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CARLO GUGLIELMINI ANTONIO DE SIMONE LUCA VALBONETTI ALESSIA DIANA 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2007,48(3):227-229
Two aged dogs with chronic obstructive airway disease were evaluated because of intermittent swelling of the ventral cervical region. Radiographs made at expiration and caudal positioning of the forelimbs allowed identification of intermittent cervical lung herniation of the left and right cranial lung lobe in both dogs. Pulmonary hyperinflation, increased expiratory effort, and chronic coughing were considered responsible for the lung herniation. Cervical lung hernia should be included in the differential diagnoses of intermittent cervical swelling in dogs with chronic respiratory disorders associated with increased expiratory effort and chronic coughing. 相似文献
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Cytology of tracheal aspirates, tracheal endoscopic and blood tests were carried out to
86 Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which were suspected to
have lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) to assess the conditions of the disorders.
Racehorses were classified into coughing (66 horses) and non-coughing (20 horses) groups
based on clinical symptoms. Nine Thoroughbred racehorses without respiratory abnormality
were used as controls. Assessment of grades of airway mucus, cytology of tracheal
aspirates and serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen (Fbg) and pulmonary surfactant protein D
(SP-D) measurements were performed. Relationships between age, gender and racing careers
were also investigated to understand the characteristics of LRTD in racehorses. Mean age
was significantly higher in non-coughing group compared to coughing group. Existence of
racing career and number of starts were significantly greater in non-coughing group
compared to coughing group. On the other hand, grades of airway mucus were significantly
higher in coughing group compared to control group. Percentages of neutrophils in tracheal
aspirates were significantly higher in coughing group compared to non-coughing and control
groups. SAA, Fbg and SP-D were higher in coughing group compared to non-coughing and
control groups indicating that condition of coughing group is in the acute phase. Positive
rate of inflammatory airway disease was significantly higher in coughing and non-coughing
groups compared to control group. It was concluded that carrying out comprehensive
evaluation including investigation on SAA, Fbg and SP-D analysis with airway assessment to
Thoroughbred racehorses which were suspected to have LRTD are useful procedure to
understand the pathological condition which aid to initiate appropriate treatment,
prognosis judgment or to advise trainers to consider altering training regimen. 相似文献
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CASE SUMMARY: A 5-year-old male neutered indoor cat presented for evaluation and treatment of an acute onset of nasal discharge and open-mouth breathing of 3 days' duration. He had been treated for asthma prior to presentation, but his clinical signs were more consistent with upper airway disease. Thoracic radiographs were suggestive of asthma. However, a soft tissue mass was noted in the nasopharynx on a lateral cervical radiograph. Nasopharyngeal examination revealed the mass to be a trichobezoar (hair ball) lodged in the nasopharynx, removal of which led to resolution of clinical signs. The cat re-presented with a second nasopharyngeal trichobezoar approximately 1 year later, which was also successfully removed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nasopharyngeal disease has myriad potential infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic etiologies. However, simpler causes such as foreign bodies can be considered in cases of acute-onset nasopharyngeal disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nasopharyngeal trichobezoar foreign body in a cat. 相似文献
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CLINICAL SUMMARY: This report describes torsion of the right cranial lung lobe in a cat with haemorrhagic pleural effusion and a chronic diaphragmatic hernia. Surgical treatment comprising lung lobectomy without de-rotation, and repair of the diaphragmatic defect, led to an uneventful recovery. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Lung lobe torsion is a rare condition in cats. While spontaneous lung lobe torsions may occur, a frequent association with underlying thoracic disease has been recognised in cats. However, neither haemorrhagic pleural effusion nor diaphragmatic hernia have been previously described in cats with lung lobe torsions, although they have been documented in dogs and humans. In a cat with suspected lung lobe torsion, a thorough search for an underlying disease should be undertaken. 相似文献
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Elizabeth M. Hardie Oscar Ramirez III Erik M. Clary Joseph N. Kornegay Maria T. Correa R. Alan Feimster Emily R. Robertson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(4):279-287
The thoracic bellows mechanism consists of the rib cage and the diaphragm. The purpose of this study was to determine if nontraumatically acquired lesions of the bellows were secondary to underlying disease. Abnormalities of the bellows, specifically stress fractures of the ribs and hiatal hernia, were found in 21 dogs and cats with underlying cardiopulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, or metabolic disease. A case-control study of Bulldogs demonstrated that hiatal hernia was associated with the more severe manifestations of brachycephalic syndrome. Stress fractures occurred mostly in females and in cats, and involved multiple ribs. Fractures were usually related to severe respiratory effort, but also occurred in association with metabolic disease. Hiatal hernia was also associated with severe respiratory effort, but may be exacerbated if a neuromuscular disorder affecting the diaphragm is present. Abnormalities of the thoracic bellows, such as rib stress fractures and hiatal hernia, may be signs of underlying disease, rather than being primary causes of disease. 相似文献
