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岷江上游干旱河谷旱地土壤斥水性特征初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤斥水性是土壤颗粒不易被水滴浸润的现象,对土壤水分特征曲线、土壤溶质运移、土壤优先流、土壤导水率以及地表径流和土壤侵蚀等具有重要影响。研究结果表明,3月份岷江上游干旱河谷0-5cm土层具斥水性的土壤在空间上的分布概率约为34%,其中强度斥水性土壤分布比例为5%;在时间分布上,土壤斥水性主要表现在7月,轻度以下斥水性概率为91%,强度以上斥水性概率为58%;从各粒级土壤斥水性的研究结果来看,斥水性与土壤粒级呈显著负相关,粒级越小,土壤斥水性越高。因此,岷江上游干旱河谷旱地土壤斥水性具有明显的时空分布差异,并且粒级越小土壤斥水性越强,7月份土壤表层的土壤斥水性强度与分布比例高。这可能是导致干旱河谷严重水土流失、土壤砂砾化的一个重要原因。 相似文献
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不同类型土壤团聚体斥水性及其对溅蚀的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确土壤的斥水性特征及其对土壤溅蚀的影响,以3种不同类型及利用方式土壤为研究对象,探究了土壤斥水性分布规律及其影响因素,系统分析了土壤斥水性对土壤溅蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)耕地土壤的斥水性最低,表层土壤斥水性高于下层,黄褐土斥水性(13.15sec)高于其他类型土壤,整体上看,斥水性受到土壤机械组成和游离铁、铝氧化物的显著影响(R2-0.40,p0.01);(2)土壤溅蚀过程呈现为倒"V"形,即一个陡涨陡落的特点,土壤累计溅蚀量随降雨历时变化关系用对数函数可以很好地拟合(R2≥0.90,p0.01);(3)在一定雨强范围内,斥水性对土壤溅蚀有着显著影响,斥水性越大土壤发生溅蚀的程度也越大,对数函数模型也可以很好地表达溅蚀指标随斥水性变化趋势。研究结果能为降雨侵蚀机制研究与侵蚀过程模型提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
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砾石覆盖厚度对斥水土壤入渗特性的影响及模型优选 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于室内一维垂直入渗土柱试验,研究砾石覆盖厚度(0,3,6,9,12 cm)对斥水土壤积水入渗及水分再分布的影响,并利用不同入渗模型进行拟合。结果表明:砾石覆盖显著增加斥水土壤湿润锋运移距离(p<0.05);同一时段内,各处理累积入渗量皆高于对照组(p<0.05),斥水性红壤累积入渗量与砾石覆盖厚度呈正相关关系;斥水性红壤初渗率与稳渗率随砾石覆盖厚度变化均可用指数函数来描述,决定系数分别为0.91和0.87,砾石覆盖使得斥水性潮土初渗率与稳渗率增大,其中稳渗率与砾石覆盖厚度呈二次函数关系,决定系数为0.78,覆盖6 cm时稳渗率达到最大;砾石覆盖明显提高斥水土壤剖面平均含水率,斥水性红壤和潮土最大分别增长180.8%和57.6%;隔绝蒸发条件下,再分布过程斥水土壤湿润体含水率表现为停渗时刻>再分布1天>再分布3天>再分布7天;Horton模型对砾石覆盖斥水土壤入渗过程的拟合效果最好,是分析和预测砾石覆盖斥水土壤水分入渗特征的适宜模型。 相似文献
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沂蒙山区桃园棕壤斥水性对理化性质的空间响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以沂蒙山区典型土地利用桃园棕壤为例,在分析降雨前后桃园棕壤斥水性与理化性质空间变异的基础上,探讨了棕壤斥水性对土壤含水量、有机质含量和土壤质地的空间响应特征。按照1 m×1 m网格等间距测定降雨前后土壤实际斥水性与含水量,同时采集表层0~3 cm土壤样品,分析其有机质含量与砂粒、粉粒、黏粒含量,并借助经典统计学、地统计学与空间自相关理论对土壤斥水性及理化性质进行空间格局与空间相关性分析。结果表明:沂蒙山区桃园棕壤的斥水程度强烈,雨后斥水性显著降低;降雨前后棕壤斥水性均具有中等变异水平和较强的空间自相关性,且呈指数模型分布,各向异性显著。受结构变异和随机变异作用,斥水性空间格局沿耕作方向呈条带状分布,在其垂直方向上最小变程为1.4 m。土壤质地是影响棕壤斥水性空间变异的主要因素,斥水性与粉粒含量呈空间正相关,与砂粒和黏粒含量呈空间负相关,相关程度粉粒砂粒黏粒;棕壤斥水性与含水量呈空间负相关,相关度雨前较弱,雨后显著。 相似文献
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砂土和黏土的颗粒差异对土壤斥水性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
斥水性土壤广泛存在于自然界中,并且对土壤环境和作物生长等有重要影响。建立理想化的土壤颗粒模型对砂土和黏土的斥水特性进行计算分析。结果表明:当接触角很小时,砂土中不存在斥水现象。随着接触角的增大,砂土斥水性与含水率密切相关,砂土的密实度对其斥水性也有重要影响,当砂土比较密实时,土壤的"亲水"与"斥水"特性对含水率特别敏感,随着含水率的变化,砂土可能由亲水性较好的土壤转变为斥水性土壤;当砂土比较松散时,土壤颗粒的斥水性对含水率并不敏感。当黏土接触角略小于90°且湿润半径b也较小时,黏土也存在斥水现象。如果黏土颗粒的接触角较小或接触角小于90°且湿润半径b较大,黏土总是亲水的。黏土含水率较大时,斥水特性由土壤颗粒的接触角决定。 相似文献
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钙结石含量对土壤水分蒸发影响的模拟试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过在土柱中人工模拟黄土高原北部含钙结石土壤,在土壤总水分一致的情况下研究了钙结石含量对土壤水分蒸发过程的影响,以期为黄土高原特定土壤类型中土壤水平衡的计算和模拟提供试验依据。研究结果表明：不同钙结石质量分数（钙结石质量/（钙结石质量+土壤质量））的土壤水分累积蒸发在最初的7 d内差别不大,随后表现出一定的差异;试验期间不同处理的蒸发率差异很小。土壤水分蒸发量随钙结石质量分数的增加而降低,当钙结石质量分数为0.5时,土壤水分蒸发降低8 mm,占到土壤总水分的10%。土壤水分蒸发与钙结石含量之间的负相关关系与钙结石含量增加所导致的土壤含水率降低有关。钙结石对土壤水分蒸发的作用效果与钙结石吸水性、钙结石含量以及水分在钙结石和土壤之间的分配有关。 相似文献
