共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
以木屑为原料,磷酸为活化剂,硼酸为催化剂制备活性炭。通过正交实验考察了活性炭制备过程中磷屑比、硼酸添加量,活化温度和活化时间等因素对活性炭性能的影响。实验结果表明:生产活性炭的最佳工艺条件为磷屑比为1.5∶1,硼酸的添加量为1%,活化温度是400℃,活化时间为60 min,此时活性炭的得率为33.5%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为225 mg/g,碘吸附值为855 mg/g。添加硼酸的制备方法要比传统的用磷酸制备时的条件更加温和,通过调整工艺条件,可以改变活性炭产品的孔隙结构,生产出用于不同环境的液相吸附专用活性炭。 相似文献
2.
选用低温竹炭为原料、氢氧化钾为活化剂,制备不同炭碱比和不同活化时间的竹活性炭。运用傅立叶红外光谱议(FTIR)、比表面积测定仪(BET)等仪器对竹活性炭表面官能团、比表面积和孔径结构及比电容进行了测试和分析。结果表明,炭碱比1:4、活化温度700℃、活化时间3h条件下制备的竹活性炭,比表面积为2897.7m2/g,总孔容为1.340cm3/g,平均孔径为2.59nm,亚甲基蓝吸附值为27.7ml/0.1g,碘吸附值为1920mg/g,作为超级电容器(EDLC)的电极,其比电容为114.4F/g。 相似文献
3.
以稻秆为原料,通过磷酸法活化制备得到了中孔活性炭,并采用氮气吸附、元素分析和扫描电镜对其进行了表征分析。实验结果表明:稻秆制备活性炭的工艺条件为10 g稻秆,浸渍比3∶1(质量比),在140℃下预活化60 min,活化温度450℃,活化时间60 min。在此条件下制备得到的活性炭得率为25%,亚甲基蓝吸附值215 mg/g,碘吸附值835 mg/g,A法焦糖值110%,灰分3.03%,其比表面积为967.7 m2/g,总孔容为1.12 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.6 nm,中孔率可以达到84.8%。 相似文献
4.
低温磷酸活化棉秆制备活性炭的研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
以棉秆为原料,活化温度在300～450 ℃之间,研究了低温磷酸活化制备活性炭的可行性,并测定了活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率等吸附性能指标;根据氮气吸附等温线分析了活性炭的孔隙结构特征;采用Boehm 滴定方法分析了活性炭的各类表面官能团.结果表明:在磷酸的低温活化过程中,活化温度的升高显著促进了活性炭的比表面积及其对亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率等的吸附能力.在 350 ℃下的低温磷酸活化棉秆能够制备出比表面积达 1 244 m2/g,表面官能团含量高达 10.4 mmol/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率分别达到 190 mL/g 和 100 % 的孔隙结构发达和极性较强的活性炭. 相似文献
5.
高比表面积竹质活性炭的制备与性能研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以竹子为原料、磷酸为活化剂,在不同条件下制备竹基活性炭,考察浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间、升温速率等因素对竹质活性炭产品吸附性能的影响,得到亚甲基蓝吸附值最高达200 mL/g、焦糖脱色率最高达120%的高吸附性能竹质活性炭。研究结果表明最佳工艺条件为:浸渍比3∶1(g∶g),活化温度400℃,升温速率10℃/m in,活化时间40 m in。对所制得的竹质活性炭产品进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析、N2吸附分析,结果表明所制得活性炭具有较高的BET比表面积(2 103 m2/g)和发达的孔结构。 相似文献
6.
《林业工程学报》2016,(3)
沙柳资源丰富且含有大量的纤维素和半纤维素,可作为制备活性炭的潜在原料。本研究以沙柳为原料、磷酸为活化剂,采用正交试验法确定沙柳基活性炭的制备工艺,探究浸渍比、活化温度和活化时间3个因素对沙柳基活性炭得率及亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对所制备活性炭的微观形貌和石墨层结构进行分析和表征,并利用氮气吸附和脱附曲线计算出BET比表面积、BJH孔径分布。试验结果表明:制备沙柳基活性炭的较理想工艺条件为,活化时间80 min,浸渍比3∶1(磷酸与原料的质量比),活化温度450℃;在此条件下制备的沙柳基活性炭平均得率为46.48%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为135.0 mg/g,BET比表面积为1 015.144 m2/g,孔径大小平均为4.23 nm。 相似文献
7.
