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1.
通过对辽宁省多个地区的调查,发现此病害发生普遍,尤其是二年生的五味子茎基腐病发生严重。五味子茎基腐病在5月上旬开始出现,6月初为发生盛期。本文对五味子茎基腐病进行了症状描述,并对不同地点采集的病样分别进行木质部和韧皮部病原物的分离、纯化。对分离得到的菌株按照柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定并对病原菌进行鉴定,结果表明,此病害可由木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、茄腐镰刀菌(F.solani)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)和半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)4种镰刀菌属真菌引起。针对此病害的发生特点,提出了相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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玉米内生菌L10的分离、鉴定及拮抗活性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为获得对玉米茎腐病主要病原菌禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum有明显拮抗作用的玉米内生菌,采用平板对峙法从成熟健康玉米茎秆中筛选禾谷镰孢拮抗菌株,并分析其抗菌谱;通过形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌种鉴定;利用盆栽生防试验检测其对玉米茎腐病的防治效果。结果表明,共分离获得了164株玉米内生细菌菌株,其中L10菌株对禾谷镰孢具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌圈半径达1.68 cm;该菌对玉米大斑病菌Setosphaeria turcica、层出镰孢F. proliferatum、禾谷镰孢F. graminearum、拟轮枝镰孢F. verticilliodes、玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia lunata、玉米小斑病菌Bipolaris maydis、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、茄链格孢Alternaria solani共8种植物病原菌均有拮抗作用,尤其对禾谷镰孢抑制效果最佳;结合形态特征、生理生化性质及16S rDNA序列分析,将L10菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。L10菌株脂肽类物质对禾谷镰孢菌具有较好的抑制活性,且盆栽生防试验结果显示该菌株对玉米茎腐病具有一定的防治效果。表明菌株L10对玉米镰孢茎腐病的防治具有一定潜力。 相似文献
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甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原进行了分离鉴定,从3块病田的37株罹病小麦上分离得到56个真菌菌株,分别被鉴定为雪腐镰刀菌[Fusarium nivale(Fr.)Ces.]、燕麦镰刀菌[Fusarium avenaceum(Corda et Fr.)Sacc.]、麦斑点附球霉[Epicoccum triticiP.Henn.]、小壳色单隔孢菌[Diplodiellasp.]、交链孢菌[Alternariaspp.]、芽枝霉[Cladosporiumsp.]、黑孢霉[Nigrosporasp.]。其中,雪腐镰刀菌致病性最强,燕麦镰刀菌致病性中强,麦斑点附球霉致病性弱,其余菌不致病。 相似文献
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日光温室茄茎腐病病原鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1998～2000年连续 3年在甘肃省主要茄子栽培区大量采集茄子茎腐病病株和病土 ,经分离和致病性测定 ,表明引起当地茄茎腐病的主要病原为镰刀菌和疫霉菌。根据病原形态特征、培养性状以及致病性测定 ,确定其为尖镰孢菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)、黄色镰孢菌 (Fusarium culmorum)和寄生疫霉 (Phytophthora nicotianae)。两种镰刀菌生长发育最适温度均为20～30℃ ,最适pH为7.0;在光照条件下菌丝生长缓慢。 相似文献
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常熟地区蚕豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其致病力初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2000、2001年在江苏省常熟地区采集了有典型枯萎症状的蚕豆标样各50个,获94个镰刀菌单孢菌株。经鉴定分别属于尖孢镰孢(Fusarium axysporum)、燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum)、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme )、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、三线镰孢(F.tricinctum)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)和茄镰孢(F.solani),其中尖孢镰孢、燕麦镰孢、串珠镰孢、木贼镰孢为该地区蚕豆镰刀菌枯萎病的主要病原菌。测定了48个镰刀菌菌株对蚕豆的致病力,尖孢镰孢、木贼镰孢、串珠镰孢和燕麦镰孢对蚕豆的致病力都较强。用蚕豆枯萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌交叉接种棉花和蚕豆,结果表明两者存在着较强的交互侵染能力。 相似文献
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为了针对根腐病实施有效的生物防治,分离鉴定枸杞根腐病病原菌及其拮抗菌,采用组织分离法获得腐根上的病原菌,结合形态学与分子生物学特征鉴定病原菌;利用稀释涂布、滤纸片法和共培养法从健康根际土壤筛选拮抗细菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析对拮抗效果较好的菌株进行鉴定。结果表明：从枸杞根腐病分离得到腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）和尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）两种主要致病菌,从健康枸杞根际土壤中分离获得12株对两种镰刀菌具有拮抗作用的细菌,其中J7-3、J7-8、J7-9和J10-8对腐皮镰刀菌的抑菌率均在80%以上,J7-3和J10-8对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率均在70%以上。菌株J7-3和J10-8对根腐病病原菌的抑菌作用较好,分别鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）,其中J10-8的拮抗作用和溶菌效果最好,可作为研发微生物菌剂的菌种资源。 相似文献
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Ir Martha Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1953,59(1):25-26
Summary During the rainy year of 1951 a leafspot disease of leek caused byPleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh. gave serious losses in some cases.The fungus causes a soft rot, later on the oval leafspots are growing dry, brownish white. When humidity is high many perithecia appear in about 2 months (see fig.).To control the disease spraying with copper compounds is advised. 相似文献
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Ashwani K. Basandrai Abhay K. Pandey Prakit Somta Daisy Basandrai 《Plant pathology》2021,70(6):1263-1275
