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《中国农学通报》2017,(27)
以耧斗菜(Aquilegia viridiflora)中的2个品种(矮重品种和矮化品种)作为试验材料,通过研究不同温度、干旱胁迫及不同盐胁迫对2种耧斗菜的影响,分析其发芽率、叶面积、胚芽、胚根长度等指标,探究温度、PEG处理及盐胁迫对2种耧斗菜种子的萌发以及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)耧斗菜矮重品种的种子在常温和5%PEG-6000的干旱处理下发芽率最高为92%,其矮化品种在同等条件下发芽率仅为40%。(2)在2种耧斗菜种子中,矮重品种种子表现出较强的抗旱性,在20%的PEG-6000干旱胁迫下依然可以发芽,而矮化品种种子在同等干旱胁迫下被抑制发芽和生长。(3)Na_2SO_4表现为0.3%浓度的溶液对种子萌发具有促进作用,与CK组相比发芽率提高了14%,其他盐溶液则表现为抑制,且随浓度的增加抑制作用增强。 相似文献
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本研究采用室内NaCl模拟盐胁迫,PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,通过测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、平均发芽天数、相对盐害率等8个指标,比较不同浓度胁迫处理下3个藜麦品种(并1、晋3、2405)的种子萌发特征。结果表明,NaCl和PEG-6000胁迫下并1的种子萌发受到抑制,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数随处理浓度的升高而降低,平均发芽天数和相对盐害率随处理浓度的升高而增加;低浓度的NaCl胁迫(<300 mmol/L)和PEG-6000胁迫(<20%)可促进晋3种子的萌发;低浓度PEG-6000胁迫可促进2405种子萌发;供试藜麦种子萌发期耐盐、抗旱性强弱为2405>晋3>并1。研究表明,2405种子具有较强的耐盐和抗旱性,在盐碱和干旱地区具有推广应用潜力。 相似文献
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以沙生木地肤种子为材料,置于不同变温,不同NaCl和PEG-6000浓度下进行萌发试验,探讨温度、盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对其发芽率和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:沙生木地肤种子萌发的适宜温度为25℃/15℃,发芽率为(92±3.27)％,但与20℃/10℃和15℃/5℃下发芽率无显著差异,过高温或过低温周期对种子的萌发和幼苗生长具有抑制作用.低浓度的NaC1溶液(≤0.2 mol/L)对种子的初始发芽率和最终发芽率没有显著影响,随着NaCl浓度的增加,种子的发芽率和幼苗生长高度整体呈下降趋势,种子的初始发芽时间逐渐推后,NaC1浓度＞1.0 mol/L,种子仍能萌发,但幼苗生长基本停止;PEG胁迫下,沙生木地肤种子表现出较好的抗旱性,渗透势≥-1.0 MPa下,PEG胁迫对种子的萌发抑制作用不明显,渗透势降低到-1.6 MPa时,发芽率仍高于40％,萌发幼苗仍能缓慢生长. 相似文献
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为了揭示多花黑麦草(Lolium multilorum)对岩溶地区钙盐、干旱环境的适应机制,本研究采用不同浓度(0,5%,10%,15%,20%)聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)的干旱胁迫和不同浓度(0,5 mmol/L,10 mmol/L,25 mmol/L,50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L)CaCl2的钙盐胁迫,探讨干旱、钙盐及盐旱交互胁迫对多花黑麦草种子萌发及胚生长的影响。结果表明:随单一胁迫及交互胁迫浓度的增加,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数呈先增后减的趋势,活力指数则不断下降。PEG浓度为10%时对多花黑麦草发芽率和发芽指数有促进作用;CaCl2浓度为5 mmol/L时对多花黑麦草的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数有促进作用;5%PEG+10 mmol/L CaCl2交互胁迫下的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均较对照有所提高(p<0.05)。干旱胁迫下的胚芽长随胁迫浓度的增加呈先增后减的趋势,交互胁迫下胚根长及胚芽长均随胁迫浓度的增加而降低,15%PEG+100 mmol/L CaCl2、20%PEG+(5~100 mmol/L)CaCl2交互胁迫下种子不能萌发。本研究发现,岩溶区域低浓度的单一盐、旱胁迫和交互胁迫均对多花黑麦草种子的萌发有促进作用,干旱程度是影响该区域种子萌发和胚生长的限制性因子。本研究对多花黑麦草在岩溶地区的推广、种植有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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为探究农用植物酵素对干旱胁迫下高粱种子的缓释作用，以两个高粱品种红缨子和红珍珠种子为试验材料，分别对其种子在不同条件下的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数等指标进行测定，研究农用植物酵素对干旱胁迫条件下高粱种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明，随PEG-6000溶液浓度的增加，两个高粱品种种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈降低趋势，当PEG-6000溶液浓度为20%时，红缨子和红珍珠发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数比ck分别降低了52.52%、14.44%、6.32和52.22%、15.55%、4.22,差异均达显著水平。不同浓度农用植物酵素对种子的萌发效果不同，当浓度稀释为1 200倍时对两个高粱品种的萌发效果最好，红缨子和红珍珠的发芽率分别比ck增加了0.92%和5.56%,种子发霉率比ck分别降低了8.89%和7.63%。当添加稀释1 200倍的农用植物酵素处理干旱胁迫条件下的高粱种子，种子萌发抑制得到解除，对PEG-6000溶液浓度为20%胁迫条件下的种子解除效果最为显著，红缨子和红珍珠发芽率分别提高了16.67%和37.78%,发霉率分别降低了9.03%和10.78%。说明，稀释1 200倍的农用植物... 相似文献