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[目的] 分析改性黑垆土出现斥水性的条件及其影响因素,为研究气候暖干化背景下当地降雨入渗行为对斥水性的响应问题提供参考。[方法] 试验在黄土旱塬陕西省长武县农田试验场进行。选取玉米地和苜蓿地0—20 cm土壤作为试验对象,对2种作物下的土样设计4水平土壤含水量、3种容重和3水平十八烷基伯胺（OCT）添加量进行组合配制土样,用滴水穿透时间法进行斥水性测试。[结果] 土壤斥水性（SWR）随着土壤含水量（0%～6%范围）和容重的增加及OCT添加量的增加而增大,其中土壤含水量、OCT添加量和土壤容重对SWR的影响存在多因素交互效应。在逐步回归分析中,OCT和含水量共同参与下的拟合模型更优。1.3 g/cm3土壤容重下,在0%含水量和0.15% OCT添加量及2%含水量和0.10% OCT添加量条件时,非斥水的黑垆土土壤会转变为轻微斥水性土壤。[结论] 在黑垆土低水条件下的降水入渗过程中,应更多关注不同土地利用土壤含水量和极性物质的积累变化对斥水风险的影响。 相似文献
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再生水灌溉对土壤斥水性的影响 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
深入探求再生水灌溉条件下不同土壤中水分和溶质的分布及斥水性变化规律,能为再生水灌溉条件下土壤斥水性产生原因及其影响因素的研究提供一定的参考。选用砂土、砂姜黑土、塿土和盐碱土进行土柱再生水灌溉试验,取样测定不同灌水量条件下剖面土壤的潜在斥水性、含水率、Cl-、有机质(organicmatter,OM)含量及电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)等。结果表明:再生水灌溉后,塿土及盐碱土分别出现0～2,1～3级斥水性,砂土及砂姜黑土为0级斥水性,4种土表层表现出较强的斥水性。土壤斥水性随再生水灌水量和灌溉时间的增加而显著增强,并且灌水量越大,斥水性差异性越显著。4种土有机质含量OM与土壤斥水持续时间变化值TR呈正相关关系,Cl-含量、EC值与土壤斥水持续时间变化值TR呈负相关关系。相比较其他3种土而言,砂土更适合再生水灌溉。 相似文献
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Water repellency can reduce the infiltration capacity of soils over timescales similar to those of precipitation events. Compaction can also reduce infiltration capacity by decreasing soil hydraulic conductivity, but the effect of compaction on soil water repellency is unknown. This study explores the effect of compaction on the wettability of water repellent soil. Three air‐dry (water content ～4 g 100 g?1) silt loam samples of contrasting wettability (non‐repellent, strongly and severely water repellent) were homogenized and subjected to various pressures in the range 0–1570 kPa in an odeometer for 24 h. Following removal, sample surface water repellency was reassessed using the water drop penetration time method and surface roughness using white light interferometry. An increase in compaction pressure caused a significant reduction in soil surface water repellency, which in turn increases the soil's initial infiltration capacity. The difference in surface roughness of soils compacted at the lowest and highest pressures was significant (at P > 0.2) suggesting an increase in the contact area between sessile water drops and soil surfaces was providing increased opportunities for surface wetting mechanisms to proceed. This suggests that compaction of a water repellent soil may lead to an increased rate of surface wetting, which is a precursor to successful infiltration of water into bulk soil. Although there may be a reduction in soil conductivity upon compaction, the more rapid initiation of infiltration may, in some circumstances, lead to an overall increase in the proportion of rain or irrigation water infiltrating water repellent soil, rather than contributing to surface run‐off or evaporation. 相似文献
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斥水程度对脱水土壤水分特征曲线的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为研究斥水程度对土壤水分特征曲线的影响,该文基于滴水穿透时间法,人工配置7种斥水程度的黏壤土(L0~L6)和6种斥水程度的砂土(S0~S5),用高速离心机测定其土壤水分特征曲线,应用van Genuchten-Mualem(VG)模型进行拟合,得出VG模型水力参数。结果表明:在同一吸力条件下,斥水黏壤土的含水率比斥水砂土的高;随着斥水程度增加,在相同吸力情况下,土壤含水率随斥水程度增大而减小;斥水黏壤土的残余含水率随着斥水程度增加而减小,斥水砂土S0~S3的残余含水率没有差异,S4、S5的残余含水率显著减小;斥水黏壤土和砂土进气值的对数与斥水剂添加量呈负线性相关;随着斥水程度增加,田间持水率减小,凋萎系数没有明显差异,重力水增加,有效水和易有效水减小,易利用水比例随着斥水程度增加而减小;对于斥水黏壤土,微孔隙(0.3~5μm)和小孔隙(5~30μm)含量随着斥水程度的增加明显减小,土壤空隙(≥100μm)随着斥水程度的增加急剧增加;对于斥水砂土,中等孔隙(30~75μm)的含量随斥水程度的增加明显增加。该研究成果可为斥水土壤的入渗、蒸发和数值模拟提供理论支持。 相似文献
