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水产沉性颗粒饲料挤压蒸煮工艺对其理化特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了规模化生产出低污染、高转化率的环保型水产沉性颗粒饲料,选用双螺杆挤压机对水产全价配合原料进行挤压熟化研究。以沉性水产硬颗粒饲料理化特性(膨化度、近似密度、糊化度、耐久性和水中稳定性)为重要指标,采用表面响应分析法研究了物料含水率（22%～38%）、套筒温度（70～170℃）和螺杆转速（73～107?r/min）对其挤压工艺和饲料理化特性的影响规律,SEM分析其微观结构。结果表明：物料含水率、套筒温度和螺杆转速均显著影响饲料的理化特性。中高物料含水率和套筒温度及低螺杆转速时,才能获得理想的沉性高熟化水产颗粒饲料,其理化特性具有低膨化度（1.14）,高近似密度（757.6?g/L）、糊化度（879.5?g/kg）、耐久性（96.6%）和水中稳定性（88.7%）。SEM分析显示优化条件（物料含水率31%,套筒温度126℃,螺杆转速78?r/min）下生产的颗粒饲料结构光滑质密。该研究可为发展高效、低耗、低碳高品质沉性水产饲料研究和生产提供参考。 相似文献
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该文通过4因素5水平二次正交旋转组合试验，研究了用于浸油的玉米胚挤压膨化预处理过程中的挤压系统参数(套筒温度、模孔孔径、物料含水率、螺杆转速)对考察指标(残油率、剪切强度、密度)的影响规律。得到最佳挤压工艺参数：模孔直径9 mm，物料出口温度93℃，喂入物料含水率13.3%，螺杆转速238 r/min，在此条件下得出残油率最优值为0.40%。和传统工艺相比，浸提时间缩短一半，膨化物的密度与轧坯和预轧样相比分别增加29.3%和13.8%。只要参数选择合适，可使原设备的浸出能力提高60%～120%。 相似文献
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挤压参数对组织化大豆蛋白持水性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
试验以脱脂低温豆粕为原料,以德国布拉本德双螺杆挤压实验室工作站（DSE-25型）为设备,研究了挤压温度、物料含水率以及螺杆构型对产品持水性的影响。结果表明：物料含水率和螺杆构型对产品持水率有极显著影响（p〈0.01）;挤压温度对产品的持水率没有显著影响;挤压温度、物料含水率和螺杆构型对产品吸水率有极显著影响（p〈0.01）。影响产品持水率程度的大小顺序为物料含水率、螺杆构型、挤压温度;影响产品吸水率程度的大小顺序为螺杆构型、挤压温度、物料含水率。产品吸水率随着挤压温度的升高而增加。产品的持水率和吸水率随着物料含水率的提高先增加,随后略有降低。与配备输送元件的构型相比,配备反向元件、齿型盘和捏合块的构型显著增加了产品的持水性。工艺参数和螺杆构型对大豆组织化蛋白的吸水率的影响相对较大,对持水率影响相对较小。产品良好的组织结构是提高产品持水性的必要条件。 相似文献
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合理的原料预处理工艺可以提高玉米淀粉出酒率,该文用单螺杆挤压膨化机对脱胚玉米进行挤压膨化,以模孔直径、套筒温度、物料含水率、螺杆转速和酵母添加量作为因素,以挤压膨化脱胚玉米淀粉出酒率为考察指标,采用5因素5水平(1/2实施)进行二次正交旋转组合试验设计,探讨了挤压膨化工艺参数和酵母添加量对挤压膨化脱胚玉米淀粉出酒率的影响规律,得到了优化的工艺参数:模孔直径为12mm,套筒温度140℃,物料含水率19%,螺杆转速200r?min-1,在酵母添加量为0.4%时,玉米淀粉出酒率可以达到55.81%。 相似文献
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菜籽挤压膨化系统参数对出油率影响的试验研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
该文研究了用于浸油的一种菜籽挤压膨化预处理工艺(油菜籽清理—带壳粉碎—膨化—浸油)的可行性，油菜籽挤压膨化系统参数(模孔孔径、套筒温度、物料含水率、螺杆转速)对各考察指标(粕的残油率、膨化物含油率及榨笼出油率)的影响规律，挤压膨化系统优化参数的范围为模孔孔径8～12 mm、套筒温度105～125℃、物料含水率6.6%、螺杆转速35～55 r/min。研究表明：只要参数选择合适，带壳油菜籽清理、粉碎、挤压膨化、浸出的菜籽浸油预处理工艺是可行的，且残油率较低。该菜籽挤压膨化浸油预处理工艺可供生产参考。 相似文献
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选用双螺杆挤压机对水产全价配合原料进行挤压熟化,以沉性水产硬颗粒饲料理化特性(膨化度、堆积密度、糊化度、耐久性和水中稳定性)为重要指标,采用表面响应分析法研究了物料水分含量(25～35%)、套筒温度(90～150℃)和螺杆转速(80～100 r/min)对其挤压工艺和饲料理化特性的影响规律,SEM分析其微观结构。结果表明：物料水分、套筒温度和螺杆转速均显著影响饲料的理化特性。中高物料水分和套筒温度及低螺杆转速时,才能获得理想的沉性高熟化水产颗粒饲料,其理化特性具有低膨化度(1.15),高堆积密度(754.7 g/L)、糊化度(882.3 g/kg)、耐久性(96.6%)和水中稳定性(89.1%)。SEM分析显示优化条件(物料水分30%,套筒温度120℃,螺杆转速80 r/min)下生产的颗粒饲料结构光滑质密。 相似文献
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单螺杆挤压机对农产品加工因素的优化 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
在农产品和食品挤压机加工过程中,由于各种因素的变化,对产品的膨化质量有很大影响。通过挤压机螺杆与螺套之间的间隙、螺杆转速和物料含水率的变化,对产品的膨化指数,挤压机的生产率和功耗进行测定,分析在不同工况下挤压的工作情况以及产品特性。试验结果表明,影响试验指标的主要因素是螺杆与螺套之间的间隙,试验因素主次排列为间隙,含水率和转速,其较优组合为螺杆螺套之间的间隙0.75mm,螺杆转速300r/min,物料含水率18％。 相似文献
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为探究不同加工工艺参数和黄粉虫蛋白替代鱼粉不同比例对低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料加工质量的影响,并优化得出最适操作参数。该研究采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以黄粉虫蛋白替代比例、调质后物料含水率和膨化机模头温度3个因素为自变量,变化范围分别在0～50%、25%～29%、110～140 ℃之间,以膨化颗粒饲料容重、沉降速度、10 min沉水率、能耗为因变量,对3个自变量参数进行优化。试验结果表明：低淀粉缓沉性膨化饲料的容重随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随含水率的升高而升高,随着模头温度的升高略微升高;沉降速度随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着模头温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当黄粉虫替代比例在0～25%时,沉降速度随着含水率的升高逐渐增大,当黄粉虫替代比例为50%时,沉降速度随含水率的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;10 min沉水率随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着含水率的升高而升高;10 min沉水率随着模头温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;能耗随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着调质后物料含水率的升高总体呈降低的趋势,随着模头温度的升高逐渐降低。方差分析结果显示各因素对低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料加工质量的影响由大到小顺序为：黄粉虫蛋白替代比例、调质后物料含水率、膨化机模头温度。优化得到加工低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料的最优工艺参数为和最适替代比例：调质后物料含水率为27.6%,模头温度为108 ℃,黄粉虫蛋白替代比例为15.0%,在此条件下加工出的膨化颗粒饲料沉降速度为7.73 cm/s、10 min沉水率为95%、能耗为34.39 (kw·h)/t。验证试验相对误差均小于4%,模型优化结果可靠,研究结果可为饲料企业生产低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料提供参考依据。 相似文献