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PEG-6000和盐碱胁迫对甜高粱种子萌发影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甜高粱种子萌发阶段对逆境胁迫比较敏感,为探讨干旱胁迫与盐碱胁迫对甜高粱种子萌发影响的不同机制,以辽甜1号甜高粱种子为材料,采用不同浓度PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,不同浓度NaCl和NaHCO3溶液模拟盐碱胁迫,分析比较甜高粱种子萌发阶段对干旱、盐碱胁迫的响应特性。结果表明:低浓度的NaCl(50 mmol·L^-1)处理,种子的发芽率和发芽势升高,表现出促进种子萌发的作用,低浓度的PEG-6000和NaHCO3处理抑制种子的发芽率和发芽势等萌发指标,中高浓度的PEG-6000、NaCl和NaHCO3处理均显著抑制种子的各类萌发指标,不同浓度的PEG-6000、NaCl和NaHCO3处理均显著影响种子的干物质转移和早期幼苗生长,其中NaHCO3胁迫影响最大,PEG-6000胁迫影响次之,NaCl胁迫影响最小。本研究结论可为干旱和盐碱地区提高甜高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长提供理论依据和技术指导。 相似文献
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采用浓度分别为0％、5％、10％、15％、20％和25％的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱条件,测定蒲公英种子在不同干旱胁迫条件下的日相对萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及上下胚轴长度等指标,研究了蒲公英种子萌发及幼苗生长对PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫的响应,探讨了经20％、25％ PEG-6000浸种预处理后种子的萌发恢复能力.结果表明:5％PEG-6000胁迫下提前了萌发高峰、提高了发芽率,促进了种子的萌发;10％PEG-6000胁迫显著降低了种子发芽势,但未对其发芽率产生显著影响;高度水分胁迫(15％ PEG-6000浓度)显著抑制了蒲公英种子的萌发,并延长其萌发时间,但是,其种子萌发率仍是对照的73.35％,说明蒲公英具有很强的抗旱性.当重度胁迫时(20％、25％ PEG-6000浓度)蒲公英种子未见萌发,解除胁迫后遇充足水分,蒲公英种子即立刻快速整齐的萌发,表现为蒲公英种子对较强干旱环境的适应性,也是野生植物的生存策略之一. 相似文献
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采用甘青青兰种子为实验材料,分别以盐浓度为o(蒸馏水,ok),20,40,60,80,100 mmol/L和PEG-6000浓度为0,25,50,75,100,125 g/L处理种子,研究不同浓度盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对种子萌发的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫抑制甘青青兰种子的萌发,初始萌发时间均被推迟,随着盐浓度的升高,甘青青兰种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、萌发后胚根与胚轴的长度均呈下降趋势,发芽受损率升高,甘青青兰种子对Na2 CO3的耐受性最差,对Na2 SO4的耐受性较强,对NaC1的耐受性最强.PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫同样抑制甘青青兰种子的萌发,种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均随着PEG-6000溶液浓度的升高而降低,发芽受损率升高,萌发后胚根和胚轴长度也呈下降趋势,幼苗生长量降低. 相似文献
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The constitution, design ideas and working principles of the DDC experimental system for testing dynamic tensile stress of outside body cell using membrane variable stress wave are discussed in detail. A new design measure is put forward, i.e. using airtight liquid for transferring pressure, and a space mechanism which is made up of two moveable linking axes and controlled by DDC for producing dynamic tensile stress with variable stress wave. The space mechanism is made up of two moveable linking axes, the first axis is controlled by an alternative current servo system, at the same time it drives the modulating modulating disc, and its rotation velocity is uniform and adjustable, so the rotating velocity of the disc can be controlled. Second, the hydraulic pressure worktable is driven by step electric motor. By dynamically changing the relative position of the modulating disc and the worktable, the journey of the piston in hydraulic pressure vat can be changed accordingly. The resultant motion of the modulating disc rotation and the radial direction relative movement of the piston can create liquid pressure with variable frequency and amplitude range, and the pressure can be changed into membrane tensile stress with variable frequency and pressure amplitude range using pressure fine tuning, and muhi-path disporting pressure. The system is proved to be simple, reliable, economic and controlled expediently by the experiment conducted. 相似文献
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氯化钠和碳酸钠对芦笋的胁迫效应比较 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对一年生芦笋幼苗用0、0.1、0.2、0.3mol/L的中性盐NaCl和碱性盐Na2CO3处理,检测芦笋对盐碱的耐受程度。结果表明:在两种盐胁迫下MDA含量、叶绿素含量及质膜透性的变化趋势基本相似,但碱性盐Na2CO3胁迫使MDA含量急剧上升,质膜透性也明显增加,叶绿素含量下降显著,表明碱性盐Na2CO3对芦笋破坏较中性盐NaCl严重。两种盐对渗透调节物质含量的影响上表现为碱性盐Na2CO3处理使脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量增加显著,中性盐NaCl处理使可溶性糖含量增加明显,说明芦笋可通过增加渗透调节物质含量提高对盐碱的抵抗能力。 相似文献
