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1.
选择市场上常用于防治植物白粉病的生物杀菌剂,采用琼脂载玻片孢子萌发法,对青枣白粉病菌孢子进行室内毒力测定试验。结果表明：供试的7种生防药剂对青枣白粉病菌孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用,其中以0.5%大黄素甲醚的抑制效果较好,孢子萌发抑制率为89.58%,3%多抗霉素次之;2%武夷菌素对孢子萌发抑制率最低,仅为54.86%。以期室内生防药剂毒力试验结果可为大田药剂筛选及病害防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
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西宁地区草坪阔叶杂草防除试验 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
于2001和2003年4-6月对西宁地区草坪阔叶杂草进行了除草剂药效试验。结果表明,5种药剂试验处理中,72%2,4-D丁酯与48%百草敌药效最好,防效分别为89.8%和87.9%,75%杜邦巨星药效较好,防效为85.2%,药效较差的是10%甲磺隆,防效为52.9%,25%氯磺隆药效最差,防效为37.6%。浓度筛选试验中,72%2,4-D丁酯400倍液与500倍液药效最好,防效分别为97.5%和96.7%,48%百草敌1 000倍液与1 300倍液防效分别为92.9%和92.3%,药效较好,75%杜邦巨星10 000倍液药效较差,防效为87.9%,其中以72%2,4-D丁酯500倍液的防除成本最低,其次是48%百草敌1 300倍液,防除成本最高的是75%杜邦巨星10 000倍液,从防除效果和成本2方面综合考虑,72%2,4-D丁酯为西宁地区防除草坪阔叶杂草较理想的除草剂,田间推荐剂量为500倍液。 相似文献
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采用生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂对草坪草腐霉枯萎病的室内、室外毒力,结果表明：甲霜灵、移栽灵、代森猛锌、乙磷铝、百菌清和仙生对草坪草腐霉菌室内毒力具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌率均达到90%以上。室外盆栽试验表明：甲霜灵,仙生和乙磷铝对草坪草腐霉枯萎病均具有良好防效,在试验剂量下防效均大于70%,而百菌清的室外防治效果最差,与其余药剂处理差异极显著（P〈0.05）。 相似文献
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旨在探究补骨脂种子提取物对苹果腐烂病菌的杀菌活性及田间防效。采用菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制率法对补骨脂种子提取物的抑菌活性进行测定,得到的EC50值分别为6.766mg/L、0.172 mg/L,说明补骨脂种子提取物对苹果腐烂病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有明显的抑制作用。田间试验表明,补骨脂种子提取物微乳剂稀释600倍液～200倍液后,对苹果腐烂病菌引起的病斑进行刮疤涂抹处理,防治效果可达71%～81%左右。经田间系统观察,供试药剂在试验剂量范围内对苹果树生长发育无不良影响,使用安全。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2019,(5)
为了明确苜蓿根腐病致病菌尖孢镰刀菌的生物学特性和最佳杀菌剂,本试验采用不同培养基、温度、pH、光照和碳氮源的条件培养尖孢镰刀菌,测定菌落生长速率和孢子萌发率;用4种杀菌剂与PDA培养基混合制成含药培养基培养尖孢镰刀菌,测定菌落生长速率和抑制率。结果表明:适宜培养尖孢镰刀菌培养基有PSA、SNA和YMM;适宜生长温度为20～30℃、pH为7～8;黑暗条件适于生长。其中菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃和20℃,最适pH分别为7和5,最适碳源分别为可溶性淀粉和麦芽糖,最适氮源分别为尿素和蛋白胨,菌丝和孢子的致死温度分别为52℃(10min)和50℃(10min)。在供试的4种杀菌剂中,75%百菌清抑制效果最好,在稀释500倍时抑制率为89%,EC_(50)为4.5279mg/L。 相似文献
8.