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F.B. Pierson P.R. Robichaud C.A. Moffet K.E. Spaeth C.J. Williams S.P. Hardegree P.E. Clark 《CATENA》2008,74(2):98-108
Millions of dollars are spent each year in the United States to mitigate the effects of wildfires and reduce the risk of flash floods and debris flows. Research from forested, chaparral, and rangeland communities indicate that severe wildfires can cause significant increases in soil water repellency resulting in increased runoff and erosion. Few data are available to document the effects of fire on the spatial and temporal variability in soil water repellency and potential impacts on infiltration and runoff on sagebrush-dominated landscapes. Soil water repellency, infiltration and runoff were assessed after two wildfires and one prescribed fire in three steep, sagebrush-dominated watersheds with coarse-textured soils. Water repellency was generally greater on unburned hillslopes and annual variability in water repellency had a greater impact on infiltration capacity than fire effects. The most significant impact of fire was canopy and ground cover removal on coppice microsites. Infiltration rates decreased on coppice microsites after fire even though soil water repellency was reduced. Fire-induced reduction in infiltration resulted from the combined effect of canopy and ground cover removal and the presence of naturally strong water repellent soils. Removal of ground cover likely increased the spatial connectivity of runoff areas from strongly water repellent soils. The results indicate that for coarse-textured sagebrush landscapes with high pre-fire soil water repellency, post-fire increases in runoff are more influenced by fire removal of ground and canopy cover than fire effects on soil water repellency and that the degree of these impacts may be significantly influenced by short-term fluctuations in water repellent soil conditions. 相似文献
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微咸水灌溉对斥水土壤水盐运移的影响 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
土壤斥水性影响着作物的产量,为了研究微咸水灌溉对斥水土壤水盐运移的影响,进行了室内土柱微咸水入渗试验。对比了不同矿化度和斥水程度对两种土质水盐运移的影响,探讨了微咸水入渗后土壤斥水性的变化特征。结果表明,不斥水土壤的入渗能力随矿化度的增加而增加。亲水和斥水土壤的入渗率均可采用Kostiakov公式简单模拟。斥水土壤入渗能力在矿化度为1?g/L时达到最大,超过1?g/L后则随矿化度的增大而减小。微咸水入渗的累积入渗量与湿润锋推进距离呈良好的线性关系,斥水性土壤中的相同剖面水盐的含量比不斥水的减小。微咸水入渗后土壤产生了一定的斥水性。该研究表明微咸水灌溉对盐渍化土壤的水盐分布和斥水性均有一定程度的影响。 相似文献
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The potential of biochar to ameliorate soil water repellency has not been widely studied. Previous studies have focused on the potential for biochar to induce or exacerbate existing water repellency rather than alleviate it. This study investigates the effect of adding wettable biochar to water‐repellent soil by comparing the water drop penetration times (WDPTs) of a control and biochar‐amended soil. The potential of wettable biochar to act as a physical amendment to water‐repellent soil was evaluated by mixing coarsely‐ground biochar (CGB, particle size range 250–2000 µm) or finely‐ground biochar (FGB, particle size range < 250 µm) with one strongly and one severely