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固液分离是畜禽粪便后续处理利用的重要环节,针对现有固液分离机处理高浓度粪污混合物存在效率低、分离效果差等问题,该文设计了一种断齿螺旋脱水装置,以高浓度猪粪为试验对象,采用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验对断齿螺旋脱水装置的工作参数进行了优化试验,以螺旋转速、间断距离、配重位置为影响因素,以分离效率和挤出物含水率为目标函数,建立了影响因素与目标函数之间的多元数学回归模型。通过试验并结合生产实际,最终获出最佳工作参数组合为:间断距离37 mm,转速56 r/min、配重块处于配重杆309 mm位置处(相对位置),此时分离效率为5.43 m3/h,挤出物含水率为53.52%,试验结果与理论优化值间的误差小于10%,最优参数组合下固体回收率实测值为54.91%,表明该文得出的多元数学回归模型与真实值间的拟合度较高,可为高浓度粪污混合物固液分离机的设计与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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This study was conducted to develop a ready‐to‐eat extruded food using a single‐screw laboratory extruder. Blends of Indian barley and rice were used as the ingredients for extrusion. The effect of extrusion variables and barley‐to‐rice ratio on properties like expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index, hardness, β‐glucan, L*, a*, b* values, and pasting characteristics of extruded products were studied. A central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the effects of operating variables: die temperature (150–200°C), initial feed moisture content (20–40%), screw speed (90–110 rpm), and barley flour (10–30%) on properties like expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index (WAI), hardness, β‐glucan, L*, a*, b* values, and sensory and pasting characteristics of extruded products. Die temperature >175°C and feed moisture <30% resulted in a steep increase in expansion ratio and a decrease in bulk density. Barley flour content of 10% and feed moisture content of <20% resulted in an increased hardness value. When barley flour content was 30–40% and feed moisture content was <20%, a steep increase in the WAI was noticed. Viscosity values of extruded products were far less than those of corresponding unprocessed counterparts as evaluated. Rapid visco analysis indicated that the extruded blend starches were partially pregelatinized as a result of the extrusion process. Sensory scores indicated that barley flour content at 20%, feed moisture content at 30%, and die temperature at 175°C resulted in an acceptable product. The prepared product was roasted in oil using a particular spice mix and its sensory and nutritional properties were studied. 相似文献
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香蕉秸秆颗粒燃料固体成型机的设计与试验 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
针对中国热带农业区香蕉秸秆粗大、含水率高、秸秆固体成型设备少等问题,该文研究设计了香蕉秸秆固体成型机,确定了螺杆挤压装置、搅拌装置、挤出成型装置和排水装置等部件的主要结构参数。样机性能试验结果表明:该机生产率为358kg/h,颗粒燃料的成型率为95.4%,机械耐久性为96.7%,颗粒质量密度为1.35g/cm3,颗粒含水率为2.76%,符合生物质颗粒燃料成型要求。