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Chronic tracheobronchial syndrome was diagnosed in eight dogs which had had a chronic mild cough for two to 13 months but were otherwise clinically normal. In five of them there was evidence of contact with other coughing dogs before the appearance of clinical signs and the majority at first responded favourably to antibacterial therapy. The coughing occurred mainly when the dogs pulled on their leads or became excited. Three cases had bronchoscopic evidence of active airway inflammation, and five had varying numbers of inflammatory cells (neutrophils) in bronchial aspirates. There was no evidence of excessive production of mucus in the airways of any of the dogs. Seven had an increased bronchial pattern on radiographs but only one of the dogs has developed chronic bronchitis. 相似文献
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Pauwels FF Hawkins JF MacHarg MA Rothenbuhler RD Baird DK Moulton JS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(3):427-432
CASE DESCRIPTION: 3 Horses were examined and treated because of sudden onset of signs of abdominal pain. CLINICAL FINDINGS: All horses had a retrosternal (Morgagni) hernia involving the right side of the diaphragm. In each horse, the large colon was incarcerated in a right muscular defect in the diaphragm with a large hernial sac. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Definitive surgical repair of the hernia was not performed during the initial celiotomy. The hernia was repaired with mesh herniorrhaphy, but without resection of the hernia sac in 2 horses. For 1 horse, conservative management was applied. In the 2 horses treated with surgical correction, no major postoperative complications developed, and all 3 horses have been free of signs of abdominal pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses with retrosternal hernias involving the diaphragm can develop clinical signs of intermittent obstruction of the large colon and chronic colic. In horses, retrosternal diaphragmatic hernias appear to develop exclusively in the right ventral aspect of the diaphragm and could represent an embryologic defect of diaphragm formation. Affected horses can be successfully treated with mesh herniorrhaphy or, in some instances, with conservative management. 相似文献
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A 7-year-old, spayed female Domestic Longhair cat was evaluated for a 6-week history of coughing. Thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. Thoracic ultrasound revealed a pleural effusion and a focal lung mass. The cat underwent exploratory thoracotomy and a total left pneumonectomy was performed. Histopathology and cultures revealed fungal pneumonia and pyothorax caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Abdominal ultrasound, repeat thoracic radiography, urinalysis with culture, and retroviral screening failed to detect evidence of systemic disease. The cat's poorly regulated diabetes mellitus is suspected to be the predisposing factor allowing a fungal pulmonary infection to become established. At 18 months after surgery the cat was still disease-free. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of successful treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in the cat. 相似文献
10.
Benitah N Matousek JL Barnes RF Lichtensteiger CA Campbell KL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(5):706-9, 698
An 11-year-old cat was evaluated because of dyspnea. Since 11 months of age, the cat had hyperextensibility of the skin consistent with cutaneous asthenia. Radiographic examination revealed a diaphragmatic hernia with intestinal loops in the thorax. Electron microscopic examination of skin specimens revealed collagen fibers of highly variable diameter, consistent with cutaneous asthenia. The diaphragmatic hernia was surgically repaired and healed well. Four weeks later, a left-sided perineal hernia was repaired surgically, and 4 months later, a right-sided perineal hernia was repaired surgically and colopexy and cystopexy were performed. All surgical procedures were successful and tissues healed well. Dermatosparaxis is a rare hereditary disorder that commonly results in cutaneous fragility and hyperextensibility in affected animals. The diagnosis depends on clinical findings and light and electron microscopic changes in affected tissues. Surgical repair can be performed successfully in an affected cat, and healing of incisions can occur without complications. 相似文献
11.
Elizabeth Lafond Walter E Weirich S Kathleen Salisbury 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(1):74-78
A 6-year-old, spayed female Himalayan cat with idiopathic chylothorax, which failed to respond to medical management, was successfully treated by advancement of the omentum into the thorax. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed severe, constrictive pleuritis as a sequela to chylothorax. Because of the poor prognosis for recovery from chylothorax in cats with thoracic duct ligation alone, and the lack of success in performing thoracic duct ligation in this cat, the omentum was advanced into the thorax through a hole created in the diaphragm and sutured within the thoracic cavity. The cat recovered from surgery and is clinically normal 13 months postoperatively. Omental advancement may be an effective surgical management technique for this challenging disease in cats. 相似文献
12.