《竹子研究汇刊》2015,(1)
竹屑用磷酸活化法制备吸附汽油蒸气和液相脱色的颗粒活性炭。竹屑与磷酸溶液按适当比例混合均匀,在适当温度下塑化,然后经捏和、挤出成型、干燥硬化、炭化、活化、漂洗和烘干等工序制得颗粒活性炭产品。研究了磷酸浓度、酸屑重量比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。正交试验结果表明较佳的工艺条件为:磷酸浓度85%,酸屑重量比为1.9∶1,活化温度430℃,活化时间90 min。在较佳工艺条件制得活性炭试样的丁烷工作容量为11.95 g·100 m L-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值为255 mg·g-1,活性炭试样的BET比表面积和孔容积分别为1 978.95 m2·g-1和1.4907 cm3·g-1。 相似文献
8.
微波辐射磷酸法制备竹材活性炭及表征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以竹屑为原料,采用微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭。讨论了微波功率、活化时间及磷酸质量分数等工艺条件对竹材活性炭吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,在磷酸质量分数、活化时间和微波功率3个因素中,微波活化时间对活性炭质量指标影响最大,延长时间可以提高其产品的吸附性能;微波辐射磷酸法制备竹材活性炭的较优工艺条件为:微波功率600 W、活化时间16 min、磷酸质量分数50%。在此条件下制得的活性炭的碘吸附值850.6 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值233.8 mg/g、比表面积920.5 m2/g。 相似文献
9.
以竹材加工剩余物为原料,在不添加活化剂的条件下,开展了微正压热解自活化制备活性炭的研究,通过热重-质谱分析、热解炭化和热解自活化对比,以及热解自活化尾气监测,探究热解过程中活性炭孔隙结构的形成机制。研究结果发现:热解过程产生的水蒸气和二氧化碳可以与固相炭发生气化成孔反应,制得高吸附性能的竹材活性炭;热解气体、均匀活化、气-炭可逆反应平衡状态、活化剂的扩散速率及气-炭反应速率是竹材活性炭孔隙结构和吸附性能的主要影响机制;控制热解自活化压力为0.12 MPa,在900℃(升温速率15℃/min)热解6 h,制得活性炭得率为15.22%,BET比表面积(S_(BET))1 108 m~2/g,微孔容积(V_(mic))为0.407 cm~3/g,介孔容积(V_(mes))为0.085 cm~3/g,碘和亚甲基蓝的吸附值分别为1 438和300 mg/g,同时副产高H_2、CO含量和高CO/CO_2比例的费托合成原料气。 相似文献
10.
磷酸活化法制备纤维素基颗粒活性炭 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以微晶纤维素为原料,在不添加黏结剂的条件下,采用磷酸活化法制备纤维素基颗粒活性炭。分析了捏合过程和炭活化工艺对活性炭耐磨强度、吸附性能和孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明,炭活化温度的升高及保温时间的延长有利于颗粒活性炭强度的提高;随着浸渍比值的升高,颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积、微孔容积和中孔容积均呈不断上升的趋势;浸渍比值较小,较细微孔结构发达,浸渍比值较大,较大微孔结构发达。在较佳的工艺条件下:捏合温度150℃,浸渍比值1.25,捏合时间55 min,炭活化温度450℃和保温时间1.0 h,制得颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、强度、比表面积、总孔容积、微孔容积、中孔容积和平均孔径分别为896.6 mg/g、131.3 mg/g、94.69%、1 377.3 m2/g、1.083 cm3/g、0.514 cm3/g、0.569 cm3/g和3.14 nm。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献