共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 275 毫秒
1.
蔬菜灰霉病的发生与防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灰霉病是一类为害性很大的蔬菜病害。尽管这种病菌早在１８０１年即已定名，但在我国长期以来仅偶尔在窖藏蔬菜上见到。但是自１９８０年笔者报道了灰霉病在保护地番茄上发生以来，近二十多年发展很快，不仅对番茄的为害越来越重，而且，目前已成为番茄、黄瓜、茄子、西葫芦、菜豆、莴笋、生菜、韭菜等蔬菜的主要病害，在有些蔬菜上已成为首要病害。１症状蔬菜灰霉病有多种，不同种类在不同蔬菜上引发的症状不尽相同。为了叙述方便，这里将蔬菜灰霉病划分为３类进行叙述：１．１多寄主灰霉病（指由灰葡萄孢引起的灰霉病）１）幼苗期发病。一… 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
可杀得可湿性粉剂防治番茄灰霉病试验胡桂华，郁伟（江苏南通蔬菜科学研究所，２２６００１）番茄灰霉病是番茄座果期的主要病害，近几年来由于推广大棚早熟栽培，发病程度逐年加重，一般年份烂果率在４０％以上，产量损失３成左右。由于长期用百菌清等农药，使病菌产生抗... 相似文献
6.
木霉T97菌株对几种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用机制和温室防治试验 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
从土壤中分离了一木霉Trichoderma sp.菌株T97.竞争及对峙培养结果表明,木霉T97对豌豆根腐病菌Fusarium solani f.sp.pisi、番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、茄子黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae、黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum、小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici、小麦根腐病菌Bipolaris sorokiniana和立枯丝核病菌Rhizoctonia solani等7种病原菌有较强的生长竞争优势.光学显微观察表明,木霉T97通过缠绕、附着和穿透的方式寄生立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉病菌和小麦全蚀病菌.受T97作用后,茄子菌核病菌的菌丝尖端肿大、变粗,豌豆根腐病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的菌丝出现断裂等溶菌现象.用T97培养物(0.6%(w/w))处理土壤,对茄子黄萎病和菌核病、黄瓜枯萎病和菌核病以及豌豆根腐病的苗期病害防治效果达66%～81%.用T97孢子悬浮液108cfu/mL在花期喷雾保护黄瓜、辣椒和番茄叶面,对灰霉病的防治效果相当于50%速克灵WP 3 000倍液. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了雷帕霉素对番茄灰霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌、水稻纹枯病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌活性,比较了嘧菌酯、丙烷脒及雷帕霉素对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌效果,并通过电子显微镜观察了雷帕霉素对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:雷帕霉素对供试4种植物病原真菌菌丝均表现出了极强的抑制活性,其中对油菜菌核病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50值为2.23×10-4μg/mL,对番茄灰霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的EC50值分别为1.32×10-3、4.05×10-3及3.82×10-3μg/mL;雷帕霉素对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝的抑制活性显著高于嘧菌酯(EC50值为3.24μg/mL)和丙烷脒(EC50值为3.81μg/mL)。电镜观察发现,经雷帕霉素处理后,番茄灰霉病菌菌丝表现出提前衰老等症状。研究结果可为深入探讨雷帕霉素对植物病原真菌的作用机制奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
11.
为探索湖北省设施番茄灰霉病的发生规律,揭示不同流行因子与番茄灰霉病发生的关系。于2013-2016年在湖北省武穴市吴谷英村番茄种植基地选取代表性番茄大棚进行调查和取样检测,结果表明:湖北省设施番茄叶片和花朵带菌率变化起伏较大,带菌率分别为0～90.0%和0～100.0%;叶片带菌率在3月下旬到4月中下旬和5月中下旬是高峰期;花朵带菌率在4月中旬和5月中下旬达到高峰期,总体上花朵带菌率较高。番茄不同组织灰霉病的发病时间不同,叶片首先开始发病,花、果实、茎秆再逐渐发病,花朵和果实的发病率相对较高,叶片和茎秆发病率较低;花朵和果实发病率均在5月中旬至6月初达到最大值,茎秆发病率于5月下旬至6月上旬达到最高值,叶片无明显发病高峰期。果实、叶片、花朵和茎秆的发病率分别为0～42.0%、0～24.7%、0～100.0%和0～32.0%。番茄叶片发病率、花朵发病率、茎秆发病率和相对湿度均与果实发病率呈显著相关;通过预测模型检验表明相对湿度和叶片发病率所建模型预测值和实际值符合程度较好。在湖北省设施番茄大棚中,叶片发病率、花朵发病率、茎秆发病率和相对湿度对番茄果实发病影响最为显著,在防治过程中应及时摘除发病组织,调控棚内环境条件,预防灰霉病发生。 相似文献
12.