进行了嘧菌酯与三唑类农药复配制剂防治香蕉叶斑病的田间药效试验。结果表明: 施药两次后,75%禾技（嘧菌酯 戊唑醇）水分散粒剂稀释3000倍液,对香蕉叶斑病的防效为90.0%,显著高于对照药剂12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂 和25%丙环唑乳油稀释1000倍液的防效;而30%福递（嘧菌酯 苯醚甲环唑）悬浮剂稀释1500倍液的防效为83.4%;与对照药剂的防效差异不显著。 相似文献
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为防治柑桔锈壁虱提供高效药剂,开展了3种新型药剂效防治柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验。结果表明,15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3000～5000倍液、500克/升氟啶胺悬浮剂1000～2000倍液、5%阿维菌素?虱螨脲乳油4000～6000倍液对柑桔锈壁虱防治效果较好,药后1～28天防效在96%以上,速效性好,持效期长。与生产常用药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油3000倍液比较,各处理与对照药剂之间防效没有显著性差异。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑桔产生药害,也未发现对天敌产生不利影响,可以在柑桔上推广应用。 相似文献
10.
60%敌畏·马乳油对幼龄桑尺蠖有良好防治效果,500倍、1000倍、2000倍3个不同稀释浓度的防效都优于对照农药60%辛硫磷1500倍稀释浓度,差异都达到极显著。对桑螟防治效果不显著,平均防效在50%左右,也差于对照农药60%辛硫磷1500倍稀释浓度,但差异不显著。对桑蓟马防治效果也不理想,3个不同浓度防效都没有超过50%,与对照农药60%辛硫磷1500倍处理区相比,表现出一定优势,但7天之后,差异也没有达到显著水平。在养蚕间隔期较短时可以作桑园害虫防治药剂,推荐使用浓度是1000倍。但是,在桑螟和桑蓟马大发生季节,60%敌畏·马乳油不宜作为防治主要药剂单剂使用 相似文献
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采用抑菌圈法,对10种杀细菌剂在火龙果茎腐病病原上进行了毒力测定。结果表明：72%农用硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂、53.8%氢氧化铜水分散颗粒剂（杜邦TM）、45%代森铵水剂、47%春雷?王铜可湿性粉剂、50%福美双可湿性粉剂和3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂对火龙果茎腐病病原均有一定抑制效果。其中,45%代森铵水剂和50%福美双可湿性粉剂防治效果较好,抑制率分别达到78.88%和71.42%,其直线回归方程分别为y=2.380 2.477x,y=2.896 1.146x,EC50分别为0.4929,0.0240。72%农用硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂效果次之,抑制率达到66.67%,直线回归方程为y=1.020 1.040x,EC50值为2.5686。这3种药剂可作为火龙果茎腐病田间药效试验的首选药剂。 相似文献
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采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11种生物源杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病菌、苹果霉心病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌以及苹果炭疽病菌的抑制活性。结果表明：3%中生菌素WP对苹果树腐烂病菌、苹果霉心病菌和苹果斑点落叶病菌均有抑制作用,EC50值分别为0.60mg/L、1.84mg/L和1.18mg/L,1%蛇床子素EW对苹果树腐烂病菌和苹果斑点落叶病菌抑制效果较好,EC50值分别为1.52 mg/L和2.65 mg/L,0.3%苦参碱AS只对苹果树腐烂病菌有较好的抑制效果,EC50值为1.0mg/L。因此,3%中生菌素WP、1%蛇床子素EW和0.3%苦参碱AS可作为后续田间药效的首选药剂。 相似文献
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Kazunari USHIDA Akio KISHIMOTO Shong-Ji PIAO Mitsugi ITOH Akira SHIGA Nobuo NAKANISHI Takamitsu TSUKAHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):556-561
Diarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non-infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper-lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non-infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases. 相似文献
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通过十字交叉法和血球计数板法测定柿树炭疽病菌Colletotrichum horri的生物学特性,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定16种常用杀菌剂对该菌菌丝生长的抑制作用和对孢子萌发的影响。柿树炭疽病菌菌丝生长的最适温度为25篊,最适产孢温度为28篊,适合菌丝生长的pH值为4.0~6.0,最适产孢pH值为4.0;最佳碳源为葡萄糖和麦芽糖,最佳氮源为牛肉膏。16种常用杀菌剂中, 33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂、25%溴菌腈乳油和70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂对柿树炭疽病菌菌丝生长和产孢的抑制效果最好,可作为防治柿树炭疽病的优选药剂,其次为70%代森联水分散粒剂、400 g?L-1氟硅唑乳油和50%福美双可湿性粉剂,可作为备选药剂。该研究结果可为柿树炭疽病的有效防治提供试验依据。 相似文献
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Dayane L. Teixeira Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama Maria Pascual-Alonso Lorena Aguayo-Ulloa Morris Villarroel Gustavo A. María 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(3):175-179
The aim of this study was to analyze the lamb's choice of bedding material when 4 different types of bedding materials and cement floor (CT) area were available during the fattening period. A total of 16 lambs were selected and distributed in 2 groups of 8 lambs each and fattened for 18 days. The animals were housed randomly in 1 of 2 pens that were subdivided into 5 areas. Four of these areas had 1 of the 4 types of flooring: sawdust (SU), waste of paper (WP), straw (ST), and rice husk (RH), whereas the fifth had a CT, opposite the feeding and drinking troughs. A video-recording device was set up in a room close to the pens to record maintenance behavior. Two kinds of recording were carried out: scan sampling every 10 minutes (7 am-9 pm) throughout the entire experiment, and continuous behavior sampling recorded continuously for 12 h/d (8 am-8 pm) on days 1, 7, and 