整机工作平稳,成型可靠,经济效益与生态效益明显,在中国热带农业区具有广阔的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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Brown rice flour was mixed with a Chinese medical plant (Euryale ferox Salisb.) and processed to make ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereals using twin‐screw extrusion. Levels of 15 and 20% feed moisture in flour, and 200 and 250 rpm screw speed were set, and the physicochemical properties and content of α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols were determined. The data showed that 15% feed moisture gave a low bulk density and water absorption index but a high expansion ratio and water solubility index. High screw speed (250 rpm) produced a result similar to that of 15% feed moisture. A sample with 85% brown rice flour with 15% E. ferox Salisb. retained the highest content of α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols (125, 6, 78, and 9 μg/g), respectively. The optimum extrusion conditions determined were 15% E. ferox Salisb. mixed with brown rice at 15% feed moisture and at 250 rpm screw speed. 相似文献
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Parisa Fallahi Kurt A. Rosentrater Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan Mehmet Tulbek 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(3):186-197
A fractional factorial design with a replicated central composite point was used to investigate the effects of extrusion processing on physical properties of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) based aquafeeds using a twin‐screw extruder. Extrusion cooking trials were performed with a nutritionally balanced ingredient blend for Nile tilapia, with two levels of screw speed (350 and 450 rpm), two levels of extruder water (0.236 and 0.302 kg/min), and two levels of conditioner steam (0.1 and 0.15 kg/min). The central point was 400 rpm screw speed, 0.271 kg/min extruder water, and 0.12 kg/min conditioner steam. Effects of these processing conditions on extrudate characteristics were extensively analyzed and included moisture content, water activity, thermal properties, expansion ratio, unit density, bulk density, color, water stability, sinking velocity, water absorption and solubility indices, and pellet durability index. Increasing the extruder water and conditioner steam resulted in a 5.3% decrease and nearly 8.6% rise in mass flow rate, respectively. As screw speed increased from 350 to 400 rpm, water stability and water activity increased by 13 and 58%, respectively. Increasing extruder water from 0.236 to 0.302 kg/min led to a significant increase in water stability by 12.5% and decreases in water absorption index, water activity, and expansion ratio by 13, 21, and 5.5%, respectively. As conditioner steam increased from 0.1 to 0.15 kg/min, sinking velocity and water absorption index decreased by 25 and 15%, respectively. Increasing conditioner steam from 0.1 to 0.12 kg/min resulted in 20, 5.5, 10, and 3% decreases in moisture content of the extrudates, brightness (L*), water stability, and expansion ratio, respectively. It also increased bulk density by 5.8% and unit density by 4.2%. Overall, all trials produced viable extrudates with properties appropriate for Nile tilapia feeding. 相似文献
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We have modeled a rice extrusion process focusing specifically on the starch gelatinization and water solubility index (WSI) as a function of extrusion system and process parameters. Using a twin‐screw extruder, we examined in detail the effect of screw speed (350–580 rpm), barrel temperature, different screw configurations, and moisture content of rice flour on both extrusion system parameters (product temperature, specific mechanical energy [SME], and residence time distribution [RTD]) and extrudate characteristics (expansion, density, WSI, and water absorption index [WAI]). Changes in WSI were monitored to reveal a relationship between the reaction kinetics during extrusion and WSI. Reaction kinetics models were developed to predict WSI during extrusion. WSI followed a pseudo first‐order reaction kinetics model. It became apparent that the rate constant is a function of both temperature and SME. We have developed an adaptation of the kinetic model based on the Arrhenius equation that shows better correlations with SME and distinguishes data from different screw configurations. This adaptation of the model improved predictability of WSI, thereby linking the extrusion conditions with the extruded product properties. 相似文献