naturally water‐repellent soil in various quantities, and then measuring the WDPT for each mixture. When biochar particles did not fall within the size range of existing soil particles, an initial increase in both mean WDPT (WDPTM) and variation in WDPT was observed with small additions of biochar. These effects possibly result from increased surface roughness and inhibition of infiltration by the suspension of drops above the average soil–air interface at a few hydrophobic points. Both CGB and FGB reduced soil water repellency, FGB more effectively than CGB. The addition of 10% w/w FGB reduced soil WDPT by 50%, and 25% FGB eliminated repellency. Direct absorption of water by biochar and an increase in soil surface area in contact with water are the predominant physical mechanisms involved. This exploratory study suggests biochar has the potential to amend water‐repellent soil. 相似文献
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Recent research shows that most soils are more or less water repellent. Already subcritical water repellency may cause incomplete soil wetting and preferential flow. Both processes potentially reduce the residence time of water and solutes in the vadose zone, resulting in an enhanced risk of groundwater contamination. The objective of the present paper is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of reduced soil wettability on the soil water infiltration rate and to investigate the tendency towards preferential flow with the analysis of the immobile water content in the infiltration zone. In november 2002, a field experiment was done in a coniferous forest, 30 km N of Hannover, Germany. Soil hydrophobicity was quantified by measuring the contact angles. The hydraulic conductivity of the podsolic sandy soil was measured depth‐dependent with a double‐ring tension infiltrometer in three soil horizons. To quantify possible preferential‐flow effects, a LiBr‐Tracer was added to the infiltrating water to evaluate the mobile water‐content fraction after infiltration. Additionally, infiltration rates of water were compared with infiltration rates of ethanol which were determined after water infiltration at the same locations. Results show that the actual water repellency of field‐moist soil was mainly subcritical (contact angle <90°). Water infiltration rates were reduced due to subcritical repellency by a factor of 3–170 compared with ethanol infiltration rates (exclusion of wetting effects). This spatially variable infiltration behavior was not clearly reflected neither by the small‐scale contact‐angle measurements nor by the analysis of the average immobile soil water content in the infiltration zone. We conclude that this specific infiltration behavior of water caused by small‐scale wettability effects may temporarily reduce the local connectivity of water‐flow pathways. 相似文献