14 (a total of 36 h/pen). The behavior patterns recorded during the experiment included lying down, standing, walking, feeding, and drinking. The occupancy rates for the different bedding areas were significantly different (P ≤ 0.001), and the lambs demonstrated a clear preference for SU bed, with a 47% occupancy rate, followed by WP (17%), ST, and RH, with occupancy rates of nearly 6% and 7%, respectively. The occupancy rate in the area with no bedding material (CT) was 21%. Significant differences were also found in behavior patterns between the bedding zones. When the lambs on the SU bedding were observed, 80% of the time they were lying down and 20% of the time standing. When they occupied the WP area, they spent 63% of the time lying down and 37% standing; for the ST bedding, the rates were 23% lying down and 77% standing; and when the lambs were observed in the area with RH flooring, they spent 40% of the time lying down and 60% standing. The clear preference shown by the lambs for SU may be associated to the SU's physical and thermal properties compared with ST. If all factors are taken into account (cost, animal preferences, and technical performance), WP bedding becomes a interesting material as an alternative to the ST bedding traditionally used by sheep farmers. 相似文献
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Cuong Nguyen-Kien Nguyen Van Khanh Christian Hanzen 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(3):483-489
The reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred dairy heifers and cows was evaluated at smallholdings in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The data of 232 heifers and 244 cows (261 lactations) from 35 small dairy farms was collected over a 2-year period, from 2013 to 2014. The overall mean for age at first service (AFS), days between first and last service (DFLS), and age at conception (AC) of heifers was 479 (±80), 38 (±80), and 517 (±114) days, respectively. Average number of services per conception (NSC), conception rate (CR), and conception rate at first service (CRFS) was 1.8 (±1.4), 55, and 58%, respectively. The overall mean for the waiting period (WP), DFLS, and days open (DO) of cows was 109 (±52), 133 (±114), and 242 (±129) days, respectively. The mean for NSC, CR, and CRFS was 4.3 (±2.7), 23, and 14%, respectively. A very significant decrease in AFS and AC according to the year of birth, and a significant increase in AFS according to body weight at first insemination (>320 kg) were observed. The CRFS of heifers inseminated in 2013 was significantly higher than in 2014. Monthly mean CR in heifers and cows was negatively correlated with THI. The WP, DFLS, DO, and NSC of cows significantly decreased according to the year of calving. Cows that calved in rainy season had a significantly longer WP than in dry season. The occurrence of postpartum (PP) diseases was accompanied by an increase in WP, DO, and NSC. A decrease in body condition score (BCS) between calving and 60th day (C60) and also between 60th and 120th day of lactation resulted in a significant increase in WP and DO. A decrease in BCS between C60 was also accompanied by a considerable reduction in CRFS of cows. Season and BCS at insemination had a significant effect on NSC and CR of cows. Reproductive performance was satisfactory for heifers, but poor for cows. Losses of BCS during the first months of lactation and at insemination were the major risk factors for this poor performance. Moreover, the season had a more negative effect on fertility in cows than in heifers. 相似文献
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火龙果溃疡病是贵州火龙果上的重要病害,为筛选出防治火龙果溃疡病的有效药剂,本研究测定了12种化学药剂和11种生物药剂对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长速率的影响,并开展了田间防效试验。菌丝生长速率测定结果表明：50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂等7种化学药剂,以及1%申嗉霉素悬浮剂等4种生物药剂的效果较好。进一步田间小区防效试验的结果显示,化学药剂75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂和生物药剂80%乙蒜素乳油防效最佳,分别为86.33%、70.63%。综合室内及田间试验结果,推荐75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂、40%氟硅唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%乙蒜素乳油、0.3%四霉素水剂可有效防控火龙果溃疡病。 相似文献
18.