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Nehru Chevanan Kurt A. Rosentrater Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan 《Cereal Chemistry》2007,84(5):428-436
Extrusion trials were conducted with varying levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, vitamin mix, mineral mix, and net protein content adjusted to 28% using a Wenger TX-52 twin-screw extruder. The properties of extrudates were studied in experiments conducted using a full-factorial design with three levels of DDGS content, two levels of moisture content, and two levels of screw speed. Increasing the DDGS content from 20 to 60% resulted in a 36.7% decrease in the radial expansion, leading to a 159 and 61.4% increase in the unit density and bulk density of the extrudates, respectively. Increasing the DDGS content resulted in a significant increase in the water absorption index (WAI) but a significant decrease in the water solubility index (WSI) of the extrudates. Changing the screw speed and moisture content had no significant effect on the radial expansion ratio but resulted in a significant difference in the bulk density of the extrudates, which may be due to the occurrence of longitudinal expansion. Even though changing the moisture content and screw speed had no significant effect on the WSI of the extrudates, significant differences in the WAI of the extrudates were observed. The ingredient components in the blend and moisture content had an influence on the color changes of the extrudates, as did the biochemical changes occurring inside the barrel during processing. Overall, it was determined that DDGS could be included at a rate of up to 60% using twin-screw extrusion, and that viable pelleted floating feeds can be produced. 相似文献
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挤压加工参数对重组米生产过程及产品膨胀度的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了考察重组米生产过程中挤压加工变量对几种系统参数与产品膨胀度的影响,试验以杂交籼米（9?718品种）为原料,利用响应面模型,以螺杆转速、进料速度、进料含水率以及末端机筒温度为输入变量,以挤压系统参数（物料温度、模头压强、扭矩、比机械能和产品含水率）和重组米膨胀度为响应变量,探索在重组米生产过程中加工变量与系统参数及产品膨胀度的关系。结果表明,压强、比机械能和产品膨胀度都受到4个挤压变量的显著影响,但是物料温度受进料速度影响不显著,马达扭矩受末端机筒温度影响不显著,产品含水率仅受进料含水率的显著影响。比机械能与螺杆转速正相关,与进料速度、进料含水率和末端机筒温度负相关。所得二次回归模型均拟合良好,建立的挤压数学模型可应用于重组米生产,为重组米工业化生产的过程预测和产品性质预测提供参考。 相似文献
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Effects of particle size (50–1,622 μm), screw speed (200–400 rpm), and feed moisture content (19–22%) on twin-screw extrusion of corn meal were investigated using a full-factorial design. Torque, specific mechanical energy, and product temperature generally showed no change within the commonly used particle-size range (100–1,000 μm), but each value dropped significantly as the particle size increased >1,000 μm. Die pressure was influenced by the three-way interaction of particle size, screw speed, and feed moisture content. The highest moisture level (22%), largest particle size (1,622 μm), and two lowest screw speeds (200 and 300 rpm) were the only conditions where the starch was <97.5% of transformation (gelatinization). Consequently, these two conditions also showed the least expansion and hardest product. 相似文献