The results of treatment of 31 dogs with perineal hernia by internal obturator muscle transposition were evaluated by comparing the clinical signs reported by the owner before surgery with those reported 11 or more months following surgery. The severity and frequency of pre- and postoperative clinical signs were categorized numerically, and composite scores were obtained for each dog. In addition, the dogs were examined 11 or more months following surgery. The presence or absence of an externally obvious perineal swelling was noted, and rectal examination was performed to detect rectal sacculation and the integrity of the pelvic diaphragm dorsal and ventral to a line drawn between the center of the anus and the ischiatic tuberosity. These results were correlated with the postoperative composite scores. Postoperative complications included wound infection (2), wound seroma (2), rectal prolapse (4), urinary incontinence (2), and flatus as a new postoperative problem (11). The postoperative composite score was significantly lower (improved function) following surgery. Dogs with worse signs preoperatively or bilateral perineal hernia benefited less from surgery. More dogs showed improvement when the operation was performed by experienced surgeons. Factors detected at follow-up examination that correlated with more severe postoperative clinical signs were perineal swelling, absence of the ventral portion of the pelvic diaphragm, and rectal sacculation. The presence or absence of reformation of the dorsal aspect of the pelvic diaphragm did not correlate with postoperative clinical signs. 相似文献
13.
Zambelli AB 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2006,77(1):45-50
A 6-year-old entire male cat was presented with a 1-week history of severe dyspnoea without coughing. Upon auscultation, an inspiratory and particularly pronounced expiratory wheeze was noted, with severe dyspnoea. The minimum database was normal. Plain thoracic radiographs showed signs of a mural or intraluminal intrathoracic (T1-T4) tracheal narrowing. A dynamic collapsing trachea was ruled out using fluoroscopy. Bronchoscopy was performed and a dark green and brown spiculated foreign object was found just cranial to the carina. Following removal, the cat rapidly developed extensive truncal subcutaneous emphysema and oxygen-responsive dyspnoea and cyanosis. Follow-up radiographs demonstrated unilateral pneumothorax and lung collapse, marked pneumomediastinum and dissection of air through the tracheal wall. A thoracic drain was placed and the pneumothorax resolved rapidly. Follow-up radiographs demonstrated resolution of pneumothorax and development of extensive retroperitoneal air. The cat made an uneventful recovery. The foreign object was the calyx and stem of a flower. This article emphasises the importance of diagnostic imaging in the dyspnoeic patient, both for confirming initial suspicions of respiratory tract disease, and in managing and charting post-therapy resolution or complications. 相似文献
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Robinson NE Berney C Eberhart S deFeijter-Rupp HL Jefcoat AM Cornelisse CJ Gerber VM Derksen FJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(5):550-557
OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between cough frequency and mucus accumulation, airway obstruction, and airway inflammation and to determine effects of dexamethasone on coughing and mucus score. ANIMALS: 13 horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and 6 control horses. PROCEDURE: 6 RAO-affected and 6 control horses were stabled for 3 days. Coughing was counted for 4 hours before and on each day horses were stabled. Before and on day 3 of stabling, tracheal mucus accumulation was scored, airway obstruction was assessed via maximal change in pleural pressure (deltaPpl(max)), and airway inflammation was evaluated by use of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Effects of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h for 7 days) were determined in 12 RAO-affected horses. RESULTS: To assess frequency, coughing had to be counted for 1 hour. In RAO-affected horses, stabling was associated with increases in cough frequency, mucus score, and deltaPpl(max). Control horses coughed transiently when first stabled. In RAO-affected horses, coughing was correlated with deltaPpl(max), mucus score, and airway inflammation and was a sensitive and specific indicator of deltaPpl(max) > 6 cm H2O, mucus score > 1.0, and > 100 neutrophils/microL and > 20% neutrophils in BALF Dexamethasone reduced cough frequency, mucus score, and deltaPpl(max), but BALF neutrophil count remained increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because of its sporadic nature, coughing cannot be assessed accurately by counting during brief periods. In RAO-affected horses, coughing is an indicator of airway inflammation and obstruction. Corticosteroid treatment reduces cough frequency concurrently with reductions in deltaPpl(max) and mucus accumulation in RAO-affected horses. 相似文献
15.