The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is an important pathogen of many crops, such as strawberry, maize, sorghum, potato, soybean, chickpea, and pigeon pea, and causes multiple diseases throughout the world. The microsclerotia, which are the source of primary inoculum, play an important role in the survival and spread of M. phaseolina, as well as disease initiation and development. South Asia has unique characteristics relative to countries with temperate climates, that is, warm temperature, high humidity, and reduced rainfall that influence the interaction between M. phaseolina and its hosts. This review discusses the distribution pattern, pathogen background, pathogenic and genetic variability, and the mitigation strategies applied worldwide to reduce the impact of diseases caused by M. phaseolina with a focus on dry root rot of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot, caused by M. phaseolina, is an emerging disease of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot research in South Asia has focused mostly on adopting disease mitigation strategies evolved in tropical to temperate climates such as cultural practices, chemical control, genetic resistance, and biological control. Although the disease is prevalent in most of South Asia, there have been very few studies on M. phaseolina and its host–parasite interaction. Therefore, additional research is required in this domain, which could result in improved understanding and management of M. phaseolina in the face of present and future climate extremes. 相似文献
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Shihomi Uzuhashi Nobuaki Ohtaka Yuuri Hirooka Keisuke Tomioka Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):183-187
Foliar wilt as well as crown and root rot with sclerotia formation has affected potted liver leaf (Hepatica nobilis var. japonica f. magna) in Ojiya, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, since 2006. Apothecia developed from the sclerotia on soil surface of pots with the
diseased plants in March. A fungus forming the apothecia was identified as Dumontinia tuberosa (Sclerotiniaceae) based on its morphology and demonstrated to cause the disease. We coined the name “Dumontinia root rot
(Dumontinia-negusare-byo in Japanese) of liver leaf” for the new disease. 相似文献
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A 2004–2005 survey of potatoes from stores in the north‐central potato‐producing region of the USA showed that the predominant causes of dry rot were Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sambucinum. Isolates of F. graminearum originally isolated from potato tubers with dry rot (n = 15), wheat kernels with scab (n = 15), and sugarbeet tap roots with decay (n = 5) were tested for aggressiveness to potato tubers. There were no significant differences in aggressiveness among isolates of F. graminearum, regardless of original host, as measured by their ability to cause dry rot. These findings may have implications for survival of F. graminearum inoculum since potatoes, wheat and sugarbeets are frequently used in crop rotation in the region. Fusarium graminearum required larger wounds for infection of potato tubers than F. sambucinum. Plug‐removal injury, simulating a stolon‐removal injury, resulted in equal incidence of dry rot caused by the two Fusarium species, whereas abrasion and bruising injury were sufficient for infection and dry rot development by F. sambucinum, but not F. graminearum. A change in harvest practices from vine‐killing prior to harvest to mechanical vine‐killing on the day of harvest may be a factor affecting the onset of dry rot caused by F. graminearum, since this process often causes large wounds at the stem end of the tubers when the stolon is forcibly removed. 相似文献
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Inflorescence and fruit rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer has appeared for the first time on Rauvolfia serpentina (sarpgandha) in North Indian plains during July–September, 2003. Disease incidence was very high under high humidity and moderate temperature and posing threat to the commercial cultivation of the crop. The initial disease symptoms appear in the form of water-soaked lesions on the flowers and flower buds which later produce slimy wet rot symptoms leading to premature death and drying of infected parts including the leaves. Pathogenicity of R. stolonifer was established artificially under glasshouse conditions. 相似文献
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通过对葡萄白腐病田间发生规律研究,认为葡萄白腐病发生与生育期、温度、湿度和降雨量有密切关系。多因子模拟表明,该病害多因子Logistic模型可以较好地反映葡萄白腐病流行动态随气象因子变化情况。沈阳地区该病害防治时间为6月初;时间指数增长期为葡萄出芽到7月初,逻辑斯蒂时期为7月初到9月中旬;衰退期9月中旬以后。在发病前期合理使用2 5%甲硫.腈菌可湿性粉剂、多菌灵等药剂,可有效控制葡萄白腐病发生。 相似文献