Regulators of ethylene biosynthesis or activity as a tool for reducing susceptibility of host plant tissues to infection by Botrytis cinerea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Y. Elad 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(3):105-113
Several compounds were tested for their ability to reduce development of grey mould on rose, tomato, pepper, eggplant, French bean andSenecio sp. Removal of ethylene from the atmosphere surrounding rose flowers, or leaves of tomato and pepper, by potassium permanganate, resulted in slower grey mould development. Inhibition of ethylene activity by 2,5-norbornadiene controlled disease on all crops but tomato. Carbon dioxide controlled grey mould on roses, but the potential for use of these agents is in doubt. Inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis such as aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), cobalt ion, the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and the radical scavenger salicylic acid were differentially effective in controlling the disease in the various hosts. Fifty mM AOA reduced grey mould on rose flowers by up to 97% when flowers were partially aerated. AOA was not phytotoxic on the tested rose cvs Golden Times and Jaguar. Combinations of ethylene absorption, inhibition of ethylene activity and ethylene biosynthesis did not result in better control as compared with the disease reduction ability of the compounds alone, tested on the various hosts. Application of benzyladenine, which reduces the host responsiveness to ethylene, resulted in 39–99% grey mould reduction in rose flowers and in leaves of tomato andSenecio sp. but was not effective on pepper or eggplant. Manipulation of ethylene presence and of host plant susceptibility to grey mould is discussed.Contribution from The Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 3270-E, 1991 series. 相似文献
13.
Stefanos Kalogiannis Sotirios E. Tjamos Anastasia Stergiou Polymnia P. Antoniou Basil N. Ziogas Eleftherios C. Tjamos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(1):69-76
Phyllosphere yeasts antagonistic to the infective activity of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from leaves of greenhouse-grown tomatoes and evaluated in a detached leaf assay for their ability to suppress grey mould. Nine of 30 recovered yeast isolates were found to reduce a disease index by >90% when compared to an untreated control. In greenhouse experiments, the yeast isolate Rhodotorula glutinis Y-44 was the most efficient in controlling grey mould of tomato plants. In further experiments in greenhouse-grown tomato plants the effectiveness of R. glutinis Y-44 was compared with two commercial fungicides. It was demonstrated that R. glutinis Y-44 was as effective as fungicides in controlling the pathogen. Moreover, the population of R. glutinis Y-44 was monitored for 8 weeks after application on tomato plants. The isolate successfully colonized the plant surface, although the population decreased by 10-fold 8 weeks after application. Since B. cinerea is also a major post-harvest pathogen for tomato fruits, the ability of R.␣glutinis Y-44, to protect artificially infected wounded tomato fruits was also tested. It was shown that R.␣glutinis Y-44 was able to reduce by 50% the percentage of infected wounds compared to the untreated controls. 相似文献
14.
15.
温湿度调控对番茄灰霉病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
番茄灰霉病菌在致病过程中能够产生4种细胞壁降解酶,以PMG酶活性最高,其次是β-葡萄糖苷酶和PG酶,Cx最少。灰霉病菌在不同温度下侵染番茄叶片时产生的致病酶活性不同,4种酶在20℃时表现了最高的活性,15℃次之,当温度达到25℃时,各种酶的活性都急剧下降,随着温度的再升高,酶活更低。随着湿度的增高,病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性也增加,当相对湿度达到90%以上时,4种酶的活性也达到最高。温湿度对番茄灰霉病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的影响趋势,与其对发病的影响趋势是一致的。 相似文献
16.
