJ-15＞OP-10＞SDP,咪唑乙烟酸的IC50值分别比未加助剂处理的下降了33.6%、35.4%、29.5%和17.1%。咪唑乙烟酸的用量越低,助剂的增效作用越明显。 相似文献
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Kannan Rajamoorthi Bijay K. Singh Stephen Donovan Dale L. Shaner Srinivasan Rajan Gerald W. Stockton 《Pest management science》1997,49(1):17-28
NMR and UV spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods were applied to probe the interaction of the two imidazolinones, imazethapyr (5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid) and its structural isomer CL 303,135 (5-ethyl-3-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)picolinic acid), with metal ions. Both the imidazolinones inhibit the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) in vitro. However, while imazethapyr is a herbicide that is used widely in agriculture, CL303,135 does not exhibit herbicidal activity. Imazethapyr and CL303,135 exhibited considerable differences in their interactions with metals. In the metal complex of imazethapyr, the carboxyl moiety binds strongly and the pyridine nitrogen binds weakly with metals. In the case of CL303,135, both the pyridine nitrogen and the carboxyl group that are positioned ortho to each other participated strongly in the binding and were found to act together as a strong bidentate ligand to a metal ion. Both of the imidazolinones form predominantly 2:1 complexes with multivalent metal ions. However, imazethapyr binds two orders-of-magnitude more weakly (1·0×109 M -2) with metal ions compared to CL303,135 (1·7×1011 M -2). The interactions of the model compounds, nicotinic acid and picolinic acid, with metals were examined similarly. It was concluded that the strong affinity of CL303,135 for metals compared to imazethapyr may affect its absorption from soil into plants, or its translocation in plants, thereby explaining the differences in herbicidal activity of imazethapyr and CL303,135. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献