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篱架葡萄穗白腐病最初多出现于6月中、下旬,病穗首先开始于架下,呈多点散发,7月份雨季以后,隨着雨水渐勤,病害乃逐蔓延而散见于架面。观察指出;造成白腐病发生的以上诸特点,除了最初侵染源来自表层土壤这一重要因素外,也与果园微气侯结构的关系至为密切。在枝叶茂密的葡萄园里,架下往往相当郁蔽而潮湿,白天地面温度较架上高,但夜间却常常产生显著的逆温。由于夜间地面湿度高,温度低,尤其在6月份葡萄座果后,正值华北干旱的季节,此时倘有微雨或灌溉,每引起架下偶然的水份凝聚,而架上却远较干燥。水份凝聚是有利于病害的侵染和发生的。因此6月份中、下旬架下先出现病害,及至7—8月份雨季里,架上下的湿度都高,故差异不显著,此时病害也就散见于架面,而且雨量愈多,流行愈炽。 相似文献
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M. A. Whitelaw‐Weckert E. S. Whitelaw S. Y. Rogiers L. Quirk A. C. Clark C. X. Huang 《Plant pathology》2011,60(2):325-337
Molecular sequencing (rpoB) and standard pathological and microbiological methods identified Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) as the causal agent of bacterial inflorescence rot of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in three vineyards in Tumbarumba, NSW, Australia in 2006 and 2007. Pss strains from shrivelled berries and necrotic inflorescences of diseased grapevines were used to inoculate leaves and inflorescences of potted cv. Semillon grapevines. Pss caused disease symptoms similar to those experienced in the field, including angular leaf lesions, longitudinal lesions in shoot tissues and rotting of inflorescences from before flowering until shortly after fruit set. High humidity promoted symptom severity. The necrotic bunch stem and leaf lesions were susceptible to the development of Botrytis cinerea infections. Cryo‐scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) indicated that Pss entered leaves and inflorescence tissues via distorted, open, raised stomata surrounded by folds of tissue that appeared as ‘star‐shaped’ callose‐rich complexes when viewed by UV light microscopy. In necrotic tissues, cryoSEM revealed Pss within petiole parenchyma cells and air‐filled rachis xylem vessels. This is the first report of inflorescence and hence fruit loss caused by Pss in grapevines. The disease is described as ‘bacterial inflorescence rot’ and regarded as one that expands the previously reported pathology of grapevines caused by P. syringae. This study also indicated that infection by Pss might promote destructive B. cinerea infections when the fungus is already present but latent, although further experimentation is needed to prove such an interaction. 相似文献
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Monitoring of plant and airborne inoculum of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in spring oilseed rape using real‐time PCR 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sclerotinia stem rot of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In Sweden, the disease leads to severe crop damage that varies from year to year. A real‐time PCR assay was developed and used to determine the incidence of S. sclerotiorum DNA on petals and leaves of spring oilseed rape as well as in air samples, with the aim of finding tools to improve precision in disease risk assessment. Five field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2010 to detect and study pathogen development. Assessments of stem rot showed significant differences between experimental sites. The real‐time PCR assay proved fast and sensitive and the relationship between percentage of infected petals determined using a conventional agar test and the PCR assay was linear (R2 > 0·76). There were significant differences in S. sclerotiorum incidence at different stages of flowering. The incidence of S. sclerotiorum DNA on the leaves varied (0–100%), with significantly higher incidence on leaves at lower levels. In one field experiment, S. sclerotiorum DNA was not detected on petals during flowering, whereas the pathogen was detected on leaves, with a corresponding stem rot incidence of 7%. The amount of S. sclerotiorum DNA in sampled air revealed that spore release did not coincide with flowering on that experimental site. Thus, using a real‐time PCR assay to determine the incidence of S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape leaves, rather than on petals, could potentially improve disease risk assessment. 相似文献
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Keisuke Tomioka Yuuri Hirooka Toshirou Nagai Hiroyuki Sawada Takayuki Aoki Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(4):266-268
Severe blight of potted seedlings of monkshood caused by Plectosporium tabacinum was found in glasshouses in Kagawa Prefecture in southwest Japan in May 2001. Root rot and browning of stem bases were followed
by wilting and yellowing of leaves, then blighting of leaves, flower buds and stems. A fungus was isolated from diseased plants
and confirmed to cause the disease. The new disease was named “Plectosporium blight of monkshood”. 相似文献