Y. ELAD 《Plant pathology》1992,41(4):417-426
Eighteen free radical scavengers (antioxidants) were tested for their ability to control grey mould. Most of the compounds reduced disease significantly in at least one of the test hosts–leaves of tomato, pepper, Senecio sp., bean, eggplant, or rose flowers; however, the effective concentration varied between 0.1 and 100 m m . Selected antioxidants were tested further. Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), tannic acid, ascorbic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 1 .0 m m controlled grey mould of tomato fruits. All these compounds except BHT controlled the disease on cucumber fruits. Antioxidants affected Rhizopus stolonifer on grape berries but not Botrytis cinerea or Aspergillus spp. Some combinations of antioxidants were found to be more effective than either compound alone when tested on pepper or tomato. The synergists ascorbic acid and citric acid improved the control activity of BHT, propyl gallate, benzoic acid and tert -butylhydroquinone on tomato leaves. Ethylene production was inhibited in tomato leaves treated with propyl gallate, ascorbic acid and benzoic acid, but not in pepper leaves. Ethephon or H2 O2 increased the severity of grey mould on leaves of Senecio sp. Their effect was controlled by BHT and benzoic acid or by BHT, respectively. Four to six compounds reduced linear growth of B. cinerea isolates in culture at a concentration of 1.0 m m , and six more compounds were effective at 10.0 m m . However just five compounds inhibited conidial germination at the high concentration alone. Gluconic acid lactone, thiourea and propyl gallate reduced Sclerotinia sclerotiomm on lettuce by 51-76%. The multiple activity of antioxidants on the host plant interaction is discussed. 相似文献
17.
利用玉米灰斑病菌株20-47、感病玉米品种(掖单13)和抗病玉米品种(沈单10号),在人工气候室和自然条件下对影响玉米灰斑病菌侵染的环境条件和寄主生育期进行了研究。结果表明:玉米灰斑病是属偏高温高湿类型的病害,在温湿度条件不能得到满足时,病害就难以完成侵染发病;病菌接种侵入的最佳温度为25℃左右,水滴条件下侵染最容易;土壤条件特别是氮、磷肥如果施用不均匀、不足或过多,也都可以对结果产生影响,在通常情况下,增施氮、磷肥能提高玉米对灰斑病的抗性;在一定光照强度范围内,光对鉴定结果的影响不明显,但光暗交替更有利于寄主发病;寄主不同生育期对病原菌侵染寄主的影响不同,11～12叶期(喇叭口期)接种,病菌较易侵染。 相似文献
18.
Several film-forming polymers reduced the amount of grey mould on various crops in a dew chamber and in a plastic house under natural conditions. The polymers Wilt Pruf, Biofilm and Colfix reduced germination of conidia and germ tube length of Botrytis cinerea . The most effective inhibition of linear growth of the pathogen on potato dextrose agar was obtained by Safe Pack and Biofilm. All polymers significantly reduced grey mould on detached leaves of Capsicum, Phaseolus , tomato, cucumber, rose and pelargonium. Grey mould on rose flowers was not controlled, apparently due to latent infection. The substances Biofilm and Vapor Gard were applied either alone or with chlorothalonil fungicide on cucumber plants in a commercial greenhouse. The polymers had no harmful effect to the host. Disease on senescing female fruits of cucumber was reduced by 46–67% with no additive effect to the mixture with fungicides. Stem infection also was reduced. 相似文献
19.
通过平板稀释分离法，从多年生草本植物薄荷根际土壤中分离到一株对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea抑菌活性良好的细菌TD-7。通过形态特征和16S rDNA、ITS序列分析，鉴定该菌为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens，并对其发酵滤液抑菌机理、最优发酵条件、最优发酵培养液组分及防治效果进行了研究。研究发现，菌株TD-7发酵滤液对番茄灰霉菌孢子的萌发有强烈的抑制作用，对菌丝生长抑制率在95%以上。皿内酶分泌试验发现，该菌可分泌几丁质酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶，未检测到β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性。发酵滤液抑菌活性最强的条件为在250 mL三角瓶中，将种子液按3%的体积比接种到50~75 mL培养液中，初始pH 8.0，温度32~36℃，转速200 r/min，发酵5 d。通过正交优化，得到最佳发酵培养液配方为玉米粉3%、蛋白胨1.5%、KH2PO4 0.05%。经摇床发酵条件及发酵培养液组分优化，菌株TD-7发酵滤液抑菌活性提高了26.39%。该菌的发酵液对温室盆栽及田间大棚中的番茄灰霉病均具有良好的防治效果，分别为80.61%和87.70%。滤液稳定性试验结果表明，菌株TD-7发酵滤液中活性物质具有较广的pH适应范围（pH 4.0~9.0），在高温和紫外光照射下较稳定，有制成生物制剂应用于番茄灰霉病生物防治的潜力。 相似文献