Hiatal hernia with focal megaoesophagus was diagnosed in a 10-year-old Friesian stallion presenting to the referral hospital for further investigation of recurrent oesophageal obstruction. Oesophageal endoscopy revealed dilation of the distal oesophagus with alterations in the mucosa characteristic of gastric mucosa in the distal oesophagus. In addition, a moderate amount of feed material was identified in the distal oesophagus. Positive contrast radiography showed that approximately half of the stomach was herniated cranially through the diaphragm. Management of the disease included recommendations to elevate the patient’s torso during feeding and provide mash-only feeds. Provided that successful control of the megaoesophagus could be achieved, surgical repair of the hiatal hernia may be an option for the future. This is the first report of hiatal herniation in horses. We report the successful conservative management of a stallion with both megaoesophagus and hiatal herniation through elevated feedings and selective exercise management. 相似文献
16.
This short communication describes the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical course of a domestic short-haired cat with diaphragmatic hernia in which the herniated structure in the thoracic cavity contained a mummified fetus. The cat was pregnant when rescued from the street and, days later, gave birth without abnormalities. Some months later, during an ovariohysterectomy, an abnormal localization of the uterus was observed, and at that time the case was referred to our center. A thoracic radiograph showed an abnormal thoracic mass cranial to the heart. The main suspicion was the presence of a thoracic hernia with the uterus herniated and containing a mummified fetus. A thoracotomy was performed to confirm the nature of the mass and reduce the diaphragmatic hernia. Although this clinical case is quite rare, a mummified fetus can be observed in thoracic hernias. 相似文献
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J C Drummond M M Todd H M Shapiro 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1983,182(10):1099-1101
The minimal alveolar concentrations for halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane in the domestic cat were found to be 1.19 +/- 0.05 (SEM)%, 2.37 +/- 0.06%, and 1.61 +/- 0.04%, respectively. During the potency studies, it was observed that enflurane and isoflurane resulted in shorter wake-up times, compared with halothane. However, enflurane and isoflurane produced electroencephalographic (EEG) and clinical signs of CNS irritability (EEG spiking, myoclonus) in normocapnic or mildly hypocapnic cats. In addition, enflurane and isoflurane caused greater airway irritability (coughing, salivation) than did halothane. 相似文献
18.
Beth A. Valentine DVM Barry J. Cooper BVSc PhD Amy E. Dietze DVM Drew M. Noden PhD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1988,2(3):109-112
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, affecting both sexes, was present in five of 27 puppies from three father-daughter matings. A purebred Golden Retriever was the common sire. The defect occurred in the left dorsolateral portion of the diaphragm, suggesting failure of closure of the left pleuroperitoneal canal during embryonic development. These findings, and a previous report of a similar defect in neonatal puppies, are consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance of canine diaphragmatic defects. 相似文献
19.
Hughes MS Ball NW Love DN Canfield PJ Wigney DI Dawson D Davis PE Malik R 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》1999,1(1):23-29
An 8-year-old FIV-positive Australian cat was presented with coughing, periocular alopecia, pyrexia and inappetence. Skin scrapings demonstrated Demodex cati mites. Antibiotics were administered and it was treated successfully for periocular demodectic mange, but the cat continued to exhibit respiratory signs and lose weight. Further investigation revealed an ascarid infection and active chronic inflammation of undetected cause affecting the lower airways. Repetitive treatment with pyrantel failed to eradicate the ascarid infection. The cat became cachectic and developed moist ulcerative dermatitis of the neck, severe non-regenerative anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Necropsy and histopathology revealed mycobacteriosis affecting skin, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and kidney. Attempted culture of frozen tissues at a mycobacteria reference laboratory was unsuccessful. Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue was retrieved and examined using PCR to amplify part of the 16S rRNA gene. A diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection was made based on the presence of acid fast bacteria in many tissues and partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Although M genavense has been identified previously as a cause of disseminated disease in AIDS patients, this is the first report of infection in a cat. It was suspected that the demodecosis, recurrent ascarid infections and disseminated M genavense infection resulted from an immune deficiency syndrome consequent to longstanding FIV infection. 相似文献
20.
A 12-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated with a life-long history of intermittent, predominantly small bowel diarrhea and a 3 day history of hematochezia. At presentation, the cat had increased liver enzyme activities and an inflammatory leukogram. Histopathology demonstrated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cholangiohepatitis and pancreatitis. The cholangiohepatitis was associated with a multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium. Gallbladder agenesis was also documented. Treatment with vancomycin was safely instituted for 10 days. Clinical signs resolved, however, cure of the bacterial cholangiohepatitis was not achieved. The risk of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in human and veterinary medicine is discussed. 相似文献