长白山中蜂活框代用饲料越冬技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长白山中蜂多数采用传统的木桶饲养方法繁殖和生产,每年到晚秋采取“杀鸡取卵”方式弃蜂毁巢取蜜,这种管理和生产方式不利于中蜂资源保护和产业化开发。通过试验表明:传统木桶饲养的长白山中蜂,越冬前改为活框饲养,把西方蜜蜂用白砂糖喂出的封盖蜜脾作为越冬饲料,越冬成活率可达到83.3%～93.3%。越冬蜂群势削弱率为32.0%～30.2%,越冬饲料消耗量为1.9～2.1kg/框。在蜂群健康强壮的基础上,整个越冬期温度高时蜂群不散团,温度低时箱内有轻霜不结冰,保持巢门畅通,越冬就会成功。 相似文献
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Em-on Olanratmanee Roongroje Thanawongnuwech Annop Kunavongkrit Padet Tummaruk 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1001-1007
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection causes reproductive failures including return to oestrus, abortion, mummified foetuses, stillborn, and weak-born piglets. The objective of the present study was to investigate reproductive performance of sows in PRRS-virus-seropositive herds with and without PRRS modified live virus (PRRS-MLV) vaccination. The study was conducted in 20 PRRS-virus-seropositive commercial swine herds in Thailand. The data included 211,009 mating and 180,935 farrowing records. The analysed variables included farrowing rate (FR), return rate (RR), abortion rate (AR), total number of piglets born per litter (TB), number of piglets born alive per litter (BA), percentage of stillborn (SB), percentage of mummified foetuses (MM), and number of piglets weaned per litter (WP). The results revealed that FR in non-vaccinated sows was lower than that in vaccinated sows (85.0 vs 89.7 %, respectively, P?<?0.001), and RR in non-vaccinated sows was higher than that in vaccinated sows (6.9 vs 3.7 %, respectively, P?<?0.001). AR did not differ significantly between non-vaccinated and vaccinated sows (1.6 and 2.0 %, respectively, P?=?0.964). TB (11.2 and 11.5, respectively, P?<?0.001), BA (10.0 and 10.6, respectively, P?<?0.001), and WP (9.2 and 9.6, respectively, P?<?0.001) in non-vaccinated sows were lower than those in vaccinated sows. SB (6.9 and 5.1 %, respectively, P?<?0.001) and MM (3.2 and 2.2 %, respectively, P?<?0.001) in PRRS-MLV-vaccinated sows were higher than those in non-vaccinated sows. The improvement in sow reproductive performance in PRRS-MLV-vaccinated herds was most pronounced in gilts and primiparous sows. 相似文献
20.
大蒜素对辣椒炭疽病和辣椒疫病病菌的室内抑制活性测定及田间防效研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大蒜素是从大蒜中提取的植物源抗生素。为探明大蒜素对辣椒炭疽病和辣椒疫病病菌的抑制活性及田间防治效果,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了大蒜素对辣椒炭疽病菌和辣椒疫病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发的抑制作用,采用叶面喷雾法研究了大蒜素对2种病害的田间防治效果。结果表明,大蒜素可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌和辣椒疫病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发,其活性随着浓度的提高而增强,对辣椒炭疽病菌EC50值分别为130.15,142.60和127.21 μg/mL,对辣椒疫病菌EC50值分别为128.11,123.64和139.68 μg/mL。田间试验结果表明,6%大蒜素水乳剂600~1200 μg/mL处理第3次喷施后3 d对辣椒炭疽病和辣椒疫病的防效分别为83.54%~88.25%和82.85%~85.88%,第3次喷施后14 d分别为74.59%~79.16%和74.59%~78.01%,与对照药剂50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000 μg/mL处理无显著差异;66.7~200.0 μg/mL处理第3次喷施后3~14 d对辣椒炭疽病和辣椒疫病的防效均低于76%,显著低于对照药剂50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000 μg/mL处理。6%大蒜素水乳剂防治辣椒炭疽病和辣椒疫病的推荐使用剂量为600~1200 μg/mL,在辣椒苗期和挂果期每隔10 d喷施1次,连续喷施3次。 相似文献