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An understanding of the relation between soil water repellency (SWR) and soil moisture is a prerequisite of water‐flow modelling in water‐repellent soil. Here, the relation between SWR and soil moisture was investigated with intact cores of soil taken from three types of soil with different particle‐size distributions. The SWR was measured by a sessile drop contact angle (CA) during drying at soil pF values that ranged from ?∞ to 4.2. From the measured CA, the work of adhesion (Wa) was calculated and its relation with the pF‐value was explored. Mixed modelling was applied to evaluate the effects of pF, soil type and soil depth on CA and Wa. For all soil types, a positive relation was observed between CA and the pF‐value that could be represented by a linear model for the pF‐range of 1–4.2. The variation in slope and intercept of the CA–pF relationship caused by heterogeneity of the samples taken from a single soil horizon was quantified. In addition, the relation between CA and water content (WC) showed hysteresis, with significantly larger CAs during drying than during wetting. 相似文献
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K. Müller M. Deurer K. Kawamoto T. Kuroda S. Subedi S. Hiradate T. Komatsu B. E. Clothier 《European Journal of Soil Science》2014,65(3):348-359
Soil water repellency (SWR) is known to lead to preferential flow and to degrade the soil's filtering efficiency. However, no method is available to quantify directly how SWR affects the transport of reactive solutes. We propose a new method for conducting solute transport experiments in water‐repellent soils. It involves sequentially applying two liquids, one water, the other a reference fully wetting liquid, namely aqueous ethanol, to the same intact soil core with air‐drying between liquids. We applied this approach to quantify the impact of SWR on the filtering of the herbicide 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) in two Andosols. In batch experiments conducted prior to the transport experiments, 2,4‐D sorption was not influenced by aqueous ethanol for one soil. However, sorption in the second soil followed the co‐solvency theory, which predicts decreasing sorption with increasing solvent fractions. Thus, sorption experiments are necessary to complement our new method. Breakthrough curves were characterized by preferential flow with large initial concentrations, tailing and a long prevalence of solutes remaining in the soil. In the soil in which 2,4‐D sorption was unaffected by aqueous ethanol, SWR increased 2,4‐D losses by four and 50 times in the first 5‐mm outflow compared with the 2,4‐D losses with water. After 50‐mm outflow, the 2,4‐D losses were similar for one core, but in the other core they were still about four times greater with water than with aqueous ethanol. This method to quantify the reduction of the soil's filtering efficiency by SWR is needed for assessing the increased risk of groundwater contamination by solutes exogenously applied to water‐repellent soils. 相似文献
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Mao Jiefei Nierop Klaas G. J. Dekker Stefan C. Dekker Louis W. Chen Baoliang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(1):171-185
Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil water repellency (SWR) can interrupt water infiltration that may decline plant growth and potentially trigger soil erosion. Until now research has been mainly... 相似文献