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对植物生存与生长不利的不良环境称逆境。在逆境条件下,植物往往提早开花,快速完成生活史来适应逆境。因此,开花基因与逆境有着密切的关系。本研究以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)开花基因FLOWERING LOCUST(FT)突变体ft-1和野生型Col-0为材料,对在胁迫下生长的幼苗主根长进行了表型分析。结果显示,在正常条件下生长的ft-1突变体与Col-0根长相似。突变体ft-1和野生型Col-0对NaCl处理显示出极显著差异,且只在高浓度渗透胁迫下表现出显著差异。表明ft-1可能参与植株抗盐过程,与渗透胁迫关系不大。磷盐与钾盐处理与渗透处理结果类似。铵盐下生长的突变体ft-1和野生型Col-0的根长无显著差异,表明ft-1可能不参与铵盐胁迫。硝盐和混合氮盐处理下,两者均产生了极显著或显著差异,表明ft-1可能参与硝盐胁迫过程。 相似文献
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There is mased differences between experimental and analytical results in the frame of symmetric stress model,when the notable stress gradient exist,or outstanding microstructure is to be considerated,or wavelength is too shorter in dynamic problems. Other difficulty is introduced in linear elastic statics of homogeneous isotropic solid that.The problem is that,neighbor boundaries of a angle domain are subjected to two shear forces not equal each other. The problem is not solved in the frame of symmetric stress model. In the frame of the asymmetric stress and couple stress model in present paper this difficulty is sovlved. It is show that,as the distance from the boundaries increase the solving in the frame of asymmetric stress model tent to that in the frame of symmetric stress model. 相似文献
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B. Feng P. Liu G. Li S. T. Dong F. H. Wang L. A. Kong J. W. Zhang 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(2):143-155
Heat stress has become an increasingly important factor in limiting wheat yields. In northern China, high temperature (>30 °C) during the grain filling is one of the major constraints in increasing wheat productivity. We used two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with different sensitivities to heat stress (Jimai 22 ‘JM22’, low sensitivity and Xinmai 26 ‘XM26’, high sensitivity) to study the various aspects of photosynthetic characteristics during the grain filling stage under heat stress. The results showed that photosynthesis rates (Pn) in flag leaves of XM26 decreased faster than in JM22 under heat stress during the grain‐filling stage. Pn decreased more rapidly under heat stress than without stress, by up to 69.9% and 59.3%, respectively, at 10 days following heat stress (10 DAS). This decline of Pn was not caused by heat‐induced stomatal limitation, but rather by a decline in Rubisco activity and a functional drop in photosystem II (PSII). After heat stress, the grain yield of JM22 decreased by 6.41%, but XM26 decreased by 11.43%, when compared with their respective controls. Heat stress also caused an alteration of mesophyll cell ultrastructure. Injury caused by heat stress to organelles in XM26 was more severe than JM22. Moreover, the JM22 cultivar showed some self‐repair capacity following heat stress injury. These results indicate that declines in photosynthetic performance caused by heat stress were cultivar‐dependent. Compared with XM26, the JM22 cultivar had superior heat stability in terms of PSII function and carboxylation activity, both of which are susceptible to